Mutagenic effect of phosphemide for induction of mutations of Hordeum vulgare L. and Linum usitatissimum L.

La expansión demográfica a nivel mundial, y en el Perú, particularmente trae consigo un sin número de problemas, destacando sobre ellos, los relacionados a la salud; siendo este, un pilar fundamental para el progreso y desarrollo de los pueblos; por ello, la presente investigación se avocó a determinar el valor de uso medicinal de la flora empleada por el poblador del distrito de Víctor Larco, Trujillo, La Libertad, Perú. Se aplicaron un total de 96 entrevistas semi - estructuradas a los pobladores del distrito en mención, a fin de obtener información respecto al nombre común, parte utilizada, tipo de preparación, modo de aplicación, usos medicinales, así como el índice de valor de uso (IVU). Paralelamente se colectó, secó, montó, etiquetó y determinó taxonómicamente los especímenes referidos por la población. Se reportan 50 especies de plantas de uso etnomedicinal en el distrito; distribuidas en 46 géneros y 30 familias, de las que destacan por su número de especies: Asteraceae (7), Lamiaceae (4), Fabaceae (3), Liliaceae (3) y Rutaceae (3). Se concluye que las especies más importantes empleadas en el tratamiento y/o cura de las enfermedades padecidas por el poblador del distrito de Victor Larco, según su Indice de Valor de Uso (IVU) son: Linum usitatissimum L. “linaza”, Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf “hierba luisa”, Citrus limon (L.) Osbeck “limón”, Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. “sábila”, Solanum tuberosum L. “papa”, Hordeum vulgare L. “cebada” y Morinda citrifolia L. “noni”.

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EFFECT OF SPRING SEEDLING RESIDUES ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBSEQUENT FLAX AND BARLEY CROPS SEEDED WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TILLAGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-017 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 151-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

G. H. GUBBELS ◽

E. O. KENASCHUK

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Residues ◽

Barley Seedling ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Toxic Compounds ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of spring seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and a weed mixture on the growth and yield of subsequent crops of flax and barley seeded after tillage of the seedling plots. Some treatments were also tested without tillage, the seedlings being killed with paraquat. The large quantities of spring seedling residues had variable effects on flax yields, resulting in increases in some years and decreases in others compared to seedling-free plots. Flax yields were generally reduced by canola, flax and weed seedling residues, and increased by barley seedling residue. Averaged over 6 yr, canola seedlings reduced flax yields by 2% and barley increased flax yields by 3% with conventional tillage. On the other hand, barley yields were reduced 7% by conola and 17% by barley seedling residues. Yields of flax and barley were higher without than with tillage of the seedlings prior to seeding. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of the seedling residues on soil crusting, toxic compounds in the residues and toxic compounds formed during decomposition of the residues.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., plant residues, tillage systems

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AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FLAX GROWN ON CANOLA, BARLEY AND FLAX STUBBLE WITH AND WITHOUT TILLAGE PRIOR TO SEEDING

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps89-005 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. H. GUBBELS ◽

E. O. KENASCHUK

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Residues ◽

Conventional Tillage ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

No Tillage ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of mature crop residues and volunteer seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth and yield of subsequent flax crops seeded after conventional tillage. A second set of field experiments was also conducted which included both flax and barley as test crops on canola and barley stubble and included an additional comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage. Flax yields were generally lower on canola and flax stubble than on barley stubble with conventional tillage before seeding. Averaged over 6 yr the reduction was 9% on canola stubble. With no tillage prior to seeding, flax yielded as well on canola as on barley stubble. Spring volunteer seedlings of canola and flax often reduced flax yields but fall volunteer growth had no marked effect. Barley yielded better on canola than on its own stubble, and tended to yield better with tillage prior to seeding than without.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., crop residues, phytotoxins, tillage practices

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EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-134 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 1115-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

LYLE FRIESEN ◽

IAN N. MORRISON ◽

GEORGE MARSHALL ◽

WESLEY ROTHER

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–70 plants m−2) of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Neepawa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bonanza) on the growth and seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Dufferin). Rectangular hyperbolic models were fitted to data using nonlinear regression analysis. Results indicated that both volunteer cereals severely reduced flax biomass and yield, with volunteer barley interference causing greater losses than volunteer wheat at equivalent densities. From the regression equations it was calculated that an intermediate density of 30 volunteer wheat plants m−2 reduced the yield of flax by 49% in 1982 and 53% in 1983, whereas an equivalent density of volunteer barley plants reduced flax yields by 56% in 1982 and 67% in 1983.Key words: Competition, flax, volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, rectangular hyperbola, yield loss

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Phytohormonal activity of lactone-structure brassinosteroids under chemical stress in plants

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus Biological Series ◽

10.29235/1029-8940-2021-66-2-186-193 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 186-193

Author(s):

K. R. Kem ◽

N. A. Laman ◽

N. A. Kopylova ◽

V. A. Khripach

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Fiber Flax ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Growth Inhibiting

The dependence of the action of lactone-structure brassinosteroids in composition with a growth-inhibiting dose of glyphosate on the root system and the aerial part of fiber flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings was determined. The species specificity of growth responses to seed incrustation by such mixtures was identified. The concentration ranges of brassinosteroids, in which their interaction with the herbicide is most pronounced, were detected. In this case, there is an increase (on spring barley seedlings) or weakening (on fiber flax seedlings) of the inhibitory effect of glyphosate on the root system.

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EFFECT OF SUMMERFALLOWING AND ROTATION ON YIELD OF WHEAT, BARLEY AND FLAX

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps70-124 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 50 (6) ◽

pp. 659-666 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

H. M. AUSTENSON ◽

A. WENHARDT ◽

W. J. WHITE

Keyword(s):

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

First Year ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Excessive Competition ◽

Medicago Sativa L ◽

Second Year

Yields of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) were studied in various rotations over a 13-year period. During this time precipitation averaged about 10% below long term means. Wheat yields in the second year after fallow averaged about 75% of the yield in the first year after fallow, and were more variable. Continuous wheat failed in 2 years out of 13 because of excessive competition from weeds. Because of these failures, continuous wheat yields were extremely variable and averaged 55% of fallow yield. Barley performed in much the same way as wheat, except that the yield of barley was no more erratic on stubble land than on fallow. Wheat and barley yields were unaffected by other crops growing in 3-year rotations. Flax yields were depressed following flax, whether a year of fallow intervened or not. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) depressed wheat yield in the first crop after breaking, even though a full year of summerfallow preceded the wheat. Alfalfa with bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.), and bromegrass alone, did not affect wheat yields significantly.

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MAGNETISM AND PLANT GROWTH: I. EFFECT ON GERMINATION AND EARLY GROWTH OF CEREAL SEEDS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps63-104 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 513-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

U. J. Pittman

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Field ◽

Avena Sativa ◽

Linum Usitatissimum ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Early Growth ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Linum Usitatissimum L ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Lines Of Force

Seeds of Chinook wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Compana barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Victory oats (Avena sativa L.), common fall rye (Secale cereale L.), and Redwood flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) germinated faster and grew more in 48 hours when they were oriented longitudinally parallel to the lines of force in a magnetic field than when orientated horizontally at right angles to those lines of force. Growth responses of approximately the same nature and magnitude were obtained when the orientation treatment during germination was relative to the direction of the lines of force of either the geomagnetic or an introduced magnetic field.

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Ultrastructure and Senescence in an Achloroplastic Mutant of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Dyan

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100124628 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

pp. 844-845

Author(s):

R.H.M. Cross ◽

C.E.J. Botha ◽

A.K. Cowan ◽

B.J. Hartley

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Lethal Mutant ◽

Cytoplasmic Matrix ◽

Close Proximity ◽

Pinocytotic Vesicles

Senescence is an ordered degenerative process leading to death of individual cells, organs and organisms. The detection of a conditional lethal mutant (achloroplastic) of Hordeum vulgare has enabled us to investigate ultrastructural changes occurring in leaf tissue during foliar senescence.Examination of the tonoplast structure in six and 14 day-old mutant tissue revealed a progressive degeneration and disappearance of the membrane, apparently starting by day six in the vicinity of the mitochondria associated with the degenerating proplastid (Fig. 1.) where neither of the plastid membrane leaflets is evident (arrows, Fig. 1.). At this stage there was evidence that the mitochondrial membranes were undergoing retrogressive changes, coupled with disorganization of cristae (Fig. 2.). Proplastids (P) lack definitive prolamellar bodies. The cytoplasmic matrix is largely agranular, with few endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae or polyribosomal aggregates. Interestingly, large numbers of actively-budding dictysomes, associated with pinocytotic vesicles, were observed in close proximity to the plasmalemma of mesophyll cells (Fig. 3.). By day 14 however, mesophyll cells showed almost complete breakdown of subcellular organelle structure (Fig. 4.), and further evidence for the breakdown of the tonoplast. The final stage of senescence is characterized by the solubilization of the cell wall due to expression and activity of polygalacturonase and/or cellulose. The presence of dictyosomes with associated pinocytotic vesicles formed from the mature face, in close proximity to both the plasmalemma and the cell wall, would appear to support the model proposed by Christopherson for the secretion of cellulase. This pathway of synthesis is typical for secretory glycoproteins.

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