scholarly journals Does Philosophy Require De-Transcendentalization? Habermas, Apel, and the Role of Transcendentals in Philosophical Discourse and Social-Scientific Explanation

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-30
Author(s):  
Anna Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Social Actions ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
Mutual Action ◽  
The Ideal

The heritage of transcendental philosophy, and more specifically its viability when it comes to the problematic of the philosophy of social sciences, has been a key point of dissensus between Jürgen Habermas and Karl-Otto Apel. Whereas Apel has explicitly aimed at a transcendental-pragmatic transformation of philosophy, Habermas has consequently insisted that his formal pragmatics, and the theory of communicative action which is erected upon it, radically de-transcendentalizes the subject. In a word, the disagreement concerns whether transcendental entities have any substantial role to play in philosophical discourse and social-scientific explanations. My aim is to reconstruct how Apel establishes a connection between transcendentals, qua the ideal communicative community and the possibility of non-objectifying self-reflection. As I shall demonstrate, the principles that transcendental pragmatics sees as underlying social actions are not to be understood in a strictly judicial way, as “supernorms.” Rather, they should be conceptualized and used as a means for action regulation and mutual action coordination. Against this backdrop, I show that the concept of the ideal community provides the necessary underpinnings for Habermas’ schema of validity claims and the project of reconstructive sciences.

Kommunikative Vernunft

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Christoph Demmerling ◽  
Hans-Peter Krüger
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Communicative Action ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Experiences ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Communicative Reason ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Jürgen Habermas explicates the concept of communicative reason. He explains the key assumptions of the philosophy of language and social theory associated with this concept. Also discussed is the category of life-world and the role of the body-mind difference for the consciousness of exclusivity in our access to subjective experience. as well as the role of emotions and perceptions in the context of a theory of communicative action. The question of the redemption of the various validity claims as they are associated with the performance of speech acts is related to processes of social learning and to the role of negative experiences. Finally the interview deals with the relationship between religion and reason and the importance of religion in modern, post-secular societies. Questions about the philosophical culture of our present times are discussed at the end of the conversation.

scholarly journals Allegorical Interpretation and Place of Myth in Plato

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 213-226
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wdowiak
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Discourse ◽  
Ideal State ◽  
Allegorical Interpretation ◽  
The Ideal

The paper raises the issue of allegorical interpretation, and its role and place in Plato’s philosophy. The first part of the paper shows the theoretical findings and explains the use of terms aίnigma, sýmbolon, hypónoia in Plato’s philosophy. The next part explores Plato’s attitude toward allegorical interpretation and the function of myth (mūthos) in his philosophy. Two important points are presented here regarding Plato’s critique. They serve as the criterion for the validation of myth in the ideal state: the role of myth in paideia and its relation to philosophical discourse.

On Becker’s Studies of Marijuana Use as an Example of Analytic Induction

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-566
Author(s):  
Martyn Hammersley
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Method ◽  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Social World ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Analytic Induction

Analytic induction (AI) is an interpretation of scientific method that emerged in early twentieth-century sociology and still has some influence today. Among the studies often cited as examples are Becker’s articles on marijuana use. While these have been given less attention than the work of Lindesmith on opiate addiction and Cressey on financial trust violation, Becker’s work has distinctive features. Furthermore, it raises some important and interesting issues that relate not only to AI but to social scientific explanation more generally. These concern, for example, the presence and nature of causal systems in the social world, the relationship between historical and generalizing approaches, the character and role of social scientific theories, and how they are generated. In this article Becker’s research is examined in detail, and these issues explored through comparisons with the work of Lindesmith and Cressey.

scholarly journals The Problem of Reflection in the Definition of Self

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
V.N. Sukhanov
Keyword(s):  
Philosophical Concept ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Social Nature ◽  
Human Ability ◽  
The Social ◽  
Points Of Coincidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Ideal

The article discusses the problem of reflection in the definition of personality in the context of the works of G.V.F. Hegel, I.G. Fichte, and F. T. Mikhailov. The identity of the origins of science and the origins of personality is revealed through the study of human activity. A historical excursion is conducted with an analysis of the discussion between L.S. Vygotsky and J. Piaget presented in the book «Thinking and Speech». It is shown that it was necessary for F.T. Mikhailov to refer to the Paleolithic era in his study of the essential human ability to perform appropriate self-regulated actions. The article reveals the connection between productive imagination and self-reflection. A critique of the reflection of everyday consciousness is given. The article shows the significance of Kant's third Antinomy of pure reason, which a person always faces when approaching the solution of his own Self. The article also explores the rationale for the development of human creative abilities. It outlines the role of E.V. Ilyenkov’s philosophical concept of the ideal in understanding the nature of the human Self. The points of coincidence of ontogeny and phylogeny in the formation of personality are defined. The article concludes that the social nature of the individual depends on the reflective attitude in the process of object-transformative activity. The issue of subjective understanding of reality through practice is considered.

COMMITMENT AS MOTIVATION: AMARTYA SEN’S THEORY OF AGENCY AND THE EXPLANATION OF BEHAVIOUR

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E. Cudd
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Explanation ◽  
Philosophical Theory ◽  
Descriptive Theory ◽  
Social Scientific

This paper presents Sen's theory of agency, focusing on the role of commitment in this theory as both problematic and potentially illuminating. His account of some commitments as goal-displacing gives rise to a dilemma given the standard philosophical theory of agency.Eithercommitment-motivated actions are externally motivated, in which case they are not expressions of agency,orsuch actions are internally motivated, in which case the commitment is not goal-displacing. I resolve this dilemma and accommodate his view of commitment as motivation by developing a broader descriptive theory of agency, which recognizes both agent goal-directed and goal-displacing commitments. I propose a type of goal-displacing commitment, which I call ‘tacit commitment’, that can be seen to fit between the horns. Tacit commitments regulate behaviour without being made conscious and explicit. This resolution suggests a means of bridging the normative/descriptive gap in social-scientific explanation.

They think they find themselves: radical violence and narcissistic-identity suffering

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Brunet
Keyword(s):  
Lone Wolf ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Ideal Ego ◽  
Group Regression ◽  
The Ideal

This article proposes a model of individual violent radicalisation leading to acts of terrorism. After reviewing the role of group regression and the creation of group psychic apparatus, the article will examine how violent radicalisation, by the reversal of the importance of the superego and the ideal ego, serves to compensate the narcissistic identity suffering by “lone wolf” terrorists.

Mereka yang Tidak Dibayar Tinggi: Ibuisme, Taman Kanak-kanak, dan Kampung di Indramayu

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Mochammad Arief Wicaksono
Keyword(s):  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
New Order ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
Community Pressure ◽  
The Village ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Ideal

The ideology of state-ibuism has always been interwoven with how the New Order regime until nowadays government constructing the “ideal” role of women in the family and community through the PKK (Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga) organization. However, in Cangkring Village, Indramayu, the ideology of ibuism works not because of the massive government regulating the role of women through the PKK organization, but it is possible because of the structure of the kampung community itself. Through involved observations and in-depth interviews about a kindergarten in the village, a group of housewives who dedicated themselves to teaching in kindergarten were met without getting paid high. From these socio-cultural phenomenons, this paper will describe descriptively and analytically that housewives in the Cangkring village are willing to become kindergarten teachers because of their moral burden as part of the warga kampung and also from community pressure from people who want their children to be able to read and write.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis L. F Lee ◽  
Joseph M Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Media System ◽  
System P ◽  
Connective Action ◽  
Integrated Media ◽  
Media And Communication ◽  
The Ideal

Chapter 1 introduces the background of the Umbrella Movement, a protest movement that took hold in Hong Kong in 2014, and outlines the theoretical principles underlying the analysis of the role of media and communication in the occupation campaign. It explicates how the Umbrella Movement is similar to but also different from the ideal-typical networked social movement and crowd-enabled connective action. It explains why the Umbrella Movement should be seen as a case in which the logic of connective action intervenes into a planned collective action. It also introduces the notion of conditioned contingencies and the conceptualization of an integrated media system.

International Legal Thought

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kleinlein
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Critical Potential ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Legal Thought ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This contribution reflects on the role of tradition-building in international law, the implications of the recent ‘turn to history’ and the ‘presentisms’ discernible in the history of international legal thought. It first analyses how international legal thought created its own tradition in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. These projects of establishing a tradition implied a considerable amount of what historians would reject as ‘presentism’. Remarkably, critical scholars of our day and age who unsettled celebratory histories of international law and unveiled ‘colonial origins’ of international law were also criticized for committing the ‘sin of anachronism’. This contribution therefore examines the basis of this critique and defends ‘presentism’ in international legal thought. However, the ‘paradox of instrumentalism’ remains: The ‘better’ historical analysis becomes, the more it loses its critical potential for current international law. At best, the turn to history activates a potential of disciplinary self-reflection.

Music Teacher Evaluation

2019 ◽  
pp. 793-829
Author(s):  
Douglas C. Orzolek
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Evaluation ◽  
Music Teacher ◽  
American Education ◽  
Effective Teacher ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Evaluation Systems ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Music Teacher Evaluation

This chapter outlines the nature of music teacher evaluation found in existing and related literature and research. From these writings, there are an abundance of emergent themes that provide stakeholders with an opportunity to examine this topic and consider its application in their own settings. These themes include ideas related to the following: the intent of teacher evaluation; the role of teacher evaluation; what an effective teacher is; the importance of multifaceted evaluation systems; the place of student learning in the evaluative process; the various forms of evidence used to evaluate educators; the fact that research and practice should be intertwined in developing evaluation systems; the role of testing; the degree to which observation and self-reflection should be involved in teacher evaluation; the importance of clear and concise goals for learners; and the impact that systems of evaluation will have on the educators, schools, students, and American education as a whole. This chapter intends to allow stakeholders the opportunity to reflect on all of these issues and challenges.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document