scholarly journals The Revision Patterns and Intentions in L1 and L2 by Japanese Writers: A Case Study

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshiyuki Takagaki
Keyword(s):  
Control Structure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Revision Control ◽  
L1 And L2

This case study investigated the revising patterns and intentions in L1 and L2 of Japanese writers with various writing experiences. Three participants were selected through purposeful sampling to do within-case comparisons. One participant was an experienced writer in both Japanese and English; one was an experienced writer in Japanese, but not in English; the other was an inexperienced writer in both Japanese and English. Using think-aloud protocols, these participants produced two revised essays in Japanese and two revised essays in English. The revised texts, think-aloud protocols, and retrospective interviews were analyzed to identify revision patters and revision intentions. first, it was found that all three writers produced many more revisions in Japanese than in English. Second, it was found that these writers showed similar revising intentions across languages. These findings were interpreted in terms of revision control structure, which is gained through writing experiences.

scholarly journals Insight into Gender Effect on EFL Writing Strategies in the Narrative and Expository Genres: A Case Study of Multilingual College Students in Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Latifa El Mortaji
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Use ◽  
The Other ◽  
Writing Strategies ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Significant Difference

Research on gender and writing strategies in English as a foreign language (EFL) is scarce. This study investigates whether Moroccan male and female undergraduates use similar or different writing strategies when composing essays in the narrative and expository genres. Using think-aloud as a main research tool, a questionnaire, and retrospective interviews, the researcher collected data pertaining to male and female students’ strategy use and cognitive processes while writing in EFL. The analysis of 64 think-aloud protocols revealed Moroccan undergraduates’ use of a variety of writing strategies in terms of type and frequency. Both main types and subtypes of writing strategies emerged. Two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that each gender group used some writing strategies more frequently than the other group; however, this difference in frequency of use was not statistically significant. In addition, the interaction of gender, writing strategy use, and discourse type yielded a significant difference in the use of the strategy of codeswitching only (i.e., language switch). On the other hand, the qualitative analysis of the protocols and interviews revealed a large variation between males and females in the use of the twelve strategies under investigation, together with overall writing behaviors. These strategies shall be presented together with recommendations for teaching composition in the EFL classroom.

scholarly journals Think-aloud Protocols – A Useful Tool for Investigating the Linguistic Aspect of Translation1

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Künzli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Cognitive Aspect ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
The One ◽  
Linguistic Aspect

Abstract Think-aloud protocols (TAPs) have often been used to study the cognitive aspect of translation. This paper shows their usefulness for investigating the linguistic aspect of translation. Examples are drawn from material collected in 40 think-aloud sessions over several years. The participants were professional translators or trainee translators. The language pairs involved are French-German and French-Swedish. The translational linguistic problems discussed fall into the following categories: a) grammatical (the interpretation of French participial clauses), b) textual (the use of connectors), c) functional (different realizations of one and the same linguistic function in French on the one hand, and in German and Swedish on the other), and d) sociolinguistic (the rendering of the formal vous into Swedish by the more formal ni or the less formal du).

Who said it? Voices in news translation, from a semiotic perspective

Semiotica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (207) ◽  
pp. 411-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rovena Troqe ◽  
Jacques Fontanille
Keyword(s):  
Translation Studies ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
News Production ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Semiotic Approach ◽  
Semiotic Perspective ◽  
General Method ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn Translation studies, it has long been understood that when translation is integrated into journalism, concepts such as equivalence and authorship become highly problematic. However, there is still no reference to a general method that might explain why news production impacts the very process of translation and affects the translated texts themselves. In this paper, we introduce a new semiotic approach that measures shifts in translated texts by using semiotic modalities and relates these shifts to axiologies by actants of the practice of translation. Translated texts by an Italian weekly magazine are adopted as a case study and an analysis of the textual corpora is coupled with think-aloud protocols by editors. The semiotic approach reveals that the actantial dynamics are conflictual: while the translators’ performance is compatible with the equivalence value, journalists endorse values that result in the content of the original being altered. The divergence between the axiology of the actant initiating the practice and the axiology pursued by the translators affects the way the concept of translation is generated.

scholarly journals Competing Activation of L1 and L2 in L3 Production—Evidence from a Case Study of Mongolian Native College Students from the Perspective of Think-aloud Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. p36
Author(s):  
Hai Mei ◽  
Chen Yajie
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Quantitative Research Methods ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Activation Status

This article presents six case studies of L3 production performed by trilinguals in China, aiming to explore the activation status of L1 and L2 during L3 production. Six Mongolian native college students participated as research subjects, and qualitative and quantitative research methods including a think-aloud writing test and interviews, were adopted to examine which language, Mongolian L1 or Chinese L2, were more readily activated in the process of English L3 production, as well as, what roles L1 and L2 play in the process of L3 production and what factors contribute to the activation of L1 and L2. The findings show that Mongolian L1 and Chinese L2 are activated competitively in the process of English L3 production, but for different learners, they are activated to different levels and play different roles. The recency use of background languages, language proficiency and the medium of instruction are decisive factors in determining the activation levels of Mongolian L1 and Chinese L2 for Mongolian native college students in China. Language proficiency, the type and amount of exposure to L3 and the perceived language distance are the factors that contribute the most to activation of L1 and L2 during L3 production.

scholarly journals Deep Learning Accelerators: A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Bolhasani ◽  
Somayyeh Jafarali Jassbi
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Almost All ◽  
L1 And L2 ◽  
Accuracy Speed

Abstract In the recent years, deep learning has become one of the most important topics in computer science. Deep learning is a growing trend in the edge of technology and its applications are now seen in many aspects of our life such as object detection, speech recognition, natural language processing, etc. Currently, almost all major sciences and technologies are benefiting from the advantages of deep learning such as high accuracy, speed and flexibility. Therefore, any efforts for improving performance of related techniques is valuable. Deep learning accelerators are considered as hardware architecture, which are designed and optimized for increasing the speed, efficiency and accuracy of computers that are running deep learning algorithms. In this paper, after reviewing some backgrounds about deep learning, a well-known accelerator architecture named MAERI is investigated. By using an open source tool called MAESTRO, the performance of a deep learning task is measured and compared on two different data flow strategies: NLR and NVDLA. Measured performance indicators of novel optimized architecture, NVDLA shows higher L1 and L2 computation reuse and lower total runtime (cycles) in comparison to the other one.

scholarly journals A Qualitative Investigation of Pragmatic Development in Foreign and Target Context

2018 ◽  
pp. 158-192
Author(s):  
Ayşegül Takkaç-Tulgar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Pragmatic Competence ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Pragmatic Development ◽  
Second Languages ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Pragmatic Knowledge

The effects of learning environment on language development in general and pragmatic competence have received increasing attention in the last few decades. The existing studies examined the effects of ESL and EFL settings on pragmatic development from a variety of standpoints. Taking these studies as the basis, this comparative case study aimed to investigate the effects of target context and foreign context on the pragmatic development of two groups of learners, one learning a foreign language (English) and the other learning a second language (Turkish). What differentiates this study from the previous ones is that it compares the cases of learning foreign and second languages (by two different student groups) in the same country (Turkey) The participants, selected on purposeful sampling, were one group of Turkish learners of English in an EFL department in Turkey and the other group was learners from different nationalities learning Turkish in Turkey. The data were collected through participants’ self-reports, interviews and in-class observations by the researcher. The content analysis mainly revealed that the foreign context did not offer learners adequate chances for exposure to and practice in the target language, which negatively influenced their pragmatic development. However, the target context provided ample chances of natural and authentic communication in which learners of Turkish could develop their pragmatic knowledge and production. Based on these results, some pedagogical and practical suggestions are provided.        

scholarly journals A Think-Aloud Study: Listening Comprehension Strategies Used by Primary School Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Berker Bulut ◽  
İhsan Seyit Ertem
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Comprehension Strategies ◽  
Think Aloud ◽  
School Students ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Comprehension Process ◽  
Cognitive Activities

The purpose of this research is describing and comparing the listening-comprehension strategies used by the students who are identified as successful and less successful about listening. In the research, the case study pattern was used among the qualitative research approaches. In the study, different situations of each student within the same group were examined. The study was carried out in 2017 with four students who attend the fourth grade of the primary school at the middle socioeconomic level in Efeler district of Aydın city. The data related to the cognitive processes used by the students who are selected using sampling of maximum diversity from purposeful sampling methods, during listening were obtained through the method of think aloud, which is one of the utmost effective ways of describing the cognitive activities in the listening comprehension process and of the comprehension strategies used in this process. When the data obtained from the think-aloud method was interpreted, it has been observed that the listening-comprehension strategies used by students differed. It has been determined that students who are identified as successful listener use more strategies on their listening comprehension process. Consequently, it is possible to state that the students are unaware of using the listening comprehension strategies since they are very little. It was also concluded that students who were identified as both successful and unsuccessful listeners have reached less the level of evaluation in terms of strategies.

Are Subjective Reports of Conscious Recollection Valid? Evidence from Think Aloud Protocols

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey K. Boman ◽  
David P. McCabe ◽  
Amanda E. Sensenig ◽  
Matthew G. Rhodes ◽  
Meghan T. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Think Aloud ◽  
Think Aloud Protocols ◽  
Conscious Recollection ◽  
Valid Evidence ◽  
Subjective Reports

Development and regional planning within the decentralized administrative frame: case study (the Jordanian Experiment)

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-72
Author(s):  
Mansour Safran
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
The Other ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Administrative Procedures ◽  
The Way

This aims to review and analyze the Jordanian experiment in the developmental regional planning field within the decentralized managerial methods, which is considered one of the primary basic provisions for applying and success of this kind of planning. The study shoed that Jordan has passed important steps in the way for implanting the decentralized administration, but these steps are still not enough to established the effective and active regional planning. The study reveled that there are many problems facing the decentralized regional planning in Jordan, despite of the clear goals that this planning is trying to achieve. These problems have resulted from the existing relationship between the decentralized administration process’ dimensions from one side, and between its levels which ranged from weak to medium decentralization from the other side, In spite of the official trends aiming at applying more of the decentralized administrative policies, still high portion of these procedures are theoretical, did not yet find a way to reality. Because any progress or success at the level of applying the decentralized administrative policies doubtless means greater effectiveness and influence on the development regional planning in life of the residents in the kingdom’s different regions. So, it is important to go a head in applying more steps and decentralized administrative procedures, gradually and continuously to guarantee the control over any negative effects that might result from Appling this kind of systems.   © 2018 JASET, International Scholars and Researchers Association

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