Evaluation of Soybean (Glycine max L.) Genotypes on the Basis of Biochemical Contents and Anti-oxidant Enzyme Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akash Sharma ◽  
M.K. Tripathi ◽  
Sushma Tiwari ◽  
Neha Gupta ◽  
Niraj Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Improvement Programme

Background: Soybean is an important leguminous crop. Abnormal weather has played an enormous role in the strident decline in crop yields. Drought is considered as a significant abiotic factor responsible for yield reduction in soybean. Methods: The present work was carried out in order to screen soybean genotypes for their drought tolerance ability by means of different biochemical and antioxidant enzymatic activities responses. Conclusion: On the basis of biochemical parameters and anti-oxidant enzymatic activities, soybean genotype viz., RVS-211-77, RVS-211-75, NRC-7, SL-96, NRC-136, AMS100-39, SL-96, RVS-2012-01, RVS-211-73 and JS97-52 have been identified with better performance and can be used as parents for further crop improvement programme to breed drought tolerant variety.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence analysis in indigenously developed Indian soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) germplasm

Genetika ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 401-409
Author(s):  
Hemant Adsul ◽  
Bachubhai Monpara
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cluster Formation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Improvement Programme ◽  
Diverse Groups

Knowledge of the naturally occurring diversity helps to identify diverse groups of soybean genotypes that can be useful for the breeding program. Therefore, this study aims to identify traits that influence the soybean genotypes in cluster formation using D2 analysis. Hundred genotypes of soybean were studied for 15 characters in randomized block design with three replications and grouped into fifteen clusters. The cluster I was the largest with 55 genotypes followed by cluster III containing 17 genotypes and cluster IV containing 16 genotypes. The remaining clusters were solitary with single genotype each. The inter-cluster distance was the highest between clusters XIII and XIV (D=38.28) followed by clusters X and XII (D=33.64), XIII and XIV (D=32.71), III and XIV (D=32.06) and XII and XIV (D=31.65). Genotypes falling in these clusters may serve as potential parents for a hybridization programme. Pods per plant contributed the highest in manifestation of total genetic diversity. The presence of clear phenotypic and genotypic differences in the characters under consideration between or among clusters gives us an opportunity to bring about improvement through hybridization of genotypes between these clusters and subsequent selection in the segregating generations. The genotype JS (SH) 131 of cluster XIV, J 606 of cluster X, JS 46-75 of cluster V and Himso 1548 of cluster XV were identified as genetically diverse parents, which can be utilized for future crop improvement programme.

scholarly journals Penampilan Karakter Agronomi 16 Genotip Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) pada Pertanaman Tumpangsari dengan Jagung (Zea mays L.) Pola 3:1

Jurnal Agro ◽  
10.15575/436 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Acep Atma Wijaya ◽  
Hana D Rahayu ◽  
Adi R. H. Oksifa ◽  
Meddy Rachmadi ◽  
Agung Karuniawan
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Agricultural Commodity ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L

Kedelai merupakan komoditas pertanian yang sangat penting di Indonesia. Namun, produksi kedelai nasional belum dapat memenuhi kebutuhan kedelai nasional. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan menerapkan pola tanam tumpangsari kedelai dengan jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari genotip kedelai yang mampu beradaptasi pada pertanaman tumpangsari dengan jagung pola 3:1 serta menghitung produktivitas penggunaan lahan setiap genotip pada pertanaman tumpangsari dengan jagung pola 3:1. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). 16 genotip kedelai digunakan sebagai perlakuan, dan diulang sebanyak dua kali. Untuk melihat respons genotip pada pertanaman tumpangsari dilakukan dengan uji Least Significant Increase (LSI) pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Pendugaan produktivitas lahan pada setiap genotip dihitung berdasarkan nilai Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan genotip kedelai yang memperlihatkan respons paling baik pada pertanaman tumpangsari kedelai jagung dibandingkan kultivar cek untuk tinggi tanaman yaitu genotip BTN 5 dan JT 3, karakter jumlah cabang produktif yaitu genotip BTN 5, karakter luas daun dan indeks luas daun yaitu genotip JT 3, karakter sudut daun yaitu genotip CK 6, karakter bobot per plot yaitu genotip KBI 2, dan Nisbah Kesetaraan Lahan yaitu genotip CK 6 dan KBI 2.Genotip   BTN 1, BTN 2, BTN 5, CK 15, CK 6, JT 3, KA 6, KA 7, KBI 2, KH 8, Cikuray dan Malikka memiliki nilai NKL lebih besar dari 1,0. Soybean is one of important agricultural commodity in Indonesia. However, the national soybean production is not sufficient to meet the needs of national soybean. Effort to do is by applying an intercropping soybean with corn. The objectives of the research was to find soybean genotypes that can adapt to intercropped plantation with corn in pattern of 3 : 1 as well as the productivity of the land use of each genotype in intercropping with maize in 3 : 1 pattern. The research used an experimental method randomized block design (RBD), 16 soybean genotypes as treatments, and repeated twice. To see the response of genotype in intercropping planting was done by using Least Significant Increase (LSI) at the level of significant 5%. Estimation of land productivity on each genotype was calculated with Land Equation Ratio value. The results showed that the best response of soybean genotype compared checks cultivar for plant height were genotype BTN 5 and JT 3, character number of productive branches was genotype BTN 5, the character of leaf area and leaf area index was genotype JT 3 , leaf angle character was genotype CK 6, characters of weights per plot was KBI 2 genotype and Land Equation Ratio value were  CK 6 and KBI 2. Genotypes of BTN 1, BTN 2, BTN 5, CK 15, CK 6, JT 3, KA 6, KA 7, KBI 2, KH 8, Cikuray and Malikka had Land Equivalent Ratio values greater than 1.0.

COMPARATIVE CONSUMPTION AND UTILIZATION OF FLORIDA BEGGARWEED AND TWO SOYBEAN GENOTYPES BY PSEUDOPLUSIA INCLUDENS LARVAE (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mark Beach ◽  
James W. Todd
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pseudoplusia Includens ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Insect Resistant

Larvae of the soybean looper (SBL), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), were reared on three food types: soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, genotypes ‘Kirby’ (insect susceptible) and GatIR 81-296 (insect resistant), and Florida beggarweed, (Desmodium tortuosum (Swartz) de Candolle. Larval development was longest on GatIR 81-296 (16.7 days) followed by beggarweed (15.5 days) and Kirby (14.1 days). Total consumption and relative consumption rate by ultimate (6th) instar SBL were significantly greatest on Kirby with no difference noted in consumption between GatIR 81-296 and beggarweed. However, approximate digestibility and efficiency of conversion of ingested food by ultimate instars were significantly greatest on beggarweed compared with the two soybean genotypes. Ultimate instar weight gain and growth rate were similar for larvae restricted to Kirby and beggarweed, while larvae restricted to GatIR 81-296 had significantly reduced weight gain and growth rate. Pupal weights of individuals reared on GatIR 81-296 also were significantly reduced compared with those in the Kirby and beggarweed treatments. SBL larvae consumed less beggarweed foliage (mg dry weight) than Kirby soybean, yet compensated to some extent by utilizing beggarweed foliage more efficiently. Beggarweed proved to be a better source of larval nutrition for SBL than the insect-resistant soybean genotype GatIR 81-296.

Preimaginal Development of Cotesia marginiventris (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on Insect-Resistant Soybean Genotypes2

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. McCutcheon ◽  
M. J. Sullivan ◽  
S. G. Turnipseed
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Time ◽  
Cotesia Marginiventris ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Preimaginal Development ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Looper ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The preimaginal development of the parasitoid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) was observed in soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens Walker, on different genotypes of soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill. Larvae were reared from eclosion on resistant soybean breeding lines, ED73-371 and D75-10230, both having PI 229358 as the resistance source, or on susceptible cultivars, ‘Bragg’ and ‘Braxton.’ Parasitized larvae consumed less foliage than nonparasitized larvae. Parasitized larvae, regardless of soybean genotype, also weighed less than nonparasitized larvae that fed on susceptible varieties. The developmental time of C. marginventris intrahost was not affected by the hosts' feeding on resistant germplasm. In field cages which contained only one of the soybean genotypes (no choice), parasitization of soybean looper among soybean genotypes was significantly greater in loopers collected from resistant genotypes for one generation during 1986. The resistant genotypes also had greater percentages of undeveloped parasitoids.

scholarly journals Physiological traits and yield of three soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) genotypes as affected by water deficiency

2018 ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Oqba Basal ◽  
András Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Area Index ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Significant Yield

Soybean is a very important legume; it has the highest protein content, and it is a very important source of vegetable oil. Soybean is droughtsusceptible, and drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that has been increasing over the past decades as a result of the global climatic changes. To evaluate the influence of drought stress, three soybean genotypes were grown under rainfed conditions, and compared to irrigated controls. The obtained results showed that the chlorophyll content, leaf area index and plant height decreased under drought stress conditions, which led to noticeable and sometimes significant yield reduction. Our results suggest more specific studies on the physiological changes of the local soybean genotypes under drought stress to better select the adopted ones.

Identification of novel haplotype of a cyst nematode resistance gene, GmSNAP18 in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ik-Young Choi ◽  
Prakash Basnet ◽  
Hana Yoo ◽  
Neha Samir Roy ◽  
Rahul Vasudeo Ramekar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soybean Breeding ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Scn Resistance

Soybean cyst nematode (SCN) is one of the most damaging pest of soybean. Discovery and characterization of the genes involved in SCN resistance are important in soybean breeding. Soluble NSF attachment protein (SNAP) genes are related to SCN resistance in soybean. SNAP genes include five gene families, and 2 haplotypes of exons 6 and 9 of SNAP18 are considered resistant to the SCN. In present study the haplotypes of GmSNAP18 were surveyed and chacterized in a total of 60 diverse soybean genotypes including Korean cultivars, landraces, and wild-types. The target region of exons 6 and 9 in GmSNAP18 region was amplified and sequenced to examine nucleotide variation. Characterization of 5 haplotypes identified in present study for the GmSNAP18 gene revealed two haplotypes as resistant, 1 as susceptible and two as novel. A total of twelve genotypes showed resistant haplotypes, and 45 cultivars were found susceptible. Interestingly, the two novel haplotypes were present in 3 soybean lines. The information provided here about the haplotypic variation of GmSNAP18 gene can be further explored for soybean breeding to develop resistant varieties.

scholarly journals Low Light/Darkness as Stressors of Multifactor-Induced Senescence in Rice Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Ahmed G. Gad ◽  
Habiba ◽  
Xiangzi Zheng ◽  
Ying Miao
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Premature Leaf Senescence

Leaf senescence, as an integral part of the final development stage for plants, primarily remobilizes nutrients from the sources to the sinks in response to different stressors. The premature senescence of leaves is a critical challenge that causes significant economic losses in terms of crop yields. Although low light causes losses of up to 50% and affects rice yield and quality, its regulatory mechanisms remain poorly elucidated. Darkness-mediated premature leaf senescence is a well-studied stressor. It initiates the expression of senescence-associated genes (SAGs), which have been implicated in chlorophyll breakdown and degradation. The molecular and biochemical regulatory mechanisms of premature leaf senescence show significant levels of redundant biomass in complex pathways. Thus, clarifying the regulatory mechanisms of low-light/dark-induced senescence may be conducive to developing strategies for rice crop improvement. This review describes the recent molecular regulatory mechanisms associated with low-light response and dark-induced senescence (DIS), and their effects on plastid signaling and photosynthesis-mediated processes, chloroplast and protein degradation, as well as hormonal and transcriptional regulation in rice.

scholarly journals Pathogenic Variation of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Isolates on Soybean in the United States from 2006 to 2009

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Twizeyimana ◽  
G. L. Hartman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Pathogenic Variation ◽  
Differential Set ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Leaves

The introduction of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the cause of soybean rust, into the United States is a classic case of a pathogen introduction that became established in a new geographical region overwintering on a perennial host (kudzu, Pueraria lobata). The objective of our study was to classify the pathogenic variation of P. pachyrhizi isolates collected in the United States, and to determine the spatial and temporal associations. In total, 72 isolates of P. pachyrhizi collected from infected kudzu and soybean leaves in the United States were purified, then established and increased on detached soybean leaves. These isolates were tested for virulence and aggressiveness on a differential set of soybean genotypes that included six genotypes with known resistance genes (Rpp), one resistant genotype without any known characterized resistance gene, and a susceptible genotype. Three pathotypes were identified among the 72 U.S. P. pachyrhizi isolates based on the virulence of these isolates on the genotypes in the differential set. Six aggressiveness groups were established based on sporulating-uredinia production recorded for each isolate on each soybean genotype. All three pathotypes and all six aggressiveness groups were found in isolates collected from the southern region and from both hosts (kudzu or soybean) in 2008. Shannon's index based on the number of pathotypes indicated that isolates from the South region were more diverse (H = 0.83) compared with the isolates collected in other regions. This study establishes a baseline of pathogenic variation of P. pachyrhizi in the United States that can be further compared with variation reported in other regions of the world and in future studies that monitor P. pachyrhizi virulence in association to deployment of rust resistance genes.

Economic optimum plant density of irrigated early-maturity soybean in southern Alberta

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tram T.N. Thai ◽  
Danny G. Le Roy ◽  
Manjula S. Bandara ◽  
James E. Thomas ◽  
Francis J Larney
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Seeding Density ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lower Plant

With soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed cost increasing in Alberta, understanding economic optimum plant density (EOPD) could help growers save on input expenses. A study was conducted at two irrigated locations in southern Alberta (Bow Island and Lethbridge), in three growing seasons (2014–16), using two maturity group (MG) 00 soybean genotypes, two row spacings (RS; narrow, 17.5 cm; wide, 35 cm), and three seeding densities (SD; 30, 50 and 80 seeds m-2). Exponential plant density-yield relationships were used to estimate EOPD. The earlier MG 00.4 genotype compensated yield at lower plant density (39 vs. 43 plants m-2) and emergence (74 vs. 80%) than the later MG 00.8 genotype. The EOPD gaps between environments, genotypes, and RS were minimal (from 1–3 plants m-2), resulting in only 1.3–2.0% differences in grain yield (37–56 kg ha-1), and gross revenue at EOPD ($16–24 ha-1). The overall EOPD estimate was 46 plants m-2, regardless of environment, genotype or RS. The study highlighted the difference between agronomic production and profit maximization in choosing an optimum plant density, and the need to establish a seeding density calculator for irrigated soybean in southern Alberta.

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