scholarly journals ​Feed Quality Test, Prevalence of Aflatoxin Contamination in Dairy Feed and Raw Milk in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalel Fikadu ◽  
Berhan Tamir ◽  
Ulfina Galmessa ◽  
Kefena Effa
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Prompt Action ◽  
Special Zone ◽  
Feed Samples

Background: The study was attended in Oromia special zone around Finfinne with the objective to asses feed quality composition, detect and quantify the amount of aflatoxine (AFM1) in raw cow’s milk and AFB1 in home-mixed feed of dairy. Methods: For this purpose, 90 milk and 90 samples of feed from dairy farmers were collected. Analysis for AFM1 and AFB1 was conducted by high-performance liquid chromatography. Result: The study discovered that the occurrence of AFM1 in all samples of milk and detection level ranged from 0.02 ppb to 0.08 ppbL. Overall, 64 (71.1%) out of a total of 90 milk samples contained less than or equal to 0.05 ppb of AFM1. Moreover, 26 (28.9%) milk samples exceeded 0.05 ppb. All the feed samples were contaminated with AFB1 minimum 12.67 ppb and a maximum of 45.67 ppb. Overall, out of a total of 90 feed samples collected, about 66 (73.3%) contained AFB1 at a level less than or equal to 20 ppb. At the same time, 34 (26.7%) of the feed samples contained AFB1 at a level exceeding 20 ppb. The linear regression displayed that the significant associations between the presence of AFB1 in the feed and the levels of adulteration in AFM1 in milk. The level of aflatoxin pollution found during this study in milk and feed ought to prompt action to spot appropriate interventions. These results recommend that risk mitigation should focus on reducing aflatoxin impurity in raw materials feed which can ultimately minimize AFM1 in milk.

scholarly journals A Combined Metabolomic and Metagenomic Approach to Discriminate Raw Milk for the Production of Hard Cheese

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Paolo Bellassi ◽  
Gabriele Rocchetti ◽  
Marco Nocetti ◽  
Luigi Lucini ◽  
Francesco Masoero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Po River ◽  
Prediction Ability ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Molecular Features ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hard Cheese ◽  
Feeding Systems

The chemical composition of milk can be significantly affected by different factors across the dairy supply chain, including primary production practices. Among the latter, the feeding system could drive the nutritional value and technological properties of milk and dairy products. Therefore, in this work, a combined foodomics approach based on both untargeted metabolomics and metagenomics was used to shed light onto the impact of feeding systems (i.e., hay vs. a mixed ration based on hay and fresh forage) on the chemical profile of raw milk for the production of hard cheese. In particular, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF) was used to investigate the chemical profile of raw milk (n = 46) collected from dairy herds located in the Po River Valley (Italy) and considering different feeding systems. Overall, a total of 3320 molecular features were putatively annotated across samples, corresponding to 734 unique compound structures, with significant differences (p < 0.05) between the two feeding regimens under investigation. Additionally, supervised multivariate statistics following metabolomics-based analysis allowed us to clearly discriminate raw milk samples according to the feeding systems, also extrapolating the most discriminant metabolites. Interestingly, 10 compounds were able to strongly explain the differences as imposed by the addition of forage in the cows’ diet, being mainly glycerophospholipids (i.e., lysophosphatidylethanolamines, lysophosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylcholines), followed by 5-(3′,4′-Dihydroxyphenyl)-gamma-valerolactone-4′-O-glucuronide, 5a-androstan-3a,17b-diol disulfuric acid, and N-stearoyl glycine. The markers identified included both feed-derived (such as phenolic metabolites) and animal-derived compounds (such as lipids and derivatives). Finally, although characterized by a lower prediction ability, the metagenomic profile was found to be significantly correlated to some milk metabolites, with Staphylococcaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Dermabacteraceae establishing a higher number of significant correlations with the discriminant metabolites. Therefore, taken together, our preliminary results provide a comprehensive foodomic picture of raw milk samples from different feeding regimens, thus supporting further ad hoc studies investigating the metabolomic and metagenomic changes of milk in all processing conditions.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin M1 levels in sow milk

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
J. PRODANOV-RADULOVIĆ ◽  
M. ŽIVKOV-BALOŠ ◽  
S. JAKŠIĆ ◽  
Z. GRGIĆ ◽  
I. STOJANOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Food And Feed ◽  
Special Health

Aflatoxins (AFs) are one of the most known and investigated group of mycotoxins, which can be found as contaminants in different types of food and feed. Animals are exposed to AFs mainly through the consumption of contaminated feed, particularly products of plant origin. Among AFs, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the monohydroxylated derivative of AFB1 formed in the liver and excreted into the milk of lactating animals. This study encompassed the Vojvodina region of Serbia and was aimed at determining the levels of AFM1 excretion in sows’ milk in the first 3‒5 days of lactation, after consumption of naturally contaminated with AFB1 maize. A total of 110 sows’ milk samples from 11 swine farms in the specific region were analyzed by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Different levels of AFM1 were detected in the majority (97%) of the examined milk samples. The obtained results showed AFM1 levels ranging from 5 to 165.4 ng/L. The results of this study pose special health concern associated with aflatoxin contamination of swine feed raw materials in this particular part of Serbia. Moreover, such high incidence of AFM1 detection in sows’ milk may suggest the occurrence of long-term low level aflatoxicosis clinical cases.

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone residues in raw cow’s milk

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Navrátilová ◽  
I. Borkovcová ◽  
J. Vyhnálková ◽  
L. Vorlová
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Gradient Elution ◽  
Maximum Residue Limit ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Efficient Control ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Method

The aim of the study was to monitore the levels of fluoroquinolone residues in bulk samples of raw cow&rsquo;s milk. The bulk samples of raw cow&rsquo;s milk (n = 150) were obtained from 58 different milk suppliers in the South Moravian and Vysočina Regions. The samples were analysed by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection and gradient elution. 87.3% of the raw milk samples were positive for the fluoroquinolones residues. Flumequine was present in none of the samples. The levels of other fluoroquinolones investigated were below the recommended maximum residue limit. The results of the study indicate that fluoroquinolones are frequently administered to the dairy cows in spite of the recommendations of CVMP. The most frequently determined was enrofloxacin and its indicator residue, i.e. ciprofloxacin. An efficient control of the veterinary drugs residues in milk is very important to ensure the safety of the milk and milk products.

scholarly journals Presence of moulds and aflatoxin M1 in milk

2009 ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Jankovic ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Brankica Lakicevic ◽  
Radmila Mitrovic ◽  
Dejan Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Fungal Contamination ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Feed Samples

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk or dairy products as a direct result of the cattle's ingestion of feed contaminated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). This study comprises mycological and mycotoxicological investigations of 23 milk samples (raw, infant food, pasteurized, whey and yoghurt). The mycological testing showed dominant presence of genus Geotrichum. G. candidum was found in 9 samples, with the highest contamination in the raw milk samples. The contamination level of AM1 is defined by using direct competitive enzyme- -linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AFM1 was found in 9 samples. AFM1 levels were lower than the recommended limits. However, as AFM1 is considered a probable human carcinogen (2B type), it is necessary to achieve a low level of AFM1 in milk. Therefore, cows' feed samples from various cowsheds are supposed to be evaluated routinely for aflatoxin, and kept away from fungal contamination as much as possible.

scholarly journals HPLC-DAD multi-residue method for determination of florfenicol, penicillin and tetracycline residues in raw cow milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Ali Jaber ◽  
Zeinab Zahreddine ◽  
Simon Abou Haidar ◽  
Chadi Hosri ◽  
Ghassan Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Reversed Phase ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

The existence of antibiotic residues in edible products constitutes a health problem to the consumers. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) was optimized and validated for the simultaneous determination of florfenicol (FF), penicillin (PE), and tetracycline (TC) residues in dairy raw milk samples. The determination of these antibiotics was carried out on HP-ODS Hypersil C18 (5μm, 125*4 mm) column at a flow rate (1mL/min) and temperature (35 ⁰C). The extraction method includes deproteinization of the milk sample followed by a solid-phase extraction (SPE) clean-up. The method was validated according to the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the International Conference of Harmonization Guidelines. The recoveries for the studied antibiotics ranged from 82–111.54 % making the method suitable for performing routine analysis. The proposed method was applied for the analysis of antibiotic residues in 50 dairy raw milk samples collected from many regions in Lebanon. The results showed the occurrence of these antibiotics residues in milk collected from different Lebanese regions. The numbers indicate that 22 % of milk samples were found to be positive for FF, 42 % for PE, and 28 % for TC residues.

Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Peanuts, Milk, and Animal Feed in Trinidad

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
NKECHI OFFIAH ◽  
ABIODUN ADESIYUN
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Radioimmunoassay Method ◽  
Feed Samples

The prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in 186 peanut products (140 peanuts, 32 peanut butter, and 14 nut cakes) from supermarkets, road vendors, and sale outlets, and 40 feed samples from dairy farmers was determined using the radioimmunoassay method (Charm II) test for aflatoxins. The frequency of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was also determined in 175 raw milk samples from milk collection centers and 37 pasteurized milk samples obtained from supermarkets and sale outlets. Overall, from a total of 438 samples tested, 18 (4.1%) were positive for aflatoxin comprising 5 (2.2%) of 226 peanut products and feeds positive for AFB1, and 13 (6.1%) of 212 milk samples positive for AFM1. All 186 peanuts and peanut products were negative (0.0%) for AFB1 while 5 (7.4%) of 40 dairy feed samples were positive. Of the 175 raw milk samples tested, 13 (7.4%) were contaminated with AFM1 while all pasteurized milk samples were negative. The detection of AFB1 in feed and AFM1 in milk is of public health importance considering the practice of raw milk consumption by the farmers and their families in the country.

scholarly journals Screening of aflatoxin M1 in cows’ milk in Gadarif town, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal M. A. Abdalmahmoud ◽  
El Tahir S. Shuiep ◽  
Ibtisam E El Zubeir ◽  
Omer H. M. Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Health Risk ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Different Sources

Abstract Background Milk is a perfect complete perishable food that could be contaminated by any substance throughout the chain of its production. Of these aflatoxins M1 was considered as an important health risk associated with the milk. The objectives of this study are to analyse milk samples for the detection of aflatoxin M1. Method Eighty milk samples were collected from different sources randomly; 33 samples from farms, 31 samples from sale points and 16 samples from groceries in Gedarif town. Unisensor kits were used as screening method for detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Results The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples were found in 22(27.50%) of the samples. The presence of aflatoxin contamination was high in milk samples collected from sales points (15.0%) followed by farms (11.25%) compared to those obtained from groceries (1.25%). Conclusion The presences of aflatoxin M1 in the milk samples might indicate that the cow milk was contaminated with aflatoxins through feed. Hence this study recommended that good hygienic practices should be considered in Gadarif town.

The Effect of Boiling on Stability of Oxytetracycline and Sulfamethazine Residues in Raw Milk using HPLC Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Fathy El-Toukhy ◽  
M Sabry ◽  
Mohamed El-Sherbiny
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Ultra Violet ◽  
Heat Stability ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Qualitative Detection ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
Diffusion Assay

Two hundred raw milk samples (250 ml of each) were collected from small dairy farms, street peddlers and dairy shops in Mansoura Governorate. These samples were screened using Bacillus Subtilis Diffusion Assay for qualitative detection of antibiotics residues; where the percentage of suspected positive samples was 12.5%. High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Ultra Violet detector (HPLC- UV) method was developed and validated to determine the amount of oxytetracycline (OTC) and sulfamethazine (SMZ) residues in raw milk before and after boiling. The results revealed that 8.5 % of the raw milk samples were containing (OTC) residues (6.5 % of them exceed MRL) while, (SMZ) was detected in4 % of the raw milk samples (3 % of them exceed MRL). Upon applying heat treatment, the reduction in the (OTC) content in milk boiled for 2 minutes was 30.5% but boiling for 5 minutes was accompanied with 54.1% reduction. On the other hand, the percentage of (SMZ) reduction was 1.7% and 9.5% in milk boiled for 2 and 5minutes respectively which could be attributed to the low heat stability of (OTC) and high stability of (SMZ).

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Screening of Aflatoxin M1 in Cows’ Milk in Gadarif Town, Sudan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamal M. A. Abdalmahmoud ◽  
El Tahir S. Shuiep ◽  
Ibtisam E El Zubeir ◽  
Omer H. M. Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin Contamination ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Added Water

Abstract Background: Milk is a perfect complete perishable food that could be adulterated or contaminated by wide varieties of substance throughout the chain of its production. Of these aflatoxins M1 was considered as an important health risk associated with the milk. The objectives of this study are to analyse milk samples, for chemical composition and detection of aflatoxin M1. Method: One hundred milk samples were collected from different sources randomly; 35 samples from farms, 35 samples from sale points and 30 samples from groceries in Gedarif town. Milk-Kana was used for determination of chemical composition (fat, solids not fat, lactose and protein and analysis of freezing point, density and added water) and Unisensor kits were used as screening method for detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk. Results: The chemical composition of milk samples collected from farms, sales points and groceries showed lower content of the fat (3.4±1.3%, 3.4±1.3% and 3.5±1.25%), solids not fat (7.7±1.1%, 8.1±1.7% and 8±1%), lactose (4.2±0.6%, 4.4±0.8% and 4.3±0.5%) and protein (3±0.4%, 3±0.5% and 3±0.4%). The freezing point of milk samples revealed -.503±.079, -.524±.007 and -.522±.099 °C, while the density showed 0.025±0.003, 0.026±0.005 and 0.026±0.003 gm/cm3, respectively. Moreover the added water was found as 10.6±11.6%, 10.6±10.4% and 8.7±8.2% in the samples collected from farms, sale points and groceries, respectively. The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples were found in 22(27.50%) of the samples. The presence of aflatoxin contamination was high in milk samples collected from sales points (15.0%) followed by farms (11.25%) compared to those obtained from groceries (1.25%). Conclusion: The lower chemical composition of milk ns the high added water suggested adulteration of milk. Moreover the presences of aflatoxin M1 in the milk samples might indicate that the cow milk was contaminated with aflatoxins through feed. Hence this study recommended that good hygienic practices should be considered in Gadarif town. Similarly regulations and lows for selling the milk should be implemented by the official authorities.

scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic residues in locally raw milk by using high performance liquid chromatography at different seasons and the effect of heat treatment on their concentration

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-136
Author(s):  
Ahmed Salman Moqef Al- kurashi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Antibiotic Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk ◽  
Antibiotics Residues ◽  
High Degree

     The aim of this study was to determine the level of antibiotics residues in the locally produced cows raw milk as well as to evaluate the effect of different commercial heat treated process on the level of antibiotics residues in milk. A total of 52 locally produced milk samples were collected from apparently healthy cows in AL-Fudhailia village, milk cans (50 Kg), bulk milk tanks (1, 5 and 10 tons) which belonged to the milk reception and collection centers and dairy plants in Baghdad were collected during beginning of December 2015 to the end of April 2016. Results revealed by using high performance liquid chromatography that there was a significant seasonal variation in the residual concentration of each detected antibiotic in milk samples, where it was found that all cow's milk samples had significantly higher concentrations of antibiotic residues in spring than in winter seasons. Generally by excluding both the season and the kind of antibiotic, it was found that milk samples that were collected from 50 Kg milk cans recorded significantly highest antibiotic residues followed by bulk milk tanks of 1 and 5 tons in comparison to 10 tons. Antibiotics recovery experiment was conducted by spiking the bovine milk samples with Known concentrations four ß-lactams (Benzylpencillin, Cloxacillin, Amoxcilin, Ampcilline) and other five detected antibiotics and then exposed to one of the three different commercial heat treatments. The results showed that the pasteurization process (63°C/30 min.) a slight inactivation of four ß-lactams and other five detected antibiotics, whereas 80°C/5 min. high degree of antimicrobial loss at the rate of 89% and 82%. However, boiling at 100°C/5 min, high degree of antimicrobial loss at the rate of 100% and 90% respectively.

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