Selection of promising apple genotypes for columnar growth habit and scab resistance using diagnostic DNA markers

One of the approaches to intensify horticulture is to introduce cultivars with an unusual canopy into commercial production. Such plants can be columnar Apple trees. In modern breeding, there is a trend to create cultivars with a compact canopy. In such orchards, it is reduced to a minimum the cost for pruning, harvesting, and protection against pest and disease, which are the main expenses in apple orchards with a traditional canopy. The use of molecular markers linked to columnar growth habit allows us to identify a physiological sign at an early stage of growth: in the juvenile period. The assessment of apple cultivars and hybrids was carried out at the I. V. Michurin Federal Scientific Centre in 2015-2018. Four markers were used in the research: Mdo. chr 10.12, C18470-25831, 29f1, and jwlr to identify plants with the columnar growth habit gene (Co). The use of various DNA markers made it possible to establish that not all of them are well linked to the Co gene. In the research process, primers were identified for markers 29f1 and jwlr, which reliably allowed us to identify plants with columnar growth habit at the juvenile stage, which will significantly reduce the breeding process.

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Molecular Markers for the Scab Resistance (Vf) Region in Apple

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.123.6.992 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 123 (6) ◽

pp. 992-996 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Minou Hemmat ◽

Norman F. Weeden ◽

Herb S. Aldwinckle ◽

Susan K. Brown

Keyword(s):

Rapd Markers ◽

Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽

Venturia Inaequalis ◽

Apple Scab ◽

Scab Resistance ◽

Resistant Plant ◽

Tight Linkage ◽

Test Population ◽

Rate Selection ◽

Selection Of

Bulked segregant analysis was used to identify RAPD markers that display tight linkage to the Vf gene in apple (Malus sp.) that confers resistance to five races of apple scab [Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.]. We identified several new RAPD markers linked to Vf. The most tightly linked marker in the test population, S52500, was cloned and sequenced. A linkage map of the Vf region was developed using these markers, RAPD markers previously described by other laboratories, and the isozyme locus Pgm-1. An assay was developed for Vf by multiplexing the two markers closely flanking the Vf locus. This assay has a theoretical `escape' value (discarding a resistant plant) of 3% and an error rate (selection of a susceptible plant) of 0.02%.

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Using scab resistant donors in apple breeding

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/10566-pps ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽

pp. 600-603

Author(s):

B. Gelvonauskis ◽

D. Gelvonauskienė

Keyword(s):

Combining Ability ◽

Apple Scab ◽

General Combining Ability ◽

Scab Resistance ◽

Mean Square ◽

Genetic Progress ◽

Apple Cultivars ◽

The Mean ◽

Half Diallel ◽

Selection Of

Apple cultivars were crossed according to the half-diallel and topcross mating design. Apple scab resistance of seedlings was estimated by using a 0–5 scale: 0 – no infection on leaves, 5 – more than 75% of leaf area infected. Percentage of scab resistant seedlings in crosses involving cultivars Prima varied from 35.8% to 67.6%, involving cultivars Florina and Arbat – 51.9–59.5% and 53.5–72.5%, respectively. Significant differences for resistance to scab were found among the crosses. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were highly significant. The significance of GCA for scab resistance shows that genetic variability exists for this trait and selection should result in genetic progress, because the mean square for GCA was larger than that calculated for SCA. Therefore, selection of parents on its phenotype should be effective for development of resistant apple cultivars. The significant SCA estimates indicate that a large number of resistant seedlings from particular crosses should be selected.

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Multi‐trait Selection of Pumpkin Genotypes Aimed at Reducing the Growth Habit and Improving Seed Production

Crop Science ◽

10.1002/csc2.20386 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rebeca Lourenço Oliveira ◽

Ronaldo Silva Gomes ◽

Cleverson Freitas Almeida ◽

Ronaldo Machado Júnior ◽

João Romero A. S. de C. Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Selection Of

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Systematic Evaluation of Landrace Tea Populations in Northern Sichuan, China, Based on Morphology, DNA Markers, and Biochemistry Analyses

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci13116-18 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 1095-1101

Author(s):

Li-Qiang Tan ◽

Xin-Yu Wang ◽

Hui Li ◽

Guan-Qun Liu ◽

Yao Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Markers ◽

Gene Diversity ◽

Germplasm Conservation ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Systematic Evaluation ◽

Total Amino Acid ◽

Wide Range ◽

High Level ◽

Selection Of

Landrace tea populations are important recourses for germplasm conservation and selection of elite tea clone cultivars. To understand their genetic diversity and use them effectively for breeding, two traditional landrace tea populations, Beichuan Taizicha (BCTZ) and Nanjiang Dayecha (NJDY), localized to northern Sichuan, were evaluated for morphological characters, simple sequence repeat (SSR)–based DNA markers and the contents of biochemical components. A wide range of morphological variation and a moderately high level of DNA polymorphism were observed from both BCTZ and NJDY. NJDY had on average, bigger leaves, larger flowers, higher total catechins (TCs), and greater gene diversity (GD) than BCTZ. Interestingly, samples from BCTZ had a wide range in the ratio of galloylated catechins to nongalloylated catechins (G/NG) (1.83–8.12, cv = 48.8%), whereas samples from NJDY were more variable in total amino acid (TAA) content (25.3–50.8 mg·g−1 dry weight) than those from BCTZ. We concluded that the two Camellia sinensis landrace populations are of great interest for both individual selection breeding and scientific studies.

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Fine mapping ofCo, a gene controlling columnar growth habit located on apple (Malus×domesticaBorkh.) linkage group 10

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0523.2012.01985.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 131 (5) ◽

pp. 641-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Shigeki Moriya ◽

Kazuma Okada ◽

Takashi Haji ◽

Toshiya Yamamoto ◽

Kazuyuki Abe

Keyword(s):

Linkage Group ◽

Fine Mapping ◽

Growth Habit ◽

Columnar Growth ◽

Group 10

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Monte Carlo Atomistic Simulation of Polycrystalline Aluminum Deposition

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-514-127 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 514 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. Emiliano Rubio ◽

Martín Jaraíz ◽

Luis A. BaiIón ◽

Juan Barbolla ◽

M José López ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Atomistic Simulation ◽

Thin Film Deposition ◽

Film Deposition ◽

Polycrystalline Thin Film ◽

Columnar Growth ◽

Polycrystalline Aluminum ◽

Different Temperatures ◽

Aluminum Deposition ◽

Selection Of

ABSTRACTA new atomistic scheme for simulating polycrystalline thin film deposition based on a Monte Carlo approach has been developed. Simulations of polycrystalline aluminum deposition and annealing at different temperatures are presented. The time evolution of the film morphology for those temperatures is discussed. During deposition, columnar growth is observed at low temperatures. Grain growth takes place mainly during annealing. Faceting and selection of preferred crystal orientations (texture) is observed.

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