scholarly journals Ultra high density planting for higher productivity in guava

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Barman ◽  
D. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Central Institute ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Fruit Length ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Research Experiment

A research experiment was conducted at ICAR–Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Lucknow (U.P.) farm under AICRP on Fruits. Trees of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Lalit were planted in 2012 at 1.0 m x 1.0 m, 1.5 m x 1.5 m, 2.0 m x 1.0 m and 2.0 m x 1.5 m spacing. On the basis of results obtained at two years after planting, tree spacing of 2.0 m x 1.5 m exhibited highest trunk cross-sectional area (2.18 cm2), fruit yield in rainy and winter seasons (10.32 and 27.04 tonnes ha-1, respectively) and yield efficiency (3.44 kg cm-2), besides exhibiting highest quality parameters (highest fruit length, thickness and total soluble solids and lowest titrable acidity) in both the seasons.

scholarly journals Influence of Five Clonal Rootstocks on the Growth, Productivity and Fruit Quality of ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ Sweet Cherry Trees

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Sitarek ◽  
Barbara Bartosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Tree Vigour ◽  
Gisela 5 ◽  
Cherry Trees

Abstract In the field experiment, 8-year-old ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ sweet cherry trees grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’, ‘Piku 4’and ‘Weiroot 72’ clonal rootstocks were compared with trees of the same cultivars on the standard rootstock F 12/1. The data collected included tree vigour (expressed as trunk cross-sectional area − TCSA), yield, and fruit weight as well as content of soluble solids in fruit.Based on TCSA, the largest ‘Sylvia’ and ‘Karina’ trees were on ‘F12/1’, and the smallest were on ‘GiSelA 3’. The results revealed that all of the tested rootstocks being compared to ‘F 12/1’, significantly reduced the growth of sweet cherry trees.‘Sylvia’ trees on ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Piku 4’ yielded more than those on ‘F12/1’. The highest cumulative yields of ‘Karina’ were harvested from trees on ‘GiSelA 5’. ‘Karina’ trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘Piku 4’ and ‘Weiroot 72’ performed comparably in cumulative yields to those on ‘F12/1’. Rootstock effects on yield efficiency were consistent between the two cultivars, with the most yield efficient trees on ‘GiSelA 3’, ‘GiSelA 5’ and ‘Weiroot 72’, and the least efficient trees on ‘F12/1’.Trees of both cultivars grafted on ‘GiSelA 3’ produced significantly smaller fruits than those grafted on ‘F 12/1’. The rest of the rootstocks, tested in terms of an effect on fruit weight (with the exception of ‘Karina’ on ‘Weiroot 72’), had a similar value to ‘F 12/1’. Effects of rootstock on content of soluble solids in fruit were modest and statistically insignificant.

scholarly journals 632 PB 284 EVALUATION OF MATURE `BARTLETT' PEAR SELECTIONS GRAFTED ON FIVE ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 519g-519
Author(s):  
Wilbur Reil ◽  
David Ramos ◽  
Ronald Snyder
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Block Experiment

Three selections from different bud sources of Bartlett pear were planted in a split block experiment grafted to five rootstocks in 1971. In 1992 and 1993, significant yield and yield efficiency differences occurred between the three selections. The highest yielding selection produced 51 and 40% greater weight then the lowest. The lowest yielding selection also had smaller fruit and lower soluble solids. Differences of 37 and 52% occurred between the highest and lowest yielding rootstocks. There were also significant differences in trunk cross sectional area, yield efficiency. fruit pressure and soluble solids between rootstocks.

scholarly journals THE RELATIONSHIP OF ROOTSTOCK WITH `STARKSPUR SUPREME' SCIONS TO MATURITY INDICES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 863e-863
Author(s):  
Dwight Wolfe ◽  
Gerald Brown
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Flesh Firmness ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Maturity Indices

The maturity indices of percent fruit drop, percent soluble solids, and flesh firmness of apples from trees with `Starkspur Supreme' scions on nine rootstocks were compared over the five-year period 1985-1989. The nine rootstocks included EMLA 7, EMLA 9, EMLA 26, EMLA 27, Mark, MAC 24, Ottawa 3, OAR 1, and M9. The five-year averages of each of the maturity indices varied significantly among the nine stions. The average percent fruit drop was more strongly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.572) than it was with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.346). Flesh firmness was significantly correlated with cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.398) but not with either trunk cross-sectional area or cumulative yield. The average percent soluble solids was more significantly correlated with trunk cross-sectional area (r=0.770) than it was with either cumulative yield efficiency (r=0.383) or cumulative yield (r=0.637). It is suggested that tree size may be used as an indicator for predicting maturity in cases where little or no information is available on the effects of that particular rootstock on maturity.

MUTANTS OF GOLDEN DELICIOUS APPLE INDUCED BY IONIZING RADIATION

1971 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. O. LAPINS
Keyword(s):  
Skin Color ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Flesh Color ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biennial Bearing ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of 300 selections of Golden Delicious apple from plant material irradiated with gamma rays from a 60Co source resulted in the final selection of two clones that represent an improvement of the original cultivar in reduced russetting in fruit stem cavity; greatly reduced tendency to biennial bearing; and slightly lowered fertility, an advantage in Golden Delicious which tends to overset. In a single-tree first trial, about 50% of the examined clones showed reduced pollen stainability; the majority of the semi-fertile mutants had 51 to 55% stainable pollen. The number of seeds per fruit was very closely related to pollen fertility. A close relationship was found among indicators of fruit maturity, that is, skin color, flesh color, soluble solids, and titratable acidity of fruit at harvest. More detailed measurements of 14 promising selections in a replicated second test revealed highly significant differences among clones in number of seeds per fruit, the incidence of russetting in the stem cavity, shape of fruit, skin color of fruit, flesh color of fruit, biennial bearing index, weight of fruit, and trunk cross-sectional area of the tree. Clonal differences were nonsignificant in yield ratings for a four-year period, and the yield for 1969 in kg per cm2 of trunk cross-sectional area.

scholarly journals 720 PB 432 THE EFFECT OF APPLYING CALCIUM ON THE RIPENING OF MANGO FRUITS (Mangifera indica L)

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 536c-536
Author(s):  
Judith Zambrano ◽  
Juan Manzano
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Mango Fruit ◽  
Total Soluble Solids ◽  
Titrable Acidity ◽  
Postharvest Application ◽  
Significant Difference

The effect of applying Ca++ in two forms: infiltration and dipping on mango fruit cv `Haden' was investigated. This effect was evaluated by measuring some quality parameters in the flesh and in the skin of the fruit. It was found that postharvest application of Ca++ extent the storage life of the fruit by a week. This fact, together with the results obtained from the quantification of sugars, ascorbic acid, total soluble solids alcohol. insoluble solids, starch and titrable acidity seem to indicate that the application of Ca++ delays slightly the process associated with ripeness. Furthermore, no significant difference between the two forms of Ca++ applied was found, except for the amount of ascorbic acid and total sugar. Finally, dipping application of Ca++ is easier than infiltration and it is therefore suggested.

scholarly journals 602 PB 214 GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF ALMOND TREES AS AFFECTED BY PEACH AND PEACH-ALMOND HYBRID ROOTSTOCKS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 518d-518
Author(s):  
Warren C. Micke ◽  
Mark W. Freeman ◽  
James T. Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Almond Trees ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Peach Rootstocks ◽  
Central San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Planted Tree

A replicated rootstock trial for almond was established in 1986 in the central San Joaquin Valley, a major almond growing area for this most widely planted tree crop in California. `Nonpareil', the major cultivar in California, was used for this trial with `Fritz' grown as the pollenizing cultivar. Two standard rootstocks for almond, `Nemaguard' and `Lovell' peach, were compared to two newer peach-almond hybrid rootstocks, `Bright's' and `Hansen'. After eight years both hybrid rootstocks produced significantly larger trees than the peach rootstocks, based on trunk cross-sectional area. Trees on hybrid rootstocks frequently produced greater yields than those on peach rootstocks; although, differences were not always significant. However, there were generally no significant differences in production per trunk cross-sectional area (yield efficiency). Thus, increased production by trees on hybrid rootstock was the result of larger tree size and not an inherent increase in productive efficiency of the tree itself. Since trees on hybrid rootstock should be planted further apart than those on peach, production per hectare should not be significantly increased, at least under good growing conditions as represented in this trial.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND FRUIT PRODUCTION OF YOUNG MICROPROPAGATED APPLE (MALUS DOMESTICA BORKH.) TREES

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 637f-637
Author(s):  
Fenton E. Larsen ◽  
Stewart S. Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Malus Domestica ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cumulative Yield ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malus Domestica Borkh ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Westerly Winds ◽  
Golden Delicious

Tree size, cumulative yield, yield efficiency and anchorage of 6 micropropagated (MP) apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars were determined in 1991 after 5 years of production, as compared with trees on seedling (sdlg) or M 7a roots. Trees were planted in 1984, with crops harvested from 1987 through 1991. Trees were generally smallest (trunk cross-sectional area) on M 7a and were largest with 4 cultivars (`Delicious', `Jonathan', `Rome', `Spartan') when micropropagated. `Golden Delicious' (GD) was largest on sdlg. Cumulative yield was affected by a scion × rootstock interaction, with few trends in scion or rootstock effects. Mean cumulative yield was 84 kg tree-1, 71 and 58 for M 7a, MP and sdlg, respectively. Yield efficiency was also affected by a scion × rootstock interaction. In 1991, mean yield efficiency was 0.5 kg cm-2 for sdlg and MP trees, but was 1.05 for M 7a. Efficiency on M 7a was superior to other rootstocks with all scions except `GD', while sdlg and MP trees were statistically similar with all scions. All trees leaned in response to prevailing westerly winds, with trees on sdlg tending to be more upright than MP or M 7a trees.

scholarly journals RELATIONSHIPS OF LEAF AREA AND TRUNK DIAMETER OF APPLE TREES AFFECTED BY ROOTSTOCK AN D CULTIVAR

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1169c-1169
Author(s):  
Curt R. Rom ◽  
Renae E. Moran
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Yield Efficiency ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Old Trees

Trunk cross-sectional area (TCA) has been used to estimate leaf area (LA) and yield efficiency but variation in LA and TCA relationships have been unexplored. LA and TCA of 10-yr-old 'Starkspur Supreme Delicious' on 9 rootstocks (STKs) were measured in 1989. LA and TCA of 2-yr-old trees of 3 cultivars (CVs) on 5 STKs were measured in 1991. Regression of LA and TCA was performed for each CV, STK and each CV/STK. On mature trees, LA varied significantly with STK. The number and LA of shoot leaves (LVS) and spur LVS varied with STK but the % of total was not significantly different (approx. 52% spur LVS). The relationships of LA and TCA were linear for mature (r2=.94) and young (r2=.44) trees. On young trees, TCA varied with CV, but LA did not. Both LA and TCA were significantly different among STKs. The linear relationships of LA and TCA had unique intercepts with each CV, STK and CV/STK combination but slopes were not significantly different. Leaf area of Jonagold' and 'Gala' tended to increase more with increasing TCA than 'Empire'.

scholarly journals A Method for Quantifying Whole-tree Pruning Severity in Mature Tall Spindle Apple Plantings

HortScience ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1233-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Schupp ◽  
H. Edwin Winzeler ◽  
Thomas M. Kon ◽  
Richard P. Marini ◽  
Tara A. Baugher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Severity Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Whole Tree

Pruning is the cutting away of vegetation from plants for horticultural purposes. Pruning is known to reduce apple tree size, increase fruit size and quality, and decrease yield. Methods for studying the effects of varying degrees of severity of pruning on a whole-tree basis have used qualitative descriptions of treatments rather than repeatable whole-tree quantitative metrics. In this study, we introduce a pruning severity index calculated from the sum of the cross-sectional area of all branches on a tree at 2.5 cm from their union to the central leader divided by the cross-sectional area of its central leader at 30 cm from the graft union. This limb to trunk ratio (LTR) was then modified by successively removing the largest branches of ‘Buckeye Gala’ to achieve six severity levels ranging from LTR 0.5 to LTR 1.75, with lower values representing more extreme pruning with less whole-tree limb area relative to trunk area. Pruning treatments were applied for three consecutive years and tree growth and cropping responses were observed for the first 2 years. With increasing pruning severity the following characteristics increased after seasonal growth: number of renewal limbs, number of shoots, shoot length, number of shoot leaves, shoot leaf area, final fruit set, fruit size, yield of large fruit, crop value from large fruit, soluble solids, and titratable acidity. The following characteristics decreased: limb age, number of secondary limbs, number of spurs, number of spur leaves, spur leaf area, the ratio of spur leaf area to shoot leaf area, fruit count per tree, yield, yield efficiency, crop value from small fruit, overall crop value, and sugar:acid ratio. The LTR provides a measurable way to define and create different levels of pruning severity and achieve consistent outcomes. This allows a greater degree of accuracy and precision to dormant pruning of tall spindle apple trees. The use of the LTR to establish the level of pruning severity allows the orchard manager to set crop load potential through regulation of the canopy bearing surface. This metric is also a necessary step in the development of autonomous pruning systems.

scholarly journals The influence of rootstocks on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar Cacanska rana

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174
Author(s):  
Dragan Milatovic ◽  
Mirjana Radovic ◽  
Gordan Zec ◽  
Djordje Boskov
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Danube Basin ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Yield Efficiency

The paper examines the influence of three clonal rootstocks ('Pixy', 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A') along with seedlings of Myrobalan (control) on the growth, yield and fruit quality of the plum cultivar 'Cacanska Rana'. Research was conducted in the area of the Belgrade Danube basin for the six-year period (2013-2018). In comparison to control, all three clonal rootstocks have shown a significant effect on the decrease of vigor expressed as a trunk cross-sectional area. The lowest vigor was found in trees on the 'Pixy' rootstock, then on 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Regarding the rootstocks 'Fereley' and 'St. Julien A', significantly higher fruit set and yields were achieved in comparison to control. Clonal rootstocks induced an increase in the yield per hectare ranging from 72% to 93% compared to Myrobalan. The highest yield efficiency was found in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock, followed by the yields observed in the trees on the 'Pixy' and 'St. Julien A' rootstocks. Significantly higher fruit weight compared to control was obtained in the trees on the 'Fereley' rootstock. Rootstocks did not show any significant effect on the soluble solids and total acid contents of the fruit. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that all three clonal rootstocks showed better results than Myrobalan, and can be recommended for establishing intensive plum plantations with higher planting density. The best results in terms of yield and fruit quality were obtained with the 'Fereley' rootstock.

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