scholarly journals White Rust Albugo candida (Pers.) Kuntze, 1797 in Horseradish Crops (Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B. Mey. and Scherb., 1800) in the South of the Far East and Measures to Control it

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Matsishina ◽  
D.I. Volkov ◽  
P.V. Fisenko ◽  
N.G. Boginskaya ◽  
O.A. Sobko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Far East ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Armoracia Rusticana ◽  
White Rust ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect

Background: Horseradish is a valuable agricultural crop with gastronomic and medical significance. It contains mono- and polysaccharides, protein compounds and organic acids, minerals and starch, as well as a rich vitamin complex. Unfortunately, horseradish diseases are still insufficiently studied, while crop losses from them can be quite significant. The purpose of our study was to determine the composition of pathogenic fungi on horseradish Armoracia rusticana G. Gaertn., B.Mey. and Scherb. and to develop measures to combat them. Methods: The research was carried out on horseradish “Atlant” varieties in the plantings of the of FSBSI “Far East Federal Research Center of agrobiotechnology n.a. A.K. Chaika” at 2019-2020. Studies of phytopathogens were carried out in the field conditions and in vitro. Microscopy was performed using Levenhuk D740T, 5,1 MP. Lifelong injuries photofixation was performed using Sony SAL1855. Processing of the microscopy results was carried out using Outfi, PluriIQ, CellProfiler software. In the experiment to study the agent fungicidal efficacy against horseradish diseases, we used: Acrobat WG, Bravo SC, Zummer SC, Consento SC, Infinito SC, Topaz EW, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG, Rajok EW, Proton Extra RG, Ridomil Gold MZ RG. The agents were diluted in doses of 10%, 30% and 70% of the recommended dose, the index of conidia occurrence was calculated, phytotoxicity was carried out. Result: For five iterations, the greatest fungicidal activity was demonstrated by the Acrobat WG, Topaz EW and Proton Extra WG agents. The maximum effectiveness was observed for the agent Ridomil Gold MZ WG. The lowest efficiency was shown by the Infinito SC, Consento SC, Ordan SP, Thiovit Jet WG agents. No phytotoxic effect was found in any of the agents.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the Concord fungicide in the treatment of vegetative rice plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
S. V. Bezmutko ◽  
V. N. Lelyavskaya
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

The results of research into rice sown for grain (2017–2018) are presented. The effectiveness of Concord fungicide (active ingredients tebuconazole, 125 g/l; triadimefon, 100 g/l) against rice Pyricularia was studied. The experiment was conducted in the conditions of the greenhouse experiment in the Primorsky Territory. Artificial inoculation of plants was carried out in the phase of 4–5 leaves with a suspension of conidia of the fungus Pyricularia oryzae Broomeet Cavara (concentration of 100 thousand in 1 ml). The test results were compared with the action of the preparation Favorit (active ingredients tebuconazole, 125 g/l; triadimefon, 100 g/l). Concord fungicide was used once on the next day after inoculation at a normal rate of 0.75; 1.0 and 1.25 l/ha. Under the influence of the preparation, the damage to rice plants decreased by 57.5% (0.75 l/ ha); 70.0 (1.0) and 69.5% (1.25 l/ ha) compared to the control. The use of fungicide contributed to an increase in plant growth by 7.6– 13.3 cm, and panicle length by 1.4–2.9 cm, and had a positive effect on the number of grains and the weight of grains in an ear. With the action of Concord, the mass of 1000 grains increased by 1.38 (0.75 l/ha); 2.14 (1.0) and 3.03 g (1.25 l/ha) compared to the control. The positive effect of fungicidal treatments of rice crops led to obtaining an additional grain yield. Concord does not show a phytotoxic effect and does not have a retardant effect on rice plants. The maximum indicators of biological efficiency were obtained with the use of the preparation at a flow rate of 1.0 and 1.25 l/ha. In agro-climatic conditions of the south of the Far East, Concord fungicide proved to be effective for protecting rice vegetating plants from Pyricularia.

Novel Strobilurin Derivatives Containing Carboxylate Unit as Potential Antifungal Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-311
Author(s):  
Longzhu Bao ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Di Song ◽  
Jingjing Wang ◽  
Xiali Yue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Strobilurin Fungicide ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Control Failures

Background: Due to the extensive use of a single fungicide to control crop diseases, the increase of resistant individuals leads to control failures. The search for molecules with fungicidal activity is still ongoing. Strobilurin is one of the most popularly used fungicides in the agrochemical field. A large number of strobilurin derivatives with both high activity and low toxicity have been developed. Methods: In the present study, a series of novel ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates were efficiently synthesized by the reaction of (E)-methyl 2-(2-(bromom-ethyl)phenyl)-2-methox-yiminoaceta with various carboxylic acids. Their structures were confirmed and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and ESI-MS analysis. Their fungicidal activities against common phytopathogenic fungi from six major cash crops were screened based on the pesticides guidelines for the laboratory bioactivity tests. Results: The primary fungicidal activity test results indicate that all compounds showed a certain inhibitory effect on the growth of 13 plants pathogenic fungi at a concentration of 100 ppm, and Compd. 3 has the most obvious inhibitory effect on all fungi. Further fungicidal activity studies indicate that some of these novel strobilurin derivatives containing carboxylate unit exhibited potential in vitro fungicidal activities at the dosage of 6.25 mg/L-1. Conclusion: A series of the ortho-substituted benzyl carboxylates derivatives containing β- methoxyacrylate moiety were designed and synthesized by modifying the side chain of traditional strobilurin fungicide. Compd. 3, Compd. 2 and Compd. 16 were identified as the most promising candidates for further study.

scholarly journals The problems of soy market development in the far east and the ways of their solutions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1170
Author(s):  
Alexander V Gorlov ◽  
Claudia S. Churilova ◽  
Valery V. Reimer
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Far East ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Market Structures ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Scientific Value ◽  
The Development Trend

<p>Soybean production is the main branch of specialization of agriculture in the south of the Far East, which is due to the unique natural advantages associated with favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of this crop. In Russia, soybean as an agricultural crop has not historically found wide distribution, which is due to the exacting nature of this plant for various factors of production, the undeveloped culture of consumption of soy products in the diet of the population. Therefore soybeans were more used as technical raw materials for the production of the most important products of its processing - oil and meal. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the soybean seeds market in the Far East and develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The methodology of soybean market research is based on the synthesis of economic analysis and applied methods developed in mathematical statistics. The scientific value of the results of the study is to identify the development trend of the soybean market localized in the Far East of Russia and to develop practical recommendations that complement the main provisions of the theory of spatial development and institutional configuration of market structures in the agrarian sphere.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of the composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland and Egypt

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Alicja Wodnicka ◽  
Elżbieta Huzar ◽  
Małgorzata Dzięcioł ◽  
Maria Krawczyk
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Essential Oil Yield

Abstract The yield, composition and fungicidal activity of essential oils obtained from fennel fruits cultivated in Poland (FEOPOL) and Egypt (FEO-EG) were compared. The influence of the duration of hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus on the essential oil yield was studied. The composition of the fennel essential oils was determined by GC-MS method. Studies have shown that FEO-POL and FEO-EG are two distinct chemotypes, which differ in yield and composition. The fennel fruits cultivated in Poland contained 4.14% of essential oil with trans-anethole as a main component. The plant material from Egypt was characterised by low content of essential oil (1.32%) with a predominant share of estragole. The fungicidal activity was tested in vitro against ten species of pathogenic fungi. The best result for FEO-POL was achieved against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea. Antifungal activity of FEO-EG against tested fungi was weak or none.

scholarly journals Scientific Expedition of Employees of the IDR FCTAS RAS to the Regions of the Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Sergey Ryazantsev ◽  
Marina Khramova
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Federal Research ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Far Eastern

From July 7 to 24, 2021, a group of researchers from the IDR of the Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences made an expedition to several border regions of the Far Eastern Federal District. The expedition was carried out within the framework of the RFBR projects No. 19-29-07407 mk "Formation of human capital in the Far East as a factor of economic growth and increasing Russia's competitiveness in the context of integration into the Asia-Pacific region" and No. 20-11-00526 A "International migration in the border regions of Russia: models of population behavior and socio-economic effects.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Biocontrol Agents In Vitro and Potential Application to Reduce Mycotoxins (Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A)

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 752
Author(s):  
Francisco Illueca ◽  
Pilar Vila-Donat ◽  
Jorge Calpe ◽  
Carlos Luz ◽  
Giuseppe Meca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Biocontrol Agents ◽  
Phenyllactic Acid ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

Food bio-preservatives are requested as substituents of chemical pesticides in food. The aim of this study was to carry out a screening of twenty biocontrol agents (BCAs) for their potential fungicidal activity in vitro. Twenty BCAs were tested against ten pathogenic fungi. Some of the cell-free supernatants (CFS) tested showed in vitro antifungal activity versus pathogenic fungi. The highest fungicidal activity was observed in the fermented CFS of Paenibacillus chibensis CECT 375, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 493, and Pantoea agglomerans CECT 850, which showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values of 125 and 250 g/L, respectively. The compounds responsible for the antifungal activity, such as organic and phenolic acids, were determined. Lactic acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, and phenyllactic acid among others can be related to antifungal activity. HPLC-MS/MS analysis showed a reduction of ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) up to 26% (Paenibacillus alvei CECT 2) and 55% (Paenibacillus polymyxa CECT 155), respectively. The present study prompts that metabolism products of BCAs are propitious for the bioconservation of food, due to their ability to reduce the proliferation of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins production.

scholarly journals Synthesis and antifungal activity of new salicylic acid derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicja Wodnicka ◽  
Elżbieta Huzar ◽  
Maria Krawczyk ◽  
Halina Kwiecień
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Nmr Spectra ◽  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Good Activity ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
One Step ◽  
Salicylic Acid Derivatives

Abstract A simple one-step procedure for synthesis of 1-methoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl salicylates and 1-methoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl 2-[(1-methoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl)oxy]benzoates by reaction of salicylic acid with several methyl 2-bromoalkanoates was developed. The reactions were carried out in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate. Conditions for regioselective synthesis of target compounds were established. The developed procedure could be easily applied in the industrial production process. The new salicylic acid derivatives were obtained with satisfactory yields and were characterized by MS and 1H NMR spectra. The fungicidal activity of the prepared compounds was tested in vitro against seven species of plant pathogenic fungi. The best results were observed for 1-methoxy-1-oxoalkan-2-yl salicylates which showed moderate or good activity against Botrytis cinerea and Rhizoctonia solani.

scholarly journals Micropropagation of Plantago camtschatica Link

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Andrzejewska-Golec ◽  
Joanna Makowczyńska
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Far East ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Adventitious Shoot ◽  
Adventitious Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Hypocotyl Explants ◽  
The Far East

The Far East medicinal plant - <em>Plantago camtschatica</em> was propagated in vitro from tips of shoots (obtained in vitro) and from different explants of 4-week-old seedlings: seedling tips, hypocotyls, cotyledons, roots, first leaves. To our knowledge there is no information in literature about in vitro culture of this plantain. MS basal medium, supplemented with 0.6 pM IAA in combination with various cytokinins (BA, KIN, ZEA), was used. After 6 weeks of culture, micropropagation rate (MR) - mean number of buds and shoots per explant - was calculated. Our study proved that <em>P. camtschatica</em> species was amenable to propagation in vitro from different kinds of explants. However, multiplication by adventitious shoot regeneration from hypocotyl explants was found to be the most suitable method for the propagation of this plant. Adventitious shoots could root without stimulation what allows to omit the stage of rooting. The plants obtained as a result of micropropagation were not phenotypically changed.

Is there a regional culture in Russia? Opportunities of using a sociocultural approach in economics

2020 ◽  
pp. 108-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Bryzgalin ◽  
Е. N. Nikishina
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Regional Culture ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Geographical Patterns ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Sociocultural Approach ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Russian Universities

The paper investigates cross-cultural differences across Russian regions using the methodology of G. Hofstede. First, it discusses the most common approaches in measuring culture and the application of the Hofstede methodology in subnational studies. It identifies the critical issues in measuring culture at the regional level and suggests several strategies to address them. Secondly, the paper introduces subregional data on individualism and uncertainty avoidance using a survey of students across 27 Russian universities. The data allow to establish geographical patterns of individualism in Russia. It is demonstrated that collectivism is most prevalent in the Volga region, while individualism characteristic becomes stronger towards the Far East. The findings are robust to the inclusion of various controls and different specifications of the regression model. Finally, the paper provides a discussion about the potential of applying the sociocultural approach in economics.

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