Analysis of temperature measuring error in high-temperature ceramic samples with various methods of thermocouple fixing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.D. Nikonova ◽  
Z.N. Yuldashev ◽  
O.V. DenisovO.V. ◽  
L.V. Denisova
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Measuring Error ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Radiation Heating ◽  
Thermal Tests ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Unilateral Heating

The evaluation of methodological errors in measuring the temperature of nitride ceramics under unilateral heating by high-intensity heat flow was carried out. Simulation of thermal processes in the temperature sensor — sample system was performed using the Siemens PLMNX program. Various methods of fixing platinum-rhodium thermocouples with a diameter of 0.1 mm on the surface and inside the samples have been investigated. The regularities of the influence of the size of the hot junction, the presence of thermal cement, the shape of the grooves for fixing thermocouples on the methodological error of temperature measurement were investigated. Significant errors were revealed when installing thermocouples on the surface of the sample without violating its integrity. Recommendations for the installation of thermocouples were given. The results of the paper can be useful in the preparation of experimental samples for thermal tests on radiation heating stands.

High-Strength Ceramic Cutting Tools with Multipurpose Coatings for Highly Effective Processing of Tempered Steel

2014 ◽  
Vol 1064 ◽  
pp. 148-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Nikolaevich Grigoriev ◽  
Marina Volosova ◽  
Alexey Anatolevich Vereschaka ◽  
Anton Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Working Capacity ◽  
Improve Working ◽  
Vacuum Plasma ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Plasma Coatings

The article considers new technological principles of designing of vacuum-plasma coatings for ceramics on the basis of Al203–TiC and Si3N4and the requirements for the following coatings: (Zr, Hf, Cr) N; (Ti, Cr) N; ZrN. Each of these coatings has specific features which can significantly improve working capacity of ceramics in various operation conditions. Technological process and the equipment for deposition of coating on ceramic samples and cutting plates are developed. Undertaken studies of the coatings deposited according to the developed technological principles, show ability to increase considerably beam strength of the samples from oxide-carbide and nitride ceramics. The article shows the possibility to replace grinding operation of details of bearings from tempered steels like ShH15SG type (62 ... 65HRC) to turning by the cutting tools equipped with plates from Al203-TiC ceramics with a coating (Zr, Hf, Cr)N.

PLASMA BILIRUBIN DETERMINATION IN THE NEWBORN INFANT

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-931
Author(s):  
M. Michaëlsson ◽  
B. Nosslin ◽  
S. Sjölin
Keyword(s):  
Special Reference ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Unconjugated Bilirubin ◽  
Methodological Error ◽  
Coupling Methods ◽  
Diazo Coupling ◽  
Methodological Errors ◽  
Plasma Bilirubin ◽  
Coupling Procedure

A method for plasma bilirubin determination is described. It is a modification of the Jendrassik and Grof alkaline diazo-coupling procedure and allows determination of both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin in small amounts of plasma. Five commonly used diazo-coupling methods are compared with special reference to the influence of hemolysis in the sample. The Jendrassik and Grof method as modified by Nosslin and Michaëlsson is shown to have the smallest methodological error and to be insignificantly influenced by hemolysis in the sample, in contrast to the methods of Malloy and Evelyn, Lathe and Ruthven, Ducci and Watson, and Powell. The bilirubin standardization procedure, methodological errors, and the influence of hemolysis in the sample are discussed.

CBED analysis of impurity distributions in AlN

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
Daniel Callahan ◽  
G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Nitride ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Promising Technique ◽  
Nitride Ceramics ◽  
Surface Phases ◽  
Convergent Beam ◽  
Oxygen Impurities

Oxygen impurities may significantly influence the properties of nitride ceramics with a strong dependence on the microstructural distribution of the impurity. For example, amorphous oxygen-rich grain boundary phases are well-known to cause high-temperature mechanical strength degradation in silicon nitride whereas solutionized oxygen is known to decrease the thermal conductivity of aluminum nitride. Microanalytical characterization of these impurities by spectral methods in the AEM is complicated by reactions which form oxygen-rich surface phases not representative of the bulk material. Furthermore, the impurity concentrations found in higher quality ceramics may be too low to measure by EDS or PEELS. Consequently an alternate method for the characterization of impurities in these ceramics has been investigated.Convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) is a promising technique for the study of impurity distributions in aluminum nitride ceramics. Oxygen is known to enter into stoichiometric solutions with AIN with a consequent decrease in lattice parameter.

Transmission Electron Microscopy study of Bi-based superconducting phases

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-51
Author(s):  
J.G. Wen ◽  
K.K. Fung
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Microscopy Study ◽  
Electron Microscopy Study ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
Superconducting Phases ◽  
Ceramic Samples ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Modulated Structures

Bi-based superconducting phases have been found to be members of a structural series represented by Bi2Sr2Can−1Cun−1On+4, n=1,2,3, and are referred to as 2201, 2212, 2223 phases. All these phases are incommensurate modulated structures. The super space groups are P2/b, NBbmb 2201, 2212 phases respectively. Pb-doped ceramic samples and single crystals and Y-doped single crystals have been studied by transmission electron microscopy.Modulated structures of all Bi-based superconducting phases are in b-c plane, therefore, it is the best way to determine modulated structure and c parameter in diffraction pattern. FIG. 1,2,3 show diffraction patterns of three kinds of modulations in Pb-doped ceramic samples. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) confirms the presence of Pb in the three modulated structures. Parameters c are 3 0.06, 38.29, 30.24Å, ie 2212, 2223, 2212 phases for FIG. 1,2,3 respectively. Their average space groups are all Bbmb.

Fibre-optic temperature sensor with wide temperature range characteristics

1987 ◽  
Vol 134 (5) ◽  
pp. 291 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.T.V. Grattan ◽  
J.D. Manwell ◽  
S.M.L. Sim ◽  
C.A. Willson
Keyword(s):  
Wide Temperature Range ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Temperature Range

Home Automation Using Bluetooth

2020 ◽  
pp. 675-678
Author(s):  
Mukesh Mahajan ◽  
Astha Dubey ◽  
Samruddhi Desai ◽  
Kaveri Netawate
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Humidity Sensor ◽  
The Other ◽  
Automation System ◽  
Home Automation ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
Home Appliances ◽  
Home Automation System ◽  
Condition Systems

This paper reviews basically about Bluetooth based home automation system. It is controlled by PIC microcontroller. Home automation can be defined as the ability to perform tasks automatically and monitor or change status remotely. These include tasks such as turning off lights in the room, locking doors via smartphone, automate air condition systems and appliances which help in the kitchen. Now a days several wireless devices are available such as Bluetooth, Zigbee and GSM. Since Bluetooth is low in cost than the other two and hence is used more. In this paper we have described the methods of automating different home appliances using Bluetooth and pic microcontroller. Different sensors are involved in this system to advance and make it smarter. Sensors such as temperature sensor, liquid sensors, humidity sensor etc. can be used.

Rancang Bangun Sistem Komunikasi Data Antara Mikrokontroller Atmega8 Dengan Arduino Pada Mesin Roaster Coffe Digital

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Rachmad Ikhsan ◽  
Effendi Effendi
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Industry Standards ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Roasting Time

Roasting coffee manually is widely applied by coffee producers. This process takes a very long time and is less efficient in terms of productivity for industry standards. This machine  is equipped with a thermocouple sensor as a temperature sensor that will measure the temperature in the roasting cylinder, then equipped with a timer as a reminder of roasting time that ranges from 15 minutes at a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius, this machine  is also equipped with android as a timer controller on the coffee roaster machine. This machine is also equipped with a microcontroller and Bluetooth as a media transmitter and data receiver. From the test results obtained data that Bluetooth can be used for data communication between the microcontroller and Android with a distance of 30 meters in the room, and 12 meters outside the room. If it exceeds that distance, then Bluetooth will not respond back

Research and Modelling on Electrical and Thermal Mode of LEDs Operation in the Luminaire

2018 ◽  
pp. 155-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergei S. Kapitonov ◽  
Anastasia V. Kapitonova ◽  
Sergei Yu. Grigorovich ◽  
Sergei A. Medvedev ◽  
Taher Sobhy
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Operating Mode ◽  
Thermal Processes ◽  
Thermal Mode ◽  
Crystal Temperature ◽  
Premature Failure ◽  
Model Based

In the article, the electrical and thermal processes in the LED lamp with varied parameters are investigated. Voltage and current measurements on all LEDs of the luminaire are carried out in the nominal operating mode. The power allocated to each LED is determined. The calculation of the LED crystal temperature was carried out using the developed thermal LED model based on the results of the measurements and by using “Multisim” program. It has been established that the temperature of the crystals of individual LEDs in the luminaire differ significantly, which leads to unfavourable thermal conditions for them and an increased likelihood of premature failure.

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