AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF FLAX GROWN ON CANOLA, BARLEY AND FLAX STUBBLE WITH AND WITHOUT TILLAGE PRIOR TO SEEDING

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of mature crop residues and volunteer seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) on the growth and yield of subsequent flax crops seeded after conventional tillage. A second set of field experiments was also conducted which included both flax and barley as test crops on canola and barley stubble and included an additional comparison between conventional tillage and no tillage. Flax yields were generally lower on canola and flax stubble than on barley stubble with conventional tillage before seeding. Averaged over 6 yr the reduction was 9% on canola stubble. With no tillage prior to seeding, flax yielded as well on canola as on barley stubble. Spring volunteer seedlings of canola and flax often reduced flax yields but fall volunteer growth had no marked effect. Barley yielded better on canola than on its own stubble, and tended to yield better with tillage prior to seeding than without.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., crop residues, phytotoxins, tillage practices

EFFECT OF SPRING SEEDLING RESIDUES ON THE AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SUBSEQUENT FLAX AND BARLEY CROPS SEEDED WITH AND WITHOUT PRIOR TILLAGE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. GUBBELS ◽  
E. O. KENASCHUK
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Barley Seedling ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effect of spring seedling residues of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and a weed mixture on the growth and yield of subsequent crops of flax and barley seeded after tillage of the seedling plots. Some treatments were also tested without tillage, the seedlings being killed with paraquat. The large quantities of spring seedling residues had variable effects on flax yields, resulting in increases in some years and decreases in others compared to seedling-free plots. Flax yields were generally reduced by canola, flax and weed seedling residues, and increased by barley seedling residue. Averaged over 6 yr, canola seedlings reduced flax yields by 2% and barley increased flax yields by 3% with conventional tillage. On the other hand, barley yields were reduced 7% by conola and 17% by barley seedling residues. Yields of flax and barley were higher without than with tillage of the seedlings prior to seeding. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of the seedling residues on soil crusting, toxic compounds in the residues and toxic compounds formed during decomposition of the residues.Key words: Flax, Linum usitatissimum L., barley, Hordeum vulgare L., plant residues, tillage systems

EFFECTS OF VOLUNTEER WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF FLAX

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Nonlinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–70 plants m−2) of volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Neepawa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. Bonanza) on the growth and seed yield of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. Dufferin). Rectangular hyperbolic models were fitted to data using nonlinear regression analysis. Results indicated that both volunteer cereals severely reduced flax biomass and yield, with volunteer barley interference causing greater losses than volunteer wheat at equivalent densities. From the regression equations it was calculated that an intermediate density of 30 volunteer wheat plants m−2 reduced the yield of flax by 49% in 1982 and 53% in 1983, whereas an equivalent density of volunteer barley plants reduced flax yields by 56% in 1982 and 67% in 1983.Key words: Competition, flax, volunteer wheat, volunteer barley, rectangular hyperbola, yield loss

scholarly journals Tillage Variables for Peanut Production

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Colvin ◽  
B. J. Brecke ◽  
E. B. Whitty
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Peanut Production ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Effects of minimum tillage (MT) production techniques on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root growth and yield were unknown. Field experiments were therefore conducted during 1984 near Williston and Marianna, FL and during 1985 near Williston and Jay, FL to evaluate effects of surface and subsurface tillage on peanut production. Soil types were a Zuber loamy sand (fine, mixed hyperthermic Ultic Hapludalf) at Williston, a Chipola sandy loam (loamy, siliceous, thermic Arenic Hapludult) at Marianna, and a Red Bay sandy loam (fine, loamy, siliceous, thermic Rhodic Paleudult) at Jay. The Sunrunner peanut cultivar was planted using a modified twin 23 cm row spacing and seeded at a rate of 140 kg/ha. Eight tillage systems that included combinations of conventional tillage, strip-tillage, and no-tillage with and without subsoiling or subsurface slitting were evaluated. Peanuts germinated and grew well except in no-tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage. Without surface or subsurface tillage there was not sufficient soil disturbance to insure proper seed-soil contact or seed cover. Generally, plots that received some degree of conventional tillage yielded better than plots with no surface preparation (4090 vs. 3760 kg/ha avg.). Minimum tillage plots yielded numerically less than conventional plots but in only a few cases were significant differences in yield noted. At most locations, minimum tillage plots that received no subsurface tillage developed a “lazy root syndrome” in which the few roots produced were quite shallow and grew near the soil surface. These treatments yielded less (3680 vs. 4010 kg/ha avg.) than those with conventional seedbed preparation or the minimum tillage treatments receiving subsurface tillage. Root strength and penetration measurements roughly reflect the same trends as peanut yields. The slit-tillage system resulted in peanut yields equal to or better than those obtained with chisel point subsoiling. Slitter wear and breakage problems were encountered but overall, the subsurface slit system appears to be a functional alternative to chisel point subsoiling.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Practices on Dissemination and Spatial Patterns of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gavassoni ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Two field experiments were conducted in central Iowa to assess the effects of tillage on Heterodera glycines dissemination and reproduction and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Plots in both experiments were artificially infested with equivalent numbers of H. glycines cysts. In one experiment, plots were left noninfested or received aggregated or uniform infestation, and a susceptible soybean cultivar was grown for 3 years. By the end of the first growing season and through the second, H. glycines population densities were consistently greater (P ≤ 0.05) in uniformly infested plots than in plots with aggregated infestations. No differences in soybean yield among the treatments were detected. In a second experiment, a 1-m2 area of each plot was infested with H. glycines cysts, susceptible soybeans were grown for four seasons, and crop residue was managed with either ridge-, conventional-, reduced-, or no-tillage. After 1 year, nematode population densities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in no- and ridge-tillage treatments. After 2 years, H. glycines had been disseminated 6.9 m from the infestation site in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments but only 0.5 and 1.4 m for no-tillage and ridge-tillage treatments, respectively. After 3 years, H. glycines population densities were 10 times greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in the no-tillage treatment; conventional-tillage was the only treatment with yield significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the noninfested control. Aggregation of H. glycines eggs was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in no- and ridge-tillage treatments than in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments. Results indicate tillage can quickly disseminate H. glycines in newly infested fields, facilitating more rapid nematode reproduction and subsequent yield loss.

The effect of time and rate of N application on the yield and N uptake of wheat, barley, flax and four cultivars of rapeseed

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Nuttall ◽  
S. S. Malhi
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Brassica Campestris ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
N Application ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L ◽  
Nitrate Fertilizer

Field experiments were conducted for 3 yr on a Black Chernozemic soil at Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the yield response and N uptake of seven crop/cultivars to autumn and spring applied N. The crop/cultivars were, rapeseed (Brassica napus L. 'Midas' and 'Target'; Brassica campestris L. 'Torch' and 'Echo'); wheat (Triticum aestivum L. 'Manitou'); barley (Hordeum vulgare L. 'Conquest') and flax (Linum usitatissimum L. 'Noralta') (main plots). Ammonium nitrate fertilizer treatments consisted of three rates of autumn broadcast N, 0, 34 and 67 kg N ha−1 (subplots), combined with N at 0, 11, 22, 45, 67 and 134 kg N ha−1 side-banded with seed in the spring (subsubplots). At the 67 kg N ha−1 rate, autumn application was inferior to spring application in increasing grain yield and N uptake for three of the seven crops (Torch and Echo rapeseed and Manitou wheat). Nitrogen fertilizer applied at 134 kg N ha−1 in spring produced grain yields that were not significantly higher than the split application of 67 kg N ha−1 applied in autumn and 67 kg N ha−1 applied in spring. All crops responded to spring applied N and continued to increase in yield up to the high rates of 67 or 134 kg N ha−1. Key words: Time of N application, N, crops, cultivars

scholarly journals Germination, Growth and Yield Performance of Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) Under Gamma Irradiation Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ali ◽  
Z. Muhammad ◽  
R. Ullah ◽  
A. Majeed ◽  
N. Inayat
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Radiation Doses ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum L

Abstract Gamma irradiation is a widely manipulated mutation breeding approach in agriculture for producing crops with desired agronomic traits. The technique is particularly advantageous to conventional breeding methods because of minimal labor and time requirement. Under laboratory and field experiments during 2013, seeds of Linum usitatissimum L. were irradiated with 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28 and 32 krad of gamma irradiation doses from Co-60 source for evaluating their effects on germination, seedling survival, radicle and plumule lengths, vegetative growth and productivity. It was noted that radiation doses caused significant changes in the studied traits of test plant. Germination, radicle and plumule lengths in lab study while shoot length, number of leaves and leaf area, number of fruits plant−1, number of seeds fruit−1, husk weight fruit−1, number of branches plant−1, fresh and dry biomass and moisture content of shoots under pot culture varied significantly under the applied radiation stress. In general, radiation doses up to 8 kr had stimulatory effects on the studied parameters while doses exceeding 8 kr negatively influenced germination, growth and productive attributes of flax. Results observed both stimulatory and inhibitory effects of the irradiation doses. The study suggests that radiation doses above 32 krad induced lethal effects on general growth of flax.

EFFECTS OF ’VOLUNTEER’ WHEAT AND BARLEY ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RAPESEED

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 445-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE MARSHALL ◽  
IAN N. MORRISON ◽  
LYLE FRIESEN ◽  
WESLEY ROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Linear Regression Coefficient ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Intermediate Density

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 to determine the effects of increasing densities (0–60 plants m−2) of ’volunteer’ wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ’Neepawa’) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. ’Bonanza’) on the growth and seed yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L. ’Regent’). The results were plotted using linear regression analysis and described by the equation[Formula: see text]where y = biomass or yield (g m−2); b0 = intercept; b1 = linear regression coefficient and x1 = density of ’volunteer’ plants m−2. From the results obtained in 1982 and 1983, ’volunteer’ wheat interference reduced rapeseed yields as described by the equations[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]respectively. Similarly, the reduction in rapeseed yield in the two years caused by ’volunteer’ barley was described by the equations[Formula: see text]and[Formula: see text]Thus, an intermediate density of 30 ’volunteer’ wheat plants reduced the yield of rapeseed by approximately 17% in both years; whereas, an equivalent density of ’volunteer’ barley plants reduced rapeseed yields by approximately 27% in 1982 and 35% in 1983.Key words: Competition, rapeseed, volunteer, wheat, barley, yield loss

KIH-485 and S-metolachlor Efficacy Comparisons in Conventional and No-Tillage Corn

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
John C. Frihauf
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Green Foxtail

Field experiments were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to compare the effectiveness of KIH-485 and S-metolachlor for PRE weed control in no-tillage and conventional-tillage corn. Longspine sandbur control increased as KIH-485 or S-metolachlor rates increased in conventional-tillage corn, but control did not exceed 75% when averaged over experiments. Both herbicides controlled at least 87% of green foxtail with the exception of no-tillage corn in 2004, when KIH-485 was more effective than S-metolachlor at lower rates. Palmer amaranth control ranged from 85 to 100% in 2003 and 80 to 100% in 2004, with the exception of only 57 to 76% control at the lowest two S-metolachlor rates in 2004. Puncturevine control exceeded 94% with all treatments in 2003. In 2004, KIH-485 controlled 86 to 96% of the puncturevine, whereas S-metolachlor controlled only 70 to 81%. Mixtures of atrazine with KIH-485 or S-metolachlor generally provided the most effective control of broadleaf weeds studied.

Comparison of soil CO2 emissions from three different tillage methods on chernozem soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márton Dencső ◽  
Ágota Horel ◽  
Zsófia Bakacsi ◽  
Eszter Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tillage Methods

<p>Tillage practices influence soil CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, hence many research investigate the long-term effects of conservation and conventional tillage methods e.g. ploughing and no-tillage on soil greenhouse gas emission.</p><p>The experiment site is an 18-years-old long-term tillage trial established on chernozem soil. During 2020, we took weekly CO<sub>2 </sub>emission measurements in the mouldboard ploughing (MP), no-tillage (NT), and shallow cultivation (SC) treatments Tillage depth was 26-30 cm, 12-16 cm and 0 cm in the cases of MP, SC and NT respectively. The experiment was under wither oat cultivation.</p><p>We investigated the similarity in the CO<sub>2</sub> emission trends of SC to MP or NT treatments. Besides CO<sub>2</sub> emission measurements, we also monitored environmental parameters such as soil temperature (Ts) and soil water content (SWC) in each treatment.</p><p>During the investigated year (2020 January - December) SC had higher annual mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission (0.115±0.083 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) compared to MP (0.099±0.089 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>) and lower compared to NT (0.119±0.100 mg m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>). The difference of the CO<sub>2</sub> emissions was significant between SC and MP (p<0.05); however, it was not significant between SC and NT (p>0.05) treatments. The Ts dependency of CO<sub>2</sub> emission was moderate in all treatments. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were moderately depended on SWC in MP and SC, and there was no correlation between these parameters in NT.</p><p>The annual mean CO<sub>2</sub> emission of the SC treatment was more similar to the NT, than to the MP treatment.</p>

Comparison of Application Methods and Tillage Practices on Volatilization of Clomazone

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt D. Thelen ◽  
James J. Kells ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Field Trials ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Surface Application ◽  
Application Methods

Field trials were conducted in 1985 and 1986 to determine the effect of incorporation on volatilization of clomazone from soil. Volatilization was detected up to 2 weeks after surface-applied or soil-incorporated treatments of clomazone at 1.1 kg ai/ha. The amount of volatilization detected was greatest following rainfall and varied between years. More clomazone volatilized after surface application than after incorporation, regardless of the climatic conditions present. Clomazone volatilization detected was in the order of no-tillage > minimum tillage > conventional tillage.

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