Factors affecting first lactation cumulative monthlymilk yields in Frieswal cattle

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
SPACE Rajeev ◽  
Rajbir Singh ◽  
Ravinder Kumar ◽  
T. V. Raja ◽  
Y. P. Singh Nazim Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Selection Programme

A study was conducted to analyse the effect of various factors on cumulative monthly milk yields in Frieswal cows at Military Dairy Farm, Meerut, over a period of eight years (2006-2013). A total of 441 part lactation records of cows born to 30 Frieswal sires were analyzed using the SAS (2002) software. The least squares’ model developed for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days yields accounted for 13.5, 13.5, 12.8, 12.0, 11.5, 11.6, 11.3, 10.3, 13.7 and 13.7 per cent of the total variation, respectively. The overall least squares’ averages for the cumulative 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days of first lactation yields were estimated as 313.29, 660.83, 998.19, 1321.58, 1627.06, 1916.78, 2201.26, 2445.01, 2741.04 and 2972.64 kg, respectively. The effects of sire, season and period of calving were found to be statistically non-significant on any of the cumulative monthly part lactation yields while the regression of monthly part yields on AFC was found to be highly significant (P<0.01). Based on the results it was concluded that the AFC was the most significant factor which alters the cumulative part lactation yields in Frieswal cattle while the other factors like sire of cows, season and period of calving did not alter the part yields significantly. The cows calved during rainy season produce comparatively higher yield followed by summer and winter calvers. It may also be concluded that the genetic selection programme implemented in the Frieswal project resulted in increasing the milk production over the years of study.

scholarly journals Effect of season on production and quality of milk of crossbred dairy cows at Sylhet district government dairy farm in Bangladesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
MA Zaman ◽  
A Ara ◽  
MN Haque
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study was conducted to investigate the seasonal effect on milk production and milk qualities of crossbred dairy cows at DGDF, Sylhet. For these purposes, the data of milk production and milk samples were collected from bulk milk tank at District Govt. Dairy Farm, Sylhet and their qualities were measured by physico-chemical and microbiological tests. The season has a significant effect (p<0.05) on the milk yield and milk quality. The total milk production was highest during the rainy season 3354.00 kg followed by summer 3116.70 kg while the lowest milk production was obtained in winter 2925.50kg. The chemical composition of milk was the lowest in summer 4.27% fat, 3.20% protein, 4.46% lactose and 8.55% SNF and in rainy 3.96% fat, 3.24% protein, 4.49% lactose and 8.53% SNF respectively and the highest in winter 5.30% fat, 3.18% protein, 4.46% lactose and 8.59% SNF. The season had a significant influence on the density and freezing point of the milk (p<0.05). The temperature of the milk varied widely from one season to another season. The temperature was maximum in rainy season 28.77oC while the minimum was 25.80 oC in the winter season. The salt percentage of the milk varied within a small range from one season to another season. During the winter season the average SPC bacteria count was lower compared with the other season, 38.02 ×105 cfu/ml. The highest value was obtained in rainy season 40.50×105 cfu/ml. Coliform bacteria count was on average 4.5×105 cfu/ml in winter, 4.91×105 cfu/ml in summer and 5.46×105 cfu/ml in rainy season. There was no significant difference compared to the value found during the other season. From this study it was found that season had a significant effect on the milk quantity and quality, except for protein, lactose, SNF, SPC and coliforms count.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (3): 52-57

Crossbreeding and litter production in British pigs

1964 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Smith ◽  
J. W. B. King
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Total Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Mortality ◽  
Major Portion ◽  
Litter Production ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Litter Traits ◽  
Breeding Groups

The litter production of various purebred and crossbred groups of pigs were studied in data collected from 1959 to 1961 on some 34,800 litters recorded on over 800 farms in Britain. A least squares analysis was performed to obtain within-farm estimates of performance for five litter traits in sixteen specified breeding groups and to analyse the total variation in litter performance.The ranking of the purebreds and crossbreds is presented. In general there was a lower mortality in crossbred litters which had 2 % more pigs at birth and 5 % more pigs at weaning than purebred litters. The total litter weight at weaning was 10% greater in crossbred litters. Crossbred sows showed more heterosis with 5 % more pigs at birth, 8 % more pigs at weaning and an advantage of 11 % in total litter weight at weaning.Farm differences accounted for a major portion of the total variation n i litter production, 8–9% for litter numbers and 15–25% for litter weights. On the other hand the interactions of farms and breeding groups, though highly significant, contributed only 1–2% of the total variation in litter production.

Genetic factors affecting the milk intake of lambs

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
RW Moore
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
The Other ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Actual Amount ◽  
Genotype Effects

The actual amount of milk produced by a ewe is influenced both by her own potential to produce milk and by the potential of the lamb to obtain it. Two experiments were carried out to investigate the relative importance of these factors. In each experiment there were two genetically different groups of ewes, of which some reared their own single lambs and some reared single lambs from the other group fostered onto them. In both experiments, the effect of the genotype of the lamb was greater than that of the ewe. In the first experiment, during the period 6–24 days after parturition, ewes suckling strong-wool lambs produced 7.2 g/hr more milk than those suckling Peppin lambs, while the strong-wool ewes themselves produced only 4.6 g/hr more than the Peppin ewes. In the second experiment, during the period 0–28 days after parturition, ewes suckling Corriedale lambs produced 11.6 g/hr more milk than those suckling strong-wool Merino lambs, whereas the Corriedale ewes themselves produced only 4.4 g/hr more than the strong-wool Merino ewes. The lamb genotype effects were statistically significant. In a third experiment, in which the strong-wool and medium-wool Merinos were compared when suckling twins, the strong-wool exceeded the medium by 10.8 g/hr in milk production for the period 6-24 days after parturition. Some implications of the results are discussed.

A review of the genetic and non-genetic factors affecting extended lactation in pasture-based dairy systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (8) ◽  
pp. 949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Abdelsayed ◽  
Peter C. Thomson ◽  
Herman W. Raadsma
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Dairy Systems ◽  
Extended Lactation

Milk production per cow has significantly increased over the last 50 years due to the strong genetic selection for increased milk production; associated with this increased production has been a decline in reproductive performance. As a result, superior-yielding cows that have failed to get into calf in a traditional 12-month calving system may be carried over and milked continuously for another 6 months instead of being culled. Studies indicate that cows are able to achieve lactations greater than 305 days and up to 670 days under pasture-based systems, with and without the use of supplementary feeds. Extended lactations of 16 months are most common and economically viable in Australian dairy systems. These findings indicate a potential role for extended lactation in countries such as Australia, where pasture-based dairy systems in which Holstein-Friesian dairy cows predominate. However, variation between cows in their milk yield profiles and the ability of cows to reach a planned dry-off date over an extended lactation occurs depending on the cow’s genetic strain, nutrition and environmental interactions, with certain strains of cow being better suited to extended lactation than others. The focus of this review is to examine the scope for genetic improvement as well as important considerations (non-genetic factors) when selecting suitable animals for extended lactation in pasture-based dairy systems, with an emphasis on Australian systems. These considerations include the impacts of cow strain, nutrition, milk production, and biological and economical costs associated with extended lactation. Methods for modelling extended lactation and estimating genetic parameters of lactation persistency, milk yield and component traits under extended lactation will be addressed and future directions for further research suggested.

Lactation curves of Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian x Gir cows

1979 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Madalena ◽  
M. L. Martinez ◽  
A. F. Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Lactation Curve

ABSTRACTLinear y = a′ + b′x and gamma type y = ea−cx xb models for the lactation curve (y = daily production on day x of lactation) were adjusted to daily production records of 870 lactations. Within- lactations pooled R2 = 0·71 and R2 = 0·74 were respectively obtained for the linear and gamma type models, the latter being preferred for further analyses on account of its general validity under varied circumstances.The parameters a, b, c of individual gamma type lactation curves were analysed by least squares within a subset of 634 lactations from Holstein-Friesian (HPB), 1/2 HPB: 1/2 Gir (F1) and 3/4 HPB: 1/4 Gir (B1) cows. Crossbreds had both higher initial production and higher persistency of lactation than purebred cows. F1's had higher initial production than B1's, both groups having similar persistency of lactation. Cows calving during the rainy season had higher initial production than cows calving in the dry season, which, however, had more persistent lactations. Parity affected only the initial production a parameter, which was lower for first calvers, while the other parity classes had similar a values.

SOURCES OF VARIATION IN BEEF CATTLE WEANING WEIGHT

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-769 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. DINKEL ◽  
W. L. TUCKER ◽  
D. M. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Total Energy ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
High Energy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Energy Consumption ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Sources Of Variation

Milk production, body condition, body weight and individual feed records for 196 2-yr-old heifers and their calves were used to evaluate sources of variation in weaning weight and its two major components, total energy consumption for the year and efficiency of energy use, defined as weaning weight divided by total energy for cow and calf. Four breed groups of cows including 29 Hereford, 73 Simmental × Hereford, 68 Angus × Hereford and 26 Tarentaise × Hereford were represented over the 6-yr period. Long-horn bulls sired the calves in all but the first 2 yr when Angus bulls were used. Sources of variation were evaluated by fixed model least squares and multiple regression analyses. The least squares analysis indicated the Hereford and Angus × Hereford differed only in level of condition both at calving and at weaning, with the Angus cross slightly fatter. The Simmental cross was highest in calving condition and equal to the Angus in weaning condition. The Simmental and Tarentaise crosses were similar and significantly different from the other breed groups in milk production and weaning weight of first calves. The Tarentaise cross was different from the other three groups in cow weight at weaning, cow efficiency and condition at weaning. The Tarentaise cross and Hereford group had lowest total cow and calf energy consumption, with Simmental cross highest and Angus cross intermediate. The Simmental cross achieved a high weaning weight through high energy consumption and slightly above average efficiency, while the Tarentaise group utilized high efficiency along with low energy consumption. The breed of dam by sex of calf interaction was significant for cow efficiency which has some implication for efficiency experiments that depend on group feeding. Standard partial regressions indicated that year followed by cow condition at weaning and milk production were leading sources of variation in weaning weight and efficiency. Year and cow weight at weaning were leading sources for total energy consumption. Cow weight at weaning was of least importance in determining weaning weight and efficiency. Key words: Weaning weight, cow efficiency, energy consumption, beef cattle

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Cases and Deaths of COVID-19 Victims

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Jerald M. Velasco ◽  
Wei-Chun Tseng ◽  
Chia-Lin Chang
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
The Other ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Preliminary Study

This paper attempts to find the factors that affect the number of cases and deaths of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients a year after the first outbreak in Wuhan, China. There were 141 countries affected with COVID-19 involved in the study. Countries were grouped based on population. Using ordinary least squares regression, it was found that the total number of cases and deaths were significantly related with the levels of population of the different countries. On the overall, median age of the country, and average temperature are positively related with the number of deaths from the virus. On the other hand, population density is positively related with the deaths due to COVID for low populated countries. The result of this preliminary study can be used as a benchmark for authorities in the formulation of policies with regards to treating COVID-19 related issues.

Sources and uses of information on a West Coast dairy farm

2002 ◽  
pp. 31-32
Author(s):  
C. Van der Geest
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Time Pressure ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Financial Benefit ◽  
Nitrogen Response ◽  
Directional Information

I am a 30-year-old sharemilker on my parent's 600 cow developing farm near Blackball on the western side of the Grey Valley. Earlier this year I competed in the National Young Farmer of the Year competition and finished a close third. So what is information? There are two types of information that I use. There is data gathered from my farm to help fine tune the running of the day to day operations on the farm And directional information This is the information that arrives in papers and directs the long-term direction and plans of the farm and farming businesses. Due to the variability in weather on the Coast there is a greater need to monitor and adjust the farming system compared to an area like Canterbury. This was shown last year (2001/02) when the farm was undergoing a rapid period of development and I was under time restraints from increasing the herd size, building a new shed as well as developing the farm. The results of the time pressure was that day to day information gathering was lower resulting in per cow production falling by 11% or around $182 per cow. So what information was lacking that caused this large drop in profit. • Pasture growth rates • Cow condition • Nitrogen requirements • Paddock performance • Milk production • Pre-mating heat detection As scientists and advisers I hear you say that it is the farmer's responsibility to gather and analyse this information. You have the bigger topics to research and discover, gene marking, improving pasture species, sexing of sperm and ideas that I have not even contemplated yet. This is indeed very valuable research. Where would farming be without the invention of electric fences, artificial breeding and nitrogen research? But my problem is to take a farm with below average production to the top 10% in production with the existing technology and farming principles. I have all the technical information I need at the end of a phone. I can and do ring my consultant, fertiliser rep, vet, neighbour and due to the size and openness of New Zealand science, at present if they do not know I can ring an expert in agronomy, nutrition, soils and receive the answer that I require. I hope that this openness remains as in a time of privatisation and cost cutting it is a true advantage. I feel that for myself the next leap in information is not in the growing of grass or production of milk but in the tools to collect, store and utilise that information. This being tied to a financial benefit to the farming business is the real reason that I farm. Think of the benefits of being able to read pasture cover on a motorbike instantly downloaded, overlaying cow intake with milk production, changes in cow weight, daily soil temperature and predicted nitrogen response. Telling me low producing cows and poor producing paddocks, any potential feed deficits or surpluses. This would be a powerful information tool to use. The majority of this information is already available but until the restraints of time and cost are removed from data gathering and storage, this will not happen.

Analysis of Economic Factors Affecting the Dairy Farm Profitability

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-107
Author(s):  
Kyeong Soo Jeong ◽  
◽  
Dongmyung Lee ◽  
Mirang Seo ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Farm Profitability

scholarly journals Salinity and freshwater discharge determine rotifer distribution at the Mossoró River Estuary (Semiarid Region of Brazil)

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
AMA. Medeiros ◽  
JEL. Barbosa ◽  
PR. Medeiros ◽  
RM. Rocha ◽  
LF. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Freshwater Discharge ◽  
The Other ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Inverse Estuary ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance

The present study aimed at evaluating differences in rotifer distribution in three estuarine zones in an inverse estuary located in the Semiarid Region of Brazil. Zones were chosen based on their proximity to the ocean and river border as a means of reflecting a horizontal salinity gradient. High freshwater discharge during the rainy season was the major determinant of rotifer composition. On the other hand, due to higher salinity values during the dry season, very low values of species richness and abundance were observed in all zones. Therefore, the study highlights the constraints of salinity and the positive influence of seasonality and river proximity on rotifer species in a semiarid estuarine environment.

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