Development of Clusters in Poland

Similar recent history (former communist economies), geographical position (central Europe), relatively small size (except Poland), political systems (parliamentary democracies) and EU membership define Visegrad countries as the perfect group to compare with Slovenia. When we analyse the stock of inward foreign direct investments (IFDI) in comparison to GDP in Slovenia and all Visegrad countries, noticeable differences appear. With 30.5% (December 2016) the stock of IFDI in Slovenia was much lower than the comparable data for Poland (39.4%), Slovakia (48.8%), Czech Republic (60.0%) and Hungary (64.3%). Also the trend of the IFDI share of GDP shows that the differences between Slovenia and Visegrad countries will not diminish noticeably in the forthcoming years. We try to verify whether the explanation of this phenomenon can be realized with the help of well-known cross-cultural models. In other words, is there a country-specific cultural dimension which influences whether Slovenia receives less IFDI than the Visegrad countries? In what ways is this dimension an influence on Slovenia receiving less IFDI? We conclude that the lack of IFDI has to be attributed to Slovenian particularities rather than significant cross-cultural differences when compared to Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic and Slovakia.

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What Are Friends for in Russia Versus Canada?: An Approach for Documenting Cross-Cultural Differences

Cross-Cultural Research ◽

10.1177/10693971211024599 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106939712110245

Author(s):

Marina M. Doucerain ◽

Andrew G. Ryder ◽

Catherine E. Amiot

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Interpersonal Relationships ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Group Membership ◽

Cultural Models ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Group ◽

Mental Maps ◽

Cross Cultural Differences

Most research on friendship has been grounded in Western cultural worlds, a bias that needs to be addressed. To that end, we propose a methodological roadmap to translate linguistic/anthropological work into quantitative psychological cross-cultural investigations of friendship, and showcase its implementation in Russia and Canada. Adopting an intersubjective perspective on culture, we assessed cultural models of friendship in three inter-related ways: by (1) deriving people’s mental maps of close interpersonal relationships; (2) examining the factor structure of friendship; and (3) predicting cultural group membership from a given person’s friendship model. Two studies of Russians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 195; Study 2b, n = 232) and Canadians (Study 1, n = 89; Study 2a, n = 164; Study 2b, n = 199) implemented this approach. The notions of trust and help in adversity emerged as defining features of friendship in Russia but were less clearly present in Canada. Different friendship models seem to be prevalent in these two cultural worlds. The roadmap described in the current research documents these varying intersubjective representations, showcasing an approach that is portable across contexts (rather than limited to a specific cross-cultural contrast) and relies on well-established methods (i.e., easily accessible in many research contexts).

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Cultural dimension of individualism and collectivism and its perceptual and cognitive correlates in cross-cultural research

Journal of Education Culture and Society ◽

10.15503/jecs20152.210.225 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 210-225

Author(s):

Jiří Čeněk

Keyword(s):

Cultural Psychology ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Dimension ◽

Short Report ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Cognitive Correlates ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Research ◽

Research Designs ◽

Different Cultures

This paper reviews the current findings on the dimension of individualism/collectivism, which might be a useful tool for the comparison of different cultures and for the investigation of the effect of culture as a psychological concept on individual mental processes. The validity and reliability of the concept of the dimension of individualism/collectivism is discussed. The related theory of analytic and holistic thinking is introduced within a framework of extensive comparative research in the field of cross-cultural psychology. Several interesting research designs on cross-cultural differences in cognition and perception are described. The empirical part contains a short report of research conducted on a sample (N=92) of Czech and Czech Vietnamese university students using a scale of horizontal and vertical individualism/collectivism (Bartoš, 2010). The results do not fully support the traditional view of individualistic Europeans and collectivistic Asians.

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Exploring Cross-Cultural Differences In Social Knowledge Creation And Exchange: A Preliminary Examination

International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) ◽

10.19030/ijmis.v15i1.1600 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Author(s):

John Girard ◽

Andy Bertsch

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Knowledge Creation ◽

Cultural Models ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Dimensions ◽

Social Knowledge ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Cultural Research ◽

The Social

This paper chronicles an exploratory, in-progress research project that compares the findings of Hofstede’s cross-cultural research with those of Forrester’s Social Technographics research. The aim of the project is to determine if a relationship exists between cultural differences and social knowledge creation and exchange. Part one of the study mapped Davenport and Prusak’s information and knowledge creation theories to the six components of Forrester’s Social Technographics study (creators, critics, collectors, joiners, spectators, and inactives). Next, the Social Technographics results from 13 nations were compared with Hofstede’s four cultural dimensions (power distance, individualism, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity). The analysis included exploring the relationship visually using 24 scatter diagrams, running correlation coefficients (Peasson’s r) for each relationship, testing for significance of Pearson’s r, and finally conducting regression analyses on each relationship. Although the authors believe that culture influences behaviours, this study did not reveal any reasonable relationships between culture and placement along the Social Technographics. However, it is possible that there exists problems in the Hofstede scales. The Hofstede scales have been highly criticized in the literature. It may be that other cross-cultural models such as GLOBE, Schwartz, Triandis, or others may yield different results. In this regard, further research is necessary. The next phase of the project will compare Social Technographics with the GLOBE project findings.

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Weighing Up Physical Causes: Effects of Culture, Linguistic Cues and Content

Journal of Cognition and Culture ◽

10.1163/156770909x12518536414493 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 9 (3-4) ◽

pp. 347-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jie Song ◽

Andrea Bender ◽

Sieghard Beller

Keyword(s):

Cultural Differences ◽

Causal Attribution ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Dimension ◽

Physical Interaction ◽

Social Domain ◽

Specific Content ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

The Social ◽

Linguistic Cues

AbstractCross-cultural differences in cognition are often related to one single cultural dimension. Whether this suffices even for simple tasks is examined in the context of causal attribution. Culture-specific attribution biases are well-established for the social domain, but under dispute for the physical domain. In order to identify and assess possible impacts on assigning physical causation, we conducted a cross-cultural experiment with participants from Germany, China and Tonga (n = 377). Participants were required to identify which of two entities is the ultimate cause for a physical interaction that was varied with regard to linguistic cues and content. Our data reveal overall cultural differences in attribution tendencies analogous to those in the social domain, but also an impact of linguistic cues and of the task-specific content.

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A Comparison of Depression and Anxiety among University Students in Nine Countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132882 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2882

Author(s):

Dominika Ochnik ◽

Aleksandra M. Rogowska ◽

Cezary Kuśnierz ◽

Monika Jakubiak ◽

Astrid Schütz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Czech Republic ◽

University Students ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cultural Perspective ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Patient Health

The mental health of young adults, particularly students, is at high risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study was to examine differences in mental health between university students in nine countries during the pandemic. The study encompassed 2349 university students (69% female) from Colombia, the Czech Republic (Czechia), Germany, Israel, Poland, Russia, Slovenia, Turkey, and Ukraine. Participants underwent the following tests: Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Exposure to COVID-19 (EC-19), Perceived Impact of Coronavirus (PIC) on students’ well-being, Physical Activity (PA), and General Self-Reported Health (GSRH). The one-way ANOVA showed significant differences between countries. The highest depression and anxiety risk occurred in Turkey, the lowest depression in the Czech Republic and the lowest anxiety in Germany. The χ2 independence test showed that EC-19, PIC, and GSRH were associated with anxiety and depression in most of the countries, whereas PA was associated in less than half of the countries. Logistic regression showed distinct risk factors for each country. Gender and EC-19 were the most frequent predictors of depression and anxiety across the countries. The role of gender and PA for depression and anxiety is not universal and depends on cross-cultural differences. Students’ mental health should be addressed from a cross-cultural perspective.

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Cross Cultural Differences on the Facts on Ageing Quiz

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x00009636 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 357-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

James C. Romeis ◽

Marvin B. Sussman

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Cultural Dimension ◽

Reliable Measure ◽

Age Bias ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Normative Expectations

ABSTRACTThis report, using the ‘Facts on Ageing Quiz’ developed by Erdman Palmore as a measure, compares responses from US (N=206) and Japan (N=591) samples, thus adding a cross cultural dimension to the literature on age bias measurement. The scale taps for ‘facts’ and indirectly obtains evaluations of stereotypes and attitudes. The data indicate the FAQ is a reliable measure but the validity of the measure's age bias dimension is more complex than previously indicated. Contrary to normative expectations, the Japanese responses indicate a negative age bias that has implications for social norms which affect Japan's elderly.

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Cognitive gadgets: A provocative but flawed manifesto

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19001134 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marco Del Giudice

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Mind ◽

Cultural Differences ◽

Twin Studies ◽

Cross Cultural ◽

Evolutionary Approach ◽

Genetic Inheritance ◽

Double Standards ◽

Cross Cultural Differences ◽

Cherry Picking ◽

Dichotomous Thinking

Abstract The argument against innatism at the heart of Cognitive Gadgets is provocative but premature, and is vitiated by dichotomous thinking, interpretive double standards, and evidence cherry-picking. I illustrate my criticism by addressing the heritability of imitation and mindreading, the relevance of twin studies, and the meaning of cross-cultural differences in theory of mind development. Reaching an integrative understanding of genetic inheritance, plasticity, and learning is a formidable task that demands a more nuanced evolutionary approach.

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