scholarly journals Cytogenetic Characterisation of Nattukuttai - A Non-descript Cattle Population of Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ymberzal Koul ◽  
V. Harshini ◽  
S.M.K. Karthickeyan ◽  
K. Thilak Pon Jawahar ◽  
A. Gopinathan
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Cattle Population ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Morphological Index

Background: Nattukuttai is a small-sized cattle population, native to north-eastern districts of Tamil Nadu. In light of the ongoing research on genetic characterisation of cattle genetic resources of India, the present study was undertaken with the objective of cytogenetic characterisation of Nattukuttai cattle, which is imperative for its conservation and genetic implications to breeding programs. Methods: Blood samples from ten Nattukuttai cattle (five males and five females) were utilized to study the chromosome profile through short-term lymphocyte culture method. Good metaphase spreads were selected for estimation of the relative length, arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index. Result: The diploid number was 60. All the 29 pairs of autosomes and Y-chromosome were acrocentric while X-chromosome was sub-metacentric. The mean relative length of autosomes ranged from 5.24 ±0.08 to 1.90±0.06. X-chromosome was the largest in the karyotype (5.64±0.12), while the Y-chromosome was the smallest (1.85±0.03). The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index were 1.98±0.02, 0.33±0.03 and 4.06±0.4 respectively. The study revealed that the chromosome architecture of Nattukuttai cattle was similar to that of other breeds of Zebu cattle.

scholarly journals Profiling of Chromosomal Complement in Nandidurga Goats of Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavraj Inamdar ◽  
R. Nagaraja ◽  
H.M. Yathish ◽  
S. Naveen Kumar ◽  
G.S. Naveen Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Lymphocyte Culture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chromosomal Complement ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
The Mean

Background: To characterize the chromosomal complement of Nandidurga goats. Methods: Blood samples for short term lymphocyte culture were collected from 5 bucks and 5 does from its breeding tract and then mitotic chromosomal spreads were accomplished. Result: The diploid chromosome number was found to be 60, consisting of 58 acrocentric autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes (X and Y). The X chromosome was found to be the longest acrocentric and Y chromosome was found to be sub metacentric. The mean mitotic drive was 64.5±2.01 and 63.15±1.30 percent in bucks and does, respectively. The mean relative length of autosomes varied from 2.08±0.24 to 4.81±0.12 in does and 2.09±0.09 to 4.70±0.11in bucks. The relative length of X chromosome in does was 5.14±0.17 and that in bucks was 4.92±0.21, whereas Y chromosome had a relative length of 1.99±0.20. The mean Arms Ratio, Centromeric Index and Morphological Index were 2.47, 31.62 and 396.14, respectively. This cytogenetic analysis indicates the normal chromosomal complement in the studied Nandidurga goats.

Comparison of chromosomal architecture of Sahiwal and crossbred Sahiwal cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. V. Subramanyam ◽  
P. Jaya Laxmi ◽  
B. Punyakumari ◽  
A. V.N. Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Submetacentric Chromosome ◽  
Centromeric Index ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Y Chromosomes ◽  
Sahiwal Cattle ◽  
Morphological Index ◽  
Chromosomal Architecture

The karyological investigation using 16 purebred Sahiwal and 16 Jersey X Sahiwal cattle (8 males and 8 females of each genetic group) revealed the diploid chromosome number to be 60. All the 29 pairs of autosomes were acrocentric, while the X – chromosome was sub-metacentric in both the genetic groups. Acrocentric Y chromosome of Sahiwal differed from small submetacentric chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle in its morphology. The relative length of autosomes ranged from 1.74 ± 0.01 to 5.28 ± 0.02 in Sahiwal and from 1.72 ± 0.01 to 5.26 ± 0.02 in Jersey X Sahiwal crosses. X – Chromosome was the second largest chromosome in both the genetic groups. The contribution of X and Y chromosomes to the total genome were 5.07 and 1.99 per cent to the total genome in Sahiwal and 5.06 and 2.20 per cent in Jersey X Sahiwal cattle, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the X-chromosome of Sahiwal and Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.89, 0.35, 2.87 and 1.84, 0.36, 2.76, respectively. The arm ratio, centromeric index and morphological index for the Y-chromosome of Jersey X Sahiwal cattle were 1.63, 0.35 and 1.41, respectively.

Evolution of a Y Chromosome from an X Chromosome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Bergero ◽  
Jim Gardner ◽  
Deborah Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome

Distribution of sister chromatid exchanges on the mouse chromosomes in vivo with reference to the replication properties of the X chromosome

1984 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
S. M. Singh ◽  
D. L. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Chromatid Exchanges ◽  
Marrow Cells

Frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) were recorded separately for different chromosomes from bone marrow cells of female mice of the two genetic strains (C3H/S and C57BL/6J). SCEs were evaluated following different doses of 5-bromo-2′deoxyuridine (BrdU) as nine hourly i.p. injections. The SCE per cell increased with increasing BrdU doses which was slightly higher in C3H/S than in the C57BL/6J. SCEs per cell were variable at every treatment – strain combination, possibly reflecting the heterogeneous nature of the bone marrow cells. In general, there is a positive correlation between SCE per chromosome and the relative chromosome length. Total SCEs on one of the large chromosomes (most likely the X chromosome), however, are significantly higher than expected on the basis of relative length alone. Most of this increase is attributable to one of the homologues of this chromosome, which is not in synchrony with the rest of the chromosomes and may represent the late-replicating X. These results when viewed in the light of replication properties of the heterochromatinized X, suggest a direct involvement of DNA replication in SCE formation and may argue against the replication point as the sole site for the SCEs.Key words: sister chromatid exchange, BrdU, recombination, replication, X chromosome.

scholarly journals Recombination between the mouse Y chromosome short arm and an additional Y short arm-derived chromosomal segment attached distal to the X chromosome PAR

Chromosoma ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Fanny Decarpentrie ◽  
Obah A. Ojarikre ◽  
Michael J. Mitchell ◽  
Paul S. Burgoyne
Keyword(s):  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Chromosomal Segment

Roles of Anti-Müllerian hormone (Amh) and its duplicates in sex determination and germ cell proliferation of Nile tilapia

Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyong Liu ◽  
Shengfei Dai ◽  
Jiahong Wu ◽  
Xueyan Wei ◽  
Xin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Sex Determination ◽  
Germ Cell ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Sex Reversal ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Germ Cell Proliferation

Abstract Duplicates of amh are crucial for fish sex determination and differentiation. In Nile tilapia, unlike in other teleosts, amh is located on X chromosome. The Y chromosome amh (amh△-y) is mutated with 5 bp insertion and 233 bp deletion in the coding sequence, and tandem duplicate of amh on Y chromosome (amhy) has been identified as the sex determiner. However, the expression of amh, amh△-y and amhy, their roles in germ cell proliferation and the molecular mechanism of how amhy determines sex is still unclear. In this study, expression and functions of each duplicate were analyzed. Sex reversal occurred only when amhy was mutated as revealed by single, double and triple mutation of the three duplicates in XY fish. Homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish also resulted in sex reversal. Earlier and higher expression of amhy/Amhy was observed in XY gonads compared with amh/Amh during sex determination. Amhy could inhibit the transcription of cyp19a1a through Amhr2/Smads signaling. Loss of cyp19a1a rescued the sex reversal phenotype in XY fish with amhy mutation. Interestingly, mutation of both amh and amhy in XY fish or homozygous mutation of amhy in YY fish resulted in infertile females with significantly increased germ cell proliferation. Taken together, these results indicated that up-regulation of amhy during the critical period of sex determination makes it the sex-determining gene, and it functions through repressing cyp19a1a expression via Amhr2/Smads signaling pathway. Amh retained its function in controlling germ cell proliferation as reported in other teleosts, while amh△-y was nonfunctionalized.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and molecular analysis of the Pantaneiro cattle breed

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (11) ◽  
pp. 1609-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Érica Cunha Issa ◽  
Wilham Jorge ◽  
José Robson Bezerra Sereno
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Bos Taurus ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Paternal Line

The objective of this work was to characterize Pantaneiro cattle genetically through its paternal ancestry by the morphology of the Y chromosome, whether submetacentric or acrocentric, as well as to identify the maternal ancestry through mitochondrial DNA. The karyotype and mitochondrial DNA of 12 bulls of Pantaneiro breed were analyzed. The Y chromosome was analyzed in lymphocyte metaphases and the mitochondrial DNA by diagnosing its haplotype (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Among Pantaneiro animals analyzed three had a taurine (submetacentric) Y and nine had a zebuine (acrocentric) Y chromosome, suggesting breed contamination by Zebu cattle, once Pantaneiro is considered to be of European origin. The mitochondrial DNA was exclusively of taurine origin, indicating that the participation of zebuines in the formation of the breed occurred entirely through the paternal line.

Clues from other animals and theoretical considerations

Development ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 101 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Anne McLaren
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Y Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosome ◽  
X Chromosomes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Mouse Species ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
State Of Activity

In the first two papers of this volume, the genetic control of sex determination in Caenorhabditis and Drosophila is reviewed by Hodgkin and by Nöthiger & Steinmarin-Zwicky, respectively. Sex determination in both cases depends on the ratio of X chromosomes to autosomes, which acts as a signal to a cascade of règulatory genes located either on autosomes or on the X chromosome. The state of activity of the last gene in the sequence determines phenotypic sex. In the third paper, Erickson & Tres describe the structure of the mouse Y chromosome and the polymorphisms that have been detected in different mouse species and strains. As in all mammals, the Y carries the primary male-determining locus; autosomal genes may also be involved in sex determination, but they must act down-stream from the Y-linked locus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document