The Effect of Spike Row Type on the Grain Yield and Grain Filling Parameters in Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Genotypes under Semi-arid Conditions

Background: Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is one of the more important cultivated crops in the Mediterranean region, where drought and high temperatures during the grain filling stage are the main abiotic stresses limiting its production. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the spike type on the grain yield, thousand kernels weight and some grain filling parameters.Methods: The present study was conducted on the experimental site of station ITGC in Setif, Algeria, eight Barley genotypes were tested during two cropping seasons (2017/2018 and 2018/2019) in a randomized block design with 3 replications.Result: The results proved significant effect of genotypes and spike types on the grain filling parameters, but no significant effect of spike type on the thousand kernels weight during the both cropping seasons. In addition, the spike type registered significant effect just during the second cropping season. Among the genotypes with 6 rows spike type the local genotype Fouarra have high grain yield (97.79 Q/ha) with a deviation of 37.57% from the total mean of the genotypes with 6 row spike type. Many studies proved that in 6-row barleys, the magnitude of contribution of grain number in grain yield was higher than contribution of grain weight. The grain growth of genotypes studied follows a sigmoid curve, during the first season (2017-2018) the duration of grain filling ranged between 24 days for Saida 183 and 28 days for Rihane 03, for the group of genotypes with 6 rows. In addition, the duration of grain filling for the 2 row genotypes varied from 24 days for G4 to 28 days for genotype G2. During the second season (2018-2019) and for the genotypes with 6 rows, the duration of the grain filling varied from 21 days for the Saida 183 and 26 days for the genotype Fouarra, for the genotypes with 2 rows the duration of grain filling ranged from 21 days for the genotype G2 to 26 days for the genotype G3. The correlation analysis between the grain filling parameters, GY and TKW demonstrate a significant and positive correlation between TKW and MGW and GFR (r = 0.82* and r = 0.84*, respectively). Overall, the genotype variation in grain filling velocity and duration was responsible for the difference in grain yield and the improvement in grain yield was achieved by the increasing in velocity or duration of grain filling.

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Evapotranspiration and grain yield of upland rice as affected by water deficit

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n5p441-446 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 441-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cleber M. Guimarães ◽

Luís F. Stone ◽

Ana C. de L. Silva

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Upland Rice ◽

Block Design ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Soil Water Storage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Rice Grain ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

The Difference ◽

Water Treatments

ABSTRACT To achieve an accurate phenotyping for drought tolerance, it is important to control water stress levels and timing. This study aimed to determine water use by upland rice plants during periods of irrigation withholding and its relationship with grain yield in order to increase the efficiency of this phenotyping. Two experiments were carried out in a randomized block design in which six water treatments (irrigation withholding for periods of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days) were compared, with four replicates. In the first experiment, treatments were applied at the R3 stage (panicle exsertion) and, in the second, at the R5 stage (beginning of grain filling). The amount of water evapotranspired was determined by the difference between the soil water storage at the beginning and at the end of irrigation withholding periods, from the surface to 80-cm depth. Evapotranspiration of upland rice from R3 stage was higher compared to that observed from R5 stage, when subjected to similar irrigation withholding periods in both growth stages. Rice grain yield is more sensitive to irrigation withholding imposed from R5 stage than from R3 stage.

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Evaluation of yield, yield components and nutritive value in intercropping of Barley with Vetch

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2021.8.2.871 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 373-379

Author(s):

Bijan Kahraryan ◽

Farhad Farahvash ◽

Soleyman Mohammadi ◽

Bahram Mirshekari ◽

Varharam Rashidi

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Yield Components ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Block Design ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Land Equivalent Ratio ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Cropping Seasons

To evaluate some agronomic properties and forage characteristics in the intercropping of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and vetch (Vicia ervilia L.), an experiment was conducted during 2014-2016 cropping seasons. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used. Intercropping patterns included 80% barley+ 20% vetch, 60% barley+ 40% vetch, 40% barley + 60% vetch and 20% barley + 80% vetch along with the sole culture of both crops (100% barley and100% vetch). The result showed that the highest value of plant height, grain number, thousand-grain weight, biological yield, grain yield and harvest in barley was observed from 80% barley + 20% vetch intercropping ratio, however, for vetch, it was detected from 100% vetch. Furthermore, the highest land equivalent ratio was obtained from 80% barley+ 20% vetch. Based on the results, the highest crude protein content and dry matter digestibility were observed in sole cropped vetch, whereas the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were recorded in sole cropped barley. These results suggested that intercropped barley and vetch as 80% barley + 20% vetch ameliorated the grain yield and yield components, and forage quality compared to other intercropping ratios.

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Barley response to seeding date in central Alberta

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/p02-049 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 275-281 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

P. E. Juskiw ◽

J. H. Helm

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Seeding Rate ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Vegetative Period ◽

Seeding Date ◽

The Mean ◽

Grain Filling Period

Seeding date is an important factor influencing productivity of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). When conditions are conducive to early seeding or result in delayed seeding, producers need to know how cultivars will respond to these seeding situations. In this study, five cultivars (Abee, Harrington, Jackson, Noble and Virden) registered for western Canada were studied for 4 yr (1990 to 1993) when seeded early (late April or early May), in mid-May, in late-May, or late (mid-June) at Lacombe, AB. For all cultivars, early seeding resulted in grain yield advantages of 113 to 134% of the mean site yield, while with late seeding, grain yields were reduced to 54 to 76% of the mean site yield. The reduction in yield was least for Jackson, the earliest maturing cultivar tested. Late seeding reduced the period from sowing to emergence, vegetative period, grain-filling period, time from emergence to physiological maturity, test weight, grain yield, kernel weight, and tillers per plant; and increased plant height and percent thins. Late seeding had no significant effect on phyllochron, stand establishment, scald, lodging, protein content of the grain, kernel number per spike, and spikelet number per spike. Barley responded positively to early seeding in central Alberta, but when seeding was delayed (in this study to mid-June) the early and mid-maturing six-rowed cultivars with short phyllochrons performed better than the two-rowed and late six-rowed cultivars. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., seeding rate, phenological development, grain quality, grain yield, components

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THE EFFECT OF MOWING DATES AND DIFFERENT NITROGEN LEVELS ON YIELD CHARACTERISTICS OF BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.)

PLANT ARCHIVES ◽

10.51470/plantarchives.2021.v21.no1.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (no 1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohammed Salim Talib ◽

Hasan Najim. Mansoor ◽

Hayder Hilal abbas AL-Khafaji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Winter Season ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Nitrogen Levels ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Green Fodder ◽

Biological Yield ◽

Nitrogen Percentage

A field experiment was carried out during the winter season 2014/2015 in one of the fields of Abi Gharq district, located 10 km west of the Babylon governorate. The randomized complete block design was used under split-plots arrangement with three replications. The main plots were included levels of nitrogen fertilizer (without fertilizer, 50, 100, 150 N, 200, 250 kg). while the sub-plots were included (without a mower, a mower after 45 days, a mower after 65 days, a mower after 85 days) after planting, The data were taken and analyzed according to the used design and the averages were tested according to the LSD test, and the results were summarized as follows: The date of mowing C1 (mower after 45 days of planting) was significantly higher by giving the highest average for the degree of fallowness and the index of harvest, and the percentage of nitrogen in the green fodder was 3.647, 37.63% and 1.837%, respectively. Treatment C0 (without mower) outperformed significantly by giving it the highest average of biological yield, grain yield and nitrogen percentage in grains, as it gave 15,114 tons. H-1 and 5.73 tons. H-1 and 1.242%, respectively The fertilizer level N5 (250 kg N. H-1) gave the highest average of the degree of lying, biological yield, grain yield, nitrogen percentage in green fodder and nitrogen content in grains, as it gave 3.854% and 7.571 tons. H-1 and 6.20 tons. % And 1.397%, respectively, We conclude from the results of the study that lack of without cutting to a significant increase in the degree of resting, biological yield and grain yield, and we conclude that the high levels of nitrogen led to a significant increase in the degree of lying, biological yield, grain yield, and the proportion of nitrogen in green fodder and grains

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Effect of phosphorus applied as monoammonium phosphate-coated polymers in corn culture under no-tillage system

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2018v39n1p99 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Marostica Lino ◽

Salatiér Buzetti ◽

Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽

Fernando Shintate Galindo ◽

Paulo Ricardo Maestrelo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Block Design ◽

Quadratic Function ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

No Tillage ◽

Monoammonium Phosphate ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tillage System ◽

Essential Nutrient ◽

Cropping Seasons

The use of phosphate fertilizers as coated polymers reduces phosphorus losses that occur by adsorption of P to soil particles, thereby providing this essential nutrient for a longer period. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of phosphorus doses applied as conventional monoammonium phosphate or as coated polymers on corn grown in a clayey Oxisol, in the Cerrado region. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria - MS, located at 22°22? S and 51°22? W. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial, with four doses of P2O5 (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1) and two sources of phosphorus (monoammonium phosphate (MAP) and monoammonium phosphate coated polymers). The experiment was conducted under no-tillage system during the cropping seasons in 2008/09 and 2009/10. The MAP and MAP-coated sources did not differ in most of the yield components in either of the two seasons. We found a quadratic function adjustment for P doses up to 117 and 98 kg ha-1 of P2O5 for P concentration in leaf tissue and grain yield in the 2008/2009 crop, respectively. We also obtained a quadratic function adjustment for P rates for grain yield and number of plants, up to 118 and 113 kg ha-1 of P2O5, respectively, in the 2009/2010 harvest.

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AADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA E INOCULAÇÃO COM Azospirillum brasilense EM CEVADA

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4611 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 01 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gustavo Ribeiro Barzotto ◽

Sebastião Ferreira Lima ◽

Osvaldir Feliciano Santos ◽

Gabriel Luiz Piati ◽

Carlos Roberto Wassolowski

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Azospirillum Brasilense ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Plant Production ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Productivity Gain ◽

Barley Grains

A cevada constitui uma importante cultura no Brasil devido, principalmente, a utilização de seu grão na produção de cervejas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da adubação nitrogenada e da inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense em cevada. O experimento foi instalado em campo, utilizando o delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial, sendo quatro doses de nitrogênio (0, 40, 80 e 120 kg ha-1) na presença ou ausência de inoculação de sementes com A. brasilense e três repetições. Foram avaliadas características de crescimento e massa seca de planta, componentes de produção, teor de N e produtividade de grãos. A maior produtividade de grãos foi alcançada com 66 kg ha-1 de N, sem a aplicação da bactéria. Concluiu-se que o uso de A. brasilense aumenta a produtividade de grãos de cevada na ausência da adubação nitrogenada, mas não suplanta o ganho de produtividade apenas com o uso do N em doses superiores. A severidade de B. sorokidiana foi favorecida com a aplicação de A. brasilense nas maiores doses de N. A inoculação com A. brasilense é uma alternativa viável para aumentar a produtividade de grãos de cevada, caso se opte pelo cultivo sem fertilização mineral nitrogenada.Palavra-chave: Hordeum vulgare, bactérias diazotróficas, malte. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION AND INOCULATION WITH AZOSPIRILLUM BRASILENSE IN BARLEY ABSTRACT:The barley is an important crop in Brazil, mainly due to the use of its grain in the production of beers. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of nitrogen fertilization and inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on barley. The experiment was carried out in the field, using a randomized block design in a factorial scheme, with four nitrogen doses (0, 40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1) in the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense and three replications. Growth characteristics and dry mass of the plant, production components, N content and grain yield were evaluated. The highest grain yield was achieved with 66 kg ha-1 of N, without application of the bacteria. It was concluded that the use of A. brasilense increases the yield of barley grains in the absence of nitrogen fertilization, but does not supplant the productivity gain only with the use of N in higher doses. The B. sorokidiana severity was favored by the application of A. brasilense in the highest N doses. The inoculation with A. brasilense is a viable alternative to increase the yield of barley grains, in case of cultivation without nitrogen fertilization.Keywords: Hordeum vulgare, diazotrophic bacteria, malt. DOI:

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Assessment of Genetic Variability and Transmissibility Index in Rice Genotypes (Oryza sativa L.)

International Journal of Plant & Soil Science ◽

10.9734/ijpss/2021/v33i1830573 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-42

Author(s):

Ashish Sheera ◽

Nashra Aftab ◽

Sandeep Rout ◽

Udit Nandan Mishra ◽

Bupesh Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variability ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Coefficient Of Variation ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Block Design ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Grain Filling ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Days To Maturity

Aim: To assess the Genetic Variability among the accession/ genotype and its contributing traits. Methodology: A field experiment was conducted using 35 genotypes including 2 checks of rice during the season of kharif, 2017, at the Field Experimental Centre, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh to evaluate genetic variation and heritability of yield and related traits. The experiment was designed with a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant difference among the genotypes for all traits indicating existence of genetic variability among the accessions. Results: Highest genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) were recorded for Spikelet’s per panicle, tillers per hill, panicle per hill and grain filling. High heritability in broad sense was obtained for days to 50% flowering (99.6%), days to maturity (98.7%), test weight (97.9%), harvest index (96.9%) and grain yield per hill (96.6%) which is indicating the high heritable portion of variation. High to medium estimate of heritability in genetic advance were obtained for grain yield (38.51), spikelet’s/ panicle (37.94), panicle/ hill (36.97) were indicating the roles of additive gene action and good scope of selection using their phenotype performance. Interpretation: Considering, all of these characters, spikelet’s per panicle, days to 50% flowering and days to maturity were important yield related traits and could be used for selection in future rice breeding programme.

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Effect of soil nutrients reserves and level of fertilisation on production parameters of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200654040091 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 91-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petr Škarpa

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Grain Yield ◽

Spring Barley ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Hordeum Vulgare L ◽

Grain Number ◽

The Third ◽

Production Parameters ◽

The Difference ◽

Different Doses

The effect of three different doses of basic fertilisers and a subsequent pre-sowing supplementary fertilisation on production parameters (yield of grain, number of spikes, and thousand grains weight) was evaluated using experimental data obtained within the framework of a one-year pot experiment with spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) established at the Department of Agrochemistry and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomy, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry Brno in 2003. Results of statistical analysis indicated that the yield of grain was significantly influenced by different doses of fertilisers especially on sandy soils. As compared with control, the second highest dose of fertilisers (i.e. 83 kg N, 31 kg P and 92 kg K.ha–1) increased the yield by 91.7 % and the third one (i.e. 113 kg N, 43 kg P and 125 kg K.ha–1) even by 124.8 %. This increase in the grain yield was positively affected above all by increasing doses of nitrogen fertilisers. A pre-sowing application of P, K and Mg showed also a positive effect on grain yield not only on sandy but above all on clay soils (as compared with non-fertilised control, this increase ranged from 40.6 to 50.2%). Fertilisation showed also a marked effect on the number of spikes. This factor showed a similar trend as the yield of grain. The thousand grains weight was not significantly influenced on both soil types. This value was increased (by 2.9% to 14.8%) after the application of fertilisers prior to sowing but the difference was statistically non-significant.

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Relationship between fruit traits of custard apple trees (Annona squamosa L.)

Revista CERES ◽

10.1590/s0034-737x2010000400006 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 476-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Keny Henrique Mariguele ◽

Paulo Sérgio Lima e Silva

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Fruit Yield ◽

Fruit Length ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Custard Apple ◽

Cropping Seasons ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

Number Of Seeds

The objective of this study was to estimate simple and partial coefficients of correlation, as well as to divide their effects into direct and indirect using path analysis for custard apple tree traits. Twenty half-sibling progenies were evaluated in a randomized block design with five replicates, and plots consisting of four plants. Six traits were evaluated in the first cropping season (mean number of seeds per fruit and mean weight of the pericarp, pulp, pedicel, seeds per fruit, and the whole fruit), while five traits were evaluated in the first three cropping seasons (mean fruit length and width, total number of fruits ha-1, mean fruit weight (in both types of analyses), and fruit yield in kg ha-1). The results of this work led to the conclusion that doing selection based on simple correlation estimates may not be convenient, since not always a cause and effect relationship can be verified between two traits. Positive correlations were obtained between number of seeds and seed weight, and between number of fruits and yield. The greatest direct effects were those obtained for pulp weight on fruit weight and for mean number and weight of fruits on fruit yield. The most important indirect effects were obtained for number of seeds and pericarp weight, obtained via pulp weight, on fruit weight, and for fruit length and width, obtained via mean fruit weight, on fruit yield.

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Sowing seasons and quality of soybean seeds

Scientia Agricola ◽

10.1590/s0103-90162003000200007 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 60 (2) ◽

pp. 245-252 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marizangela Rizzatti Ávila ◽

Alessandro de Lucca e Braccini ◽

Ivo de Sá Motta ◽

Carlos Alberto Scapim ◽

Maria do Carmo Lana Braccini

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Soybean Seed ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Cropping Season ◽

Sowing Dates ◽

Aging And Health ◽

Cropping Seasons

Considering the difficulties of producing high quality soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seeds during the traditional cropping period in some areas of the State of Paraná, Brazil, a research project was carried out with the objective of evaluating the influence of sowing dates on the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds, during the 1998/99 and 1999/00 cropping seasons, in Maringá, PR, Brazil. The experiment consisted of five cultivar competition assays, arranged in a completely randomized block design, with each assay sown at different dates (10/15, 10/30, 11/15, 11/30 and 12/15) for each cropping season. The evaluated cultivars were BRS 132 (early), BRS 133 (semi-early), BR 16 (semi-early), BRS 134 (intermediate) and FT- Estrela (late). Seeds obtained at the sowing dates were evaluated in the laboratory by germination, accelerated aging, and health tests. Sowing in November resulted in seeds with superior physiological and health quality. Cultivar BRS 133 showed the greatest stability in seed production with better quality for the different sowing dates. Cultivars BRS 134 and BRS 133, which were sown during the period from 10/15 to 11/30, produced seeds that had higher percentages of normal seedlings in the germination and accelerated aging tests. Advancing or delaying sowing dates had adverse effects on soybean seed production with regard to their sanitary quality.

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