scholarly journals Labour Usage and Productivity in Temperate Fruits Production in Himachal Pradesh A Study of District Shimla

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vishal ◽  
K. Sikander
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Field Investigation ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Farming Households

Background: Labour being a principle Factor of production in the Agriculture and has great influence in the crop production, therefore, a study was conducted to understand the labour Man-days and its efficiency in the production of different temperate fruits. From the study, we will try to found labour Man-days used in different farm activities under different temperate fruits and its role in the production of the different fruits. Methods: In this study field investigation was conducted during the Year 2018-2019 and data of 200 farming households of different farm size were collected from 10 different panchayats of Jubbal and kotkhai Block of district Shimla. Result: From our study, it was discovered that most labour Man-days utilization per hectare can be seen in Apple production across all farm size as compare to other fruits production. As far as labour productivity per kg is concern it has been observed that it high in apple production as compare other fruit production, however, when we look it from farm size point small farm performance looks better in most of the crops.

scholarly journals FARM SIZE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF FOOD CROP FARMERS IN ABEOKUTA NORTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Ezekiel Olaoluwa Akerele ◽  
Damilola Tobi Babayanju ◽  
Olumayowa Oyebanjo
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Farming Households

This study examined farm size and productivity of food crop farmers in Abeokuta North Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. The study was based on primary data obtained through the use of structured questionnaires. The survey involved a cross section random selection of 112 farming households from the study area. Data were obtained on the socio – economic characteristic of the farming members of the households, mode of land acquisition, parcels of land available for cultivation, total parcels of land cultivated, resources used, cost and outputs of food crops on parcels of land cultivated. The data was analyzed by both descriptive statistics and stochastic frontier model with the level of land fragmentation measured by Simpson index as well as the number of parcel cultivated. It was found that significant evidence exists to show that most farms cultivated in the study area are relatively fragmented which was caused by inheritance mode of land acquisition and this have effect on food crop production. The farm sizes cultivated by farming households have significance effect on output. Hired labour and cost of intermediate materials used have significant effect on the production efficiency of farmers. The finding revealed that most farming households in the study area were found operating relatively on scattered farm land. On the basis of the above findings, it was recommended that Farmers' accessibility to loans should be addressed by government and to establish farm estate, pattern of land holding and also acquisition of more farmland should be addressed for high production efficiency.

scholarly journals Farmers’ Attitude Towards Using Agro-Chemicals in Rice Production: A Case in Laxmipur District of Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
Shaikh Shamim Hasan ◽  
Mithun Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Md. Shamsul Arefin ◽  
Sabina Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Primary Level

The study was conducted to determine the farmers’ attitude towards using agro-chemicals in rice field in Laxmipur district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from seventy farmers following simple random sampling technique, complied and interpreted as per objectives of the study. Most of the farmers were middle aged, had primary level of education with small farm size, medium extension media contact with an average family annual income of about 1350 USD. About 87% of the farmers had low to medium knowledge on use of agro-chemicals in rice cultivation. About 74% of the farmers had moderately favorable attitude towards using agro-chemicals. Family annual income, extension media contact and knowledge on agro-chemical were the most important factors that affect the attitude of the farmers towards using agro-chemicals in crop production. Therefore it is recommended that arrangement of need based training with more extension contact for the farmers will be helpful to improve the behavior of using agro-chemicals.The Agriculturists 2015; 13(2) 105-112

scholarly journals Economics of pears production in Himachal Pradesh a study of Jubbal and Kotkhai block of district Shimla

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-254
Author(s):  
Sikander Kumar ◽  
Vishal Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Resource Efficiency ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Small Farm ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Resource Endowment ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Factor Inputs ◽  
Douglas Production Function

Farm production is the result of the transformation of various resources such as human labour, bullock power, mechanical power, water for irrigation, seeds, manures and fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides and cultivation practices, etc. As these all factor inputs are costly and scarce, the case for their efficient use is self-evident. Moreover, farm resource endowment and the extent of their use on farms has a direct bearing in determining the overall level of crop production. Therefore, it is necessary to study the extent and magnitude of various farm endowments prevailing on farms in different size classes in the study area.The study was conducted at Jubbal and Kotkhai block of district Shimla from where sample of 200 farmers of different holdings were collected to understand the input-output relationship for pears production and was analyized with the Cobb-Douglas production function. From the study we tried to understand the resource efficiency by calculating the elasticity co-efficient of different inputs (labour man-days, land, manures and fertilizers, seeds and others) with regards tooutput and, therefore, determining the economics of scales of fruit.We have found that land, labour, manures and fertilizersinputs are influencing the pears production across all farm size however, small farm size resource efficiency is good as compare to other farm holdings.

Impact of Nitrogen Management Practices on Total Nitrogen in the Fruits of High Productive Hamlin Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498e-498
Author(s):  
S. Paramasivam ◽  
A.K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Orange Trees

For perennial crop production conditions, major portion of nutrient removal from the soil-tree system is that in harvested fruits. Nitrogen in the fruits was calculated for 22-year-old `Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis) trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) rootstock, grown in a Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) that received various N rates (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N/ha per year) as either i) broadcast of dry granular form (DGF; four applications/year), or ii) fertigation (FRT; 15 applications/year). Total N in the fruits (mean across 4 years) varied from 82 to 110 and 89 to 111 kg N/ha per year for the DGF and FRT sources, respectively. Proportion of N in the fruits in relation to N applied decreased from 74% to 39% for the DGF and from 80% to 40% for the FRT treatments. High percentage of N removal in the fruits in relation to total N applied at low N rates indicate that trees may be depleting the tree reserve for maintaining fruit production. This was evident, to some extent, by the low leaf N concentration at the low N treatments. Furthermore, canopy density was also lower in the low N trees compared to those that received higher N rates.

THE FINANCIAL RETURN OF CEREAL FARMING FOR SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS OF ETHIOPIA

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
LALISA ALEMAYEHU DUGUMA ◽  
IKA DARNHOFER ◽  
HERBERT HAGER
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
The Rich

SUMMARYA study was conducted in Suba area, central highlands of Ethiopia, to assess the net return, land and labour productivity, and the return to scale of cereal farming practice. Seventy-five farmers belonging to three local wealth classes (poor, medium and rich) were randomly selected and interviewed about inputs and outputs related to cereal farming for the production year 2007/2008. Farm soil properties were investigated to check the variability in soil quality among the wealth classes. Benefit:cost ratio (BCR), net returns and annual profit were used to indicate the worthiness of the cereal farming activity. The return to scale was estimated by using the Cobb–Douglas production function. The results show that cereal farming is a rewarding practice, with the rich households gaining more profit than the poor. Farm size was the most important variable that affects the net return. There is an increasing return to scale. However, it is unlikely that farmers will have more land than they own at present because of the land shortage problem in the country caused by the increasing human population. Thus, attention should be given to minimizing the costs of production through proper regulation of domestic fertilizer costs and increasing labour productivity especially for the poor and medium households. The use of manure and compost as an additional fertilizer should also be promoted.

scholarly journals Deep Learning-Based Growth Prediction System: A Use Case of China Agriculture

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1551
Author(s):  
Tamoor Khan ◽  
Jiangtao Qiu ◽  
Hafiz Husnain Raza Sherazi ◽  
Mubashir Ali ◽  
Sukumar Letchmunan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
National Bureau ◽  
System A ◽  
Future Production ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Agricultural Yields

Agricultural advancements have significantly impacted people’s lives and their surroundings in recent years. The insufficient knowledge of the whole agricultural production system and conventional ways of irrigation have limited agricultural yields in the past. The remote sensing innovations recently implemented in agriculture have dramatically revolutionized production efficiency by offering unparalleled opportunities for convenient, versatile, and quick collection of land images to collect critical details on the crop’s conditions. These innovations have enabled automated data collection, simulation, and interpretation based on crop analytics facilitated by deep learning techniques. This paper aims to reveal the transformative patterns of old Chinese agrarian development and fruit production by focusing on the major crop production (from 1980 to 2050) taking into account various forms of data from fruit production (e.g., apples, bananas, citrus fruits, pears, and grapes). In this study, we used production data for different fruits grown in China to predict the future production of these fruits. The study employs deep neural networks to project future fruit production based on the statistics issued by China’s National Bureau of Statistics on the total fruit growth output for this period. The proposed method exhibits encouraging results with an accuracy of 95.56% calculating by accuracy formula based on fruit production variation. Authors further provide recommendations on the AGR-DL (agricultural deep learning) method being helpful for developing countries. The results suggest that the agricultural development in China is acceptable but demands more improvement and government needs to prioritize expanding the fruit production by establishing new strategies for cultivators to boost their performance.

scholarly journals On-farm trees are a safety net for the poorest households rather than a major contributor to food security in Rwanda

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Ndoli ◽  
Athanase Mukuralinda ◽  
Antonius G. T. Schut ◽  
Miyuki Iiyama ◽  
Jean Damascene Ndayambaje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Agroforestry Practice ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Agroforestry Practices

AbstractThe world is challenged to meet the food demand of a growing population, especially in developing countries. Given the ambitious plans to scale up agroforestry in Africa, an improved understanding of the effect of agroforestry practices on the already challenged food security of rural households is crucial. The present study was undertaken to assess how on-farm trees impacted food security in addition to other household income sources in Rwanda. In each of the six agroecologies of Rwanda, a stratified sampling procedure was used where two administrative cells (4th formal administrative level) were selected in which households were randomly selected for interviews. A survey including 399 farmers was conducted and farmers were grouped in three types of agroforestry practice (i) low practitioners (LAP) represented by the first tertile, (ii) medium practitioners (MAP) represented by the second tertile and (iii) high practitioners (HAP) represented by the third tertile of households in terms of tree number. Asset values, household income sources, crop production, farm size, crop yield, and food security (food energy needs) were quantified among the types of agroforestry practice. A larger proportion of HAP households had access to adequate quantity and diversity of food when compared with MAP and LAP households. Food security probability was higher for households with more resources, including land, trees and livestock, coinciding with an increased crop and livestock income. We found no difference in asset endowment among types of agroforestry practices, while farmers in agroecologies with smaller farms (0.42 ha to 0.66 ha) had more on-farm trees (212 to 358 trees per household) than farms in agroecologies with larger farms (0.96 ha to 1.23 ha) which had 49 to 129 trees per household, probably due to differences in biophysical conditions. A positive association between tree density and food security was found in two out of six agroecologies. The proportion of income that came from tree products was high (> 20%) for a small fraction of farmers (12%), with the more food insecure households relying more on income from tree products than households with better food security status. Thus, tree income can be percieved as a “safety net” for the poorest households.

scholarly journals Economics of autonomous equipment for arable farms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Lowenberg-DeBoer ◽  
Kit Franklin ◽  
Karl Behrendt ◽  
Richard Godwin
Keyword(s):  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Performance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Crop Agriculture

AbstractBy collecting more data at a higher resolution and by creating the capacity to implement detailed crop management, autonomous crop equipment has the potential to revolutionise precision agriculture (PA), but unless farmers find autonomous equipment profitable it is unlikely to be widely adopted. The objective of this study was to identify the potential economic implications of autonomous crop equipment for arable agriculture using a grain-oilseed farm in the United Kingdom as an example. The study is possible because the Hands Free Hectare (HFH) demonstration project at Harper Adams University has produced grain with autonomous equipment since 2017. That practical experience showed the technical feasibility of autonomous grain production and provides parameters for farm-level linear programming (LP) to estimate farm management opportunities when autonomous equipment is available. The study shows that arable crop production with autonomous equipment is technically and economically feasible, allowing medium size farms to approach minimum per unit production cost levels. The ability to achieve minimum production costs at relatively modest farm size means that the pressure to “get big or get out” will diminish. Costs of production that are internationally competitive will mean reduced need for government subsidies and greater independence for farmers. The ability of autonomous equipment to achieve minimum production costs even on small, irregularly shaped fields will improve environmental performance of crop agriculture by reducing pressure to remove hedges, fell infield trees and enlarge fields.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Factors Influencing Profitability of Rice Seed Production in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
MZ Hoque ◽  
ME Haque
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Influential Factor ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Rice Seed ◽  
The Government ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

Seed is the foundation of agriculture for enhancing crop production. The economic benefits from the improved quality seed production help scaling up the livelihood standard as well as nutritional status of the common people. The study was carried out in three districts namely Jamalpur, Gazipur and Manikganj to identify the socio-economic dimensions of the government seed production project beneficiaries persuading profitability of rice seed production. Data were collected through intensive survey of randomly selected 211 sample respondents using pre-tested interview schedule. To examine the profitability of rice seed production, the gross margin and cost benefit analysis were carried out. Co-efficient of correlation and multiple stepwise regressions were employed to find out the determinants of profitability in rice seed production. Rice seed production was not found to be so profitable as investment in rice seed cultivation can produce average BCR of only up to 1.44, where highest BCR was found in Jamalpur (1.58) compared to Manikganj (1.48) and Gazipur (1.26). The results revealed that socio-economic factors have a profound influence on profitability of rice seed production as these factors combined explained 54.9 percent variation. Farm size, contact with information sources, knowledge on quality rice production and age of the respondents were identified as significant contributors in profitability of rice seed production, whereas contact with information sources was the single most influential factor (24.6%). Therefore, steps may be taken so that the seed-growers could directly be linked with more information sources dealing with seed production and marketing through the government initiatives to boost up the production as well as to ensure appropriate price of the farmers’ home grown seed. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i1.19578 The Agriculturists 2014; 12(1) 33-40

scholarly journals In what direction is agricultural specialization headed in Central and Eastern Europe? (2005-2016)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Forgacs ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Production ◽  
Input Side ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Total Productivity ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Cattle Rearing

The paper deals with the main directions of specialization in Central and Eastern European Countries’ (CEECs, EU10) agriculture after the EU’s Eastward Enlargement. We analyse and compare growth and productivity advantages of specialized farm types by physical size (in hectare) in EU10 member-states to the EU10/27/15 average based on EUROSTAT data in the period of 2005-2016. We focus on exploring the main directions of specialization using such indicators as the number of specialized farms, land (Utilized Agricultural Area, UAA) and labour (Agricultural Working Unit, AWU) use on the input side, average farm size by land and labour use as well as area-, labour-, and total productivity on the output side. We conclude that the directions of specialization in farming in EU10 were based on the traditional farm production structure making the latter better able to adjust and take advantages of Common Agricultural Policy. Concerning production growth rate, the three leading specialization types of CEECs’ farms were: (i) cattle rearing and fattening, (ii) cereals, oilseed and protein crops and (iii) fruits and citrus fruits. These three specialization types of farms – in the same ranking order - also increased land (UAA) and labour (AWU) use well above the average. Specialized cereals farms and cattle rearing and fattening farms were also ranked in top three by number. Both cereals and fruits specialized farms have leading position in growth rate of land and labour use and also are in top three in growth rate of land area and total farm productivity. Cereals and fruits specialized farms also more than doubled labour productivity during the first decade after the EU’s Eastward enlargement but did not rank in the top three in this category.

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