scholarly journals The Necessity of Legal Typologies in Crisis and Emergency

2021 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
Tormod Otter Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Legal Responses ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Complex Phenomena

Legal analysis necessarily uses concepts, distinctions and typologies. These tools suffer challenges when the object of analysis or application is a crisis or emergency. The article looks into two examples of legal typologies of emergencies in the works of Gross and Ní Aiolaín and Agamben respectively. Based on this four levels of analysis for legal responses to emergencies is proposed: 1) explicit descriptions of actions by actors themselves, 2) positivist legal categories available in the context, 3) meta/comparative categories, and 4) philosophical/ontological concepts and categories that question or inquire into all the previous categories. The article concludes by discussing how these levels of analysis overlaps, merge and needs to be combined in order to grasp the complex phenomena of law in crisis.

scholarly journals Futures Narratives, Possible Worlds, Big Stories: Causal Layered Analysis and the Problems of Youth

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 231-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cate Watson
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Possible Worlds ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Causal Layered Analysis ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Alternative Scenarios ◽  
Causal Variables

Narratives of the future can be seen as a form of colonialisation, structuring fields of discourse, in a process which Johan Galtung (cited in Andersson, 2006) refers to as ‘chronological imperialism’. However, futures narratives can also be used to disrupt these attempts at colonialisation through surfacing problematic assumptions in order to explore alternative scenarios. In this paper I first consider modal narratives and possible worlds and their relevance to the social sciences. I then discuss Sohail Inayatullah's ‘Causal Layered Analysis’ (CLA) - a narrative technique for constructing past and present and imagining the future. CLA draws on a ‘poststructural toolbox’ to examine problematic issues using a process which focuses on four levels of analysis: litany (the official public description of the issue); social science analysis (which attempts to articulate causal variables); discourse analysis or prevailing worldview; and myth/metaphor analysis. The aim is to disrupt current discourses which have become sedimented into practice and so open up space for the construction of alternative scenarios. In the third part I demonstrate how this approach can be used to examine ‘big issues’ taking as my example the current preoccupation with troubled and troublesome youth.

scholarly journals The Convergence Theory on ICT, Society and Human Beings – towards the Good ICT society

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192
Author(s):  
Gunilla Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Convergence Model

The convergence model illustrates ongoing changes in the Net Society. However the theoretical model goes back and synthesises the theoretical framework in research on psychosocial work environment and computerization. Interdisciplinary research programs were initiated by the author in the 70th and then analyzed changes in society related to various periods in “the history” of ICT. The description of the convergence model is structured with reference to the concepts Globalization, ICT, Life Environment, Life Role, Effects on Humans. Both Convergence and Interactions are important features in the model.  There are four levels of analysis – individual, organisational, community, and societal.

scholarly journals The Convergence Theory on ICT, Society and Human Beings – towards the Good ICT society

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunilla Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Convergence Model

The convergence model illustrates ongoing changes in the Net Society. However the theoretical model goes back and synthesises the theoretical framework in research on psychosocial work environment and computerization. Interdisciplinary research programs were initiated by the author in the 70th and then analyzed changes in society related to various periods in “the history” of ICT. The description of the convergence model is structured with reference to the concepts Globalization, ICT, Life Environment, Life Role, Effects on Humans. Both Convergence and Interactions are important features in the model.  There are four levels of analysis – individual, organisational, community, and societal.

When is enough enough? The integration of competing scientific agendas

2002 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
Jozsef A. Toth
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Science ◽  
The Other ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Imagery Debate ◽  
Four Levels

This commentary asks the reader to examine Pylyshyn's target article and the imagery debate at four levels of analysis – institutional, programmatic, empirical, and individual. It is proposed that the debate follows somewhat generic patterns of discourse at all four levels, but the discourse associated with one side of the debate may or may not be expressible and evaluated in terms of the other. The different sides of the debate might better serve cognitive science if they proceed as separate research programs in their respective sub-disciplines. A more inclusive program could result, however, if the opposing approaches could somehow unite.

The Convergence Theory on ICT and Psychosocial Life Environment

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-27
Author(s):  
Gunilla Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Convergence Theory ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Convergence Model

The convergence model illustrates ongoing changes in the Net Society. However the theoretical model goes back and synthesises the theoretical framework in the author’s research on psychosocial work environment and computerization. Interdisciplinary research programs were initiated by the author in the 70s and then analyzed changes in society related to various periods in “the history” of ICT. The description of the convergence model is structured with reference to the concepts Globalization, ICT, Life Environment, Life Role, Effects on Humans. Both Convergence and Interactions are important features in the model as well as the four levels of analysis – individual, organisational, community, and societal.

scholarly journals Testing for constituents: A response from Functional Discourse Grammar

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Lachlan Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Grammatical Analysis ◽  
Discourse Grammar ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Discussion Note

Timothy Osborne has surveyed a very large number of published introductions to grammatical analysis, all of which share the assumption that syntactic argumentation is to be conducted without reference to the meanings, uses and contexts of the example sentences. The purpose of Osborne’s article is to examine how well syntactic tests identify subphrasal strings as constituents. The aim of this discussion note is not to engage directly with this issue but to consider, from the viewpoint of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG), the validity of the autonomous syntax assumption shared by Osborne and the authors whose work he considers. The note dwells on the hidden presence of functional and interactive notions in a methodology based on syntactic ‘tests’ and it is suggested that the difficulties encountered by that methodology (notably with regard to coordination) can be resolved insightfully by FDG with its four levels of analysis.

scholarly journals Competencia, pluralismo y diversidad: integración en un modelo de pluralidad mediática

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-115
Author(s):  
Juan-Pablo Artero
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Precise Meaning ◽  
The Media ◽  
Four Levels

This research reviews relevant definitions, causes, and results on competition, pluralism, and diversity as concepts applied to the media industry, which have tended to be studied in a parallel but isolated way. A Media Plurality Model is thus proposed to integrate the mentioned notions and be applied at four levels of analysis: environments, competitors, contents, and audiences. The notion of media plurality is not intended to substitute competition, pluralism, and diversity but rather to integrate them and give them more precise meaning. Consequently, it is understood that their basic domains are economic, institutional, and cultural, respectively. Resumen Esta investigación revisa las definiciones, causas y resultados relevantes sobre la competencia, el pluralismo y la diversidad como conceptos aplicados a la industria de la comunicación. Han tendido a ser estudiados de una manera paralela, pero aislada. Por ello, se propone un Modelo de Pluralidad Mediática, que integra las nociones anteriores y que se aplica en cuatro niveles de análisis: entornos, competidores, contenidos y audiencias. La noción de pluralidad mediática no pretende sustituir a las de competencia, pluralismo y diversidad, sino integrarlas y dotarlas de un significado más preciso. Se entiende, por tanto, que sus dominios básicos son respectivamente el económico, el institucional y el cultural.

Social Functions of Emotions at Four Levels of Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 505-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dacher Keltner ◽  
Jonathan Haidt
Keyword(s):  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Four Levels

scholarly journals Sex, Sin and Marriage: Feminists in Patriarchal Culture, Religious Values and the Struggle for the Equality

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 861
Author(s):  
Dr. Nuriyati Samatan ◽  
. .
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
The Novel ◽  
State Regulations ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Patriarchal Culture ◽  
The World ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
The Church

Sex, Sin and Marriage: Feminists in Patriarchal Culture, Religious Values and the Struggle for the Equality, is a study conducted on the novel Eks Parasit Lajang by Justina Ayu Utami. The approach of this research is qualitative with Critical Analysis of Frankfrut School method through four levels of analysis: Totality, Awareness, Alienation and Criticism. The results of this study show that in the level of totality, Ayu Utami sees the problems experienced by character A as a problem that not only comes from herself, but also from her family who embrace Patriarchal culture, religious values, and also the values come from the society. In the level of Awareness, Ayu Utami sees that the world is constructed by men, and marriage as a mean of legitimizing power (patriarchal); in the level of Alienation, Ayu Utami is alienated from the concept of the church which is considered problematic; about herself and her sexual organs; about the values of women and marriage, until she decides to "take off the Cross's necklace" and ends up "deciding not to have any religion". In the Criticism level, Ayu Utami criticizes her religion’s "Holy Book", Patriarchal culture and also criticizes on the State regulations which she considers unfair especially in marriage arrangement as well as the society values which are considered confining and disadvantaging women, but not for men. 

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