Regression of atherosclecrotic lesions: medicinal and alimentary factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (9) ◽  
pp. 668-671
Author(s):  
S. V. Magaeva ◽  
A. A. Kubatiev ◽  
E. A. Shirokov ◽  
V. B. Simonenko
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

The article reports results of clinical studies aimed to elucidate the influence of medicines on the size and density of atherosclerotic plaques in the walls of coronary and cerebral arteries. The phenomenon of regression of atherosclerotic lesions in the survivors of Leningrad siege during a long period of starvation is analyzed. The influence of inhibitors of angiotensinconverting enzyme on apoptosis of smooth muscle and foam cells of atherosclerotic plaques in the sanological mechanisms of atherosclerosis is discussed. The concept of natural regression of atherosclerosis is formulated and the necessity of development of the methods for is pharmacological activation are formulated.

scholarly journals Implication of miR-155-5p and miR-143-3p in the Vascular Insulin Resistance and Instability of Human and Experimental Atherosclerotic Plaque

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula González-López ◽  
Carla Ares-Carral ◽  
Andrea R. López-Pastor ◽  
Jorge Infante-Menéndez ◽  
Tamara Gonzalez-Illanes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Standard Type ◽  
Plaque Instability ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Human Atherosclerosis ◽  
Factor Type ◽  
First World

Abstract Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the main cause of death in first world countries, being atherosclerosis, a recurring process underlying their apparition. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of their target proteins. Therefore, they have emerged as key players in diseases like cancer, diabetes, or CVDs.Methods: Apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice fed a standard type diet (STD) or high fat diet (HFD) for 8 and 18 weeks was compared to wild type (WT) STD-fed groups for the same time. 18 miRNAs were selected (from pubmed and GEO database) for their possible role in promoting atherosclerosis and were analysed by RT-qPCR in the aorta from the experimental model. Afterwards, the altered miRNAs in the aorta from 18 weeks-ApoE-/- mice were studied in human healthy aortic samples, human early aortic atherosclerotic plaques, and human advanced carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Results: From the 18 miRNAs analyzed, miR-155-5p was overexpressed and miR-143-3p was downregulated in mouse and human atherosclerotic lesions. In addition, a significant decrease of protein kinase B (AKT), target of miR-155-5p, and an increase of insulin-like growth factor type II receptor (IGF-IIR), target of miR-143-3p, were noted in aortic roots from ApoE-/- mice and in carotid plaques from ACA patients. Finally, both miRNAs were studied on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cell lines. The overexpression of miR-155-5p reduced AKT levels and its phosphorylation in vascular smooth muscle cells. MiR-143-3p overexpression decreased IGF-IIR reducing apoptosis in vascular cells. Conclusions: Our results suggest that miR-155-5p and miR-143-3p may be implicated in insulin resistance and plaque instability by the modulation of their targets AKT and IGF-IIR, contributing to the progression of experimental and human atherosclerosis.Trial Registration: authorization numbers PFS09-007 and PI1442016.

Abstract TP228: Fluorescent Pegylated Nanoparticles are Localized in Macrophage-rich but Relatively Stable Human Carotid Atheromata

Stroke ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Kyoung Lee ◽  
Hyo-Jin Kim ◽  
Young Jun Choi ◽  
Joo Young Kwon ◽  
Jeong-Yeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foam Cell ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Foam Cell Formation ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Type I ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Pegylated Nanoparticles

Background: Foam cell macrophages to produce matrix-disorganizing proteolytic enzymes may render atherosclerotic plaques prone to rupture, which causes thromboembolic stroke. Macrophages within atherosclerotic lesions were reported to take up low density lipoprotein (LDL)-sized nanoparticles by fluid-phase pinocytosis, indicating that fluid-phase pinocytosis of LDL is a mechanism for macrophage foam cell formation in vivo. Objective: To invesigate if fluorescent pegylated nanoparticles that are taken up by macrophages via pinocytosis could visualize vulnerable areas of human atheromata. Methods: Fresh carotid specimens from 36 patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (after 3T carotid MRI) were tissue-cultured in DMEM (4 mL) with the fluorescent molecular imaging probe in 37°C CO 2 incubator. Before and 4 hours after the incubation, molecular optical imaging was performed using a Cy5.5 near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) imaging machine with a charge-coupled device camera. The atherosclerotic plaques were classified according to the American Heart Association Report using 35 microsections (5μm thickness) from various pre-determined regions of selected carotid tissues (n=11). Immunohistochemical staining for macrophages (CD68) was performed using the avidin-biotin-peroxidase method. Results: High risk lesions (AHA Type IV ~ VIII) tended to show more frequent plaque regions with strong CD68 immunoreactivity (22 / 27) than did low risk lesion (2 / 8, p = 0.003). Unexpectedly however, low risk lesions (Type I: intial lesion with foam cells; Type II: fatty steak with multiple foam cell layers) tended to show more frequent in plaque regions with both strong CD68 immunoreactivity and high Cy5.5 NIRF signal (11 / 14) than the others (10 / 21, p = 0.07), suggesting that the nanoparticles could be taken up by relatively fresh foam cells in early atherosclerotic lesions rather than end-stage apoptonecrotic macrophages in advanced atheromata. Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of this on-going prospective study shows that fluorescent pegylated nanoparticles may localize macrophage-rich but relatively stable regions of human atheromata.

Expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. 72-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. Glukhova ◽  
Boris V. Shekhonin ◽  
Howard Kruth ◽  
Victor E. Koteliansky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Immunofluorescence Method ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

An immunofluorescence method was used to study the expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during prenatal development and in atherosclerotic plaques. Aortic SMCs from a 10-wk-old fetus contained cytokeratin 8 in additional to vimentin and a small amount of desmin, whereas, in the cells from a 25-wk-old fetus, cytokeratin 8 was not detected. Cytokeratin 8 was found in the SMCs from intimal thickenings, fatty streaks, and atherosclerotic fibrous plaques. Clusters of cytokeratin 8-positive cells were more abundant in rather advanced lesions (fibrous plaques) that contained at least some amount of lipid. Expression of cytokeratin 8 in the cells of human atherosclerotic lesions probably reflects general rearrangement of gene expression in the intimal cells. cytodifferentiation; fetal phenotype; lipid accumulation

scholarly journals Osteopontin mRNA is expressed by smooth muscle-derived foam cells in human atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta.

1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 2814-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikeda ◽  
T Shirasawa ◽  
Y Esaki ◽  
S Yoshiki ◽  
K Hirokawa
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

Expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (4) ◽  
pp. L72-L77
Author(s):  
Marina A. Glukhova ◽  
Boris V. Shekhonin ◽  
Howard Kruth ◽  
Victor E. Koteliansky
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Prenatal Development ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Immunofluorescence Method ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Aortic Smooth Muscle ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions

An immunofluorescence method was used to study the expression of cytokeratin 8 in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) during prenatal development and in atherosclerotic plaques. Aortic SMCs from a 10-wk-old fetus contained cytokeratin 8 in additional to vimentin and a small amount of desmin, whereas, in the cells from a 25-wk-old fetus, cytokeratin 8 was not detected. Cytokeratin 8 was found in the SMCs from intimal thickenings, fatty streaks, and atherosclerotic fibrous plaques. Clusters of cytokeratin 8-positive cells were more abundant in rather advanced lesions (fibrous plaques) that contained at least some amount of lipid. Expression of cytokeratin 8 in the cells of human atherosclerotic lesions probably reflects general rearrangement of gene expression in the intimal cells. cytodifferentiation; fetal phenotype; lipid accumulation

Abstract 3578: Local Atherosclerotic Plaques Hide Information That Is Predictive For The Occurrence Of Adverse Cardiovascular Events And Will Help To Identify The Vulnerable Patient: A Prospective Cohort Study In 667 Patients.

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Pasterkamp ◽  
Willem E Hellings ◽  
Domique De kleijn ◽  
Jean-Paul de Vries ◽  
Cees A Seldenrijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Hide Information ◽  
Vulnerable Patient

Introduction Atherosclerosis is a systemic disease and the risk for ischemic events in any vascular bed increases when one arterial bed has been affected. It could be speculated that atherosclerotic lesions within the vascular bed share common denominators that destabilize multiple atherosclerotic lesions and increase risk for a subsequent cardiovascular event. We hypothesized that atherosclerotic plaques hide a cellular and molecular fingerprint that is shared by many plaques within the same individual, and that some of these characteristics would be predictive for the occurrence of clinical events due to progression of atherosclerotic disease. Methods Atherosclerotic specimens were collected after carotid endarterectomy and patients underwent clinical follow-up for the duration of 3 years. This first report summarizes the results of a study which investigated the predictive value of histological examination atherosclerotic plaques (macrophage and smooth muscle cell infiltration, collagen, calcifications, thrombus and lipid core) for the occurrence of future adverse cardiovascular events. Results A total of 164 (24.7%) of 667 patients reached the composite primary endpoint of myocardial infarction [n=11], PCI [n=14], CABG [n=6] cardiovascular death [n=12], stroke [n=24], cerebral bleeding [n=14], aneurysm surgery [n=8], peripheral artery surgery [n=64], non cardiovascular death [n=11]. The extent of macrophage or smooth muscle cell infiltration, collagen, calcification and lipid core size within the plaque did not predict systemic adverse cardiovascular events during follow up [p>0.20]. However, the presence of thrombus in the dissected plaque was strongly positively associated with reaching the primary endpoint [Cox Regression: Hazard ratio = 1.6; 95% Confidence interval = 1.1 – 2.5]. Conclusion This atherosclerotic biobank with a longitudinal study design allows identifying local plaque markers related with progression of atherosclerotic disease in the entire vascular system. For the first time we show proof of concept that local plaques hide information that may help to identify the vulnerable patient who is likely to suffer a cardiovascular event.

Comparative assessment of the possibilities of multispiral computer tomography and ultrasound dopplerography in the verification of atherosclerotic lesions of major vessels

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
E. A. PRASKURNICHIY ◽  
◽  
A. N. KNYAZEV ◽  
I. I. BEGUNOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Carotid Arteries ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Diagnostic Potential ◽  
Dyscirculatory Encephalopathy

The purpose — to compare the diagnostic potential of multispiral computer tomography and ultrasound dopplerography in the assessment of atherosclerotic lesions of the cerebral arteries in metabolic syndrome. Material and methods. The study included 78 patients. The group consisted of 44 men (56,4%) and 34 women (43,6%); the average age was 62 ± 1,2 years. Coronary heart disease was detected in 54 (69,2%), and no signs were registered in 24 (30,8%). Anamnestically, 19 (24,4%) people were diagnosed with a stroke, and 18 (23%) people had a myocardial infarction. 42 people (53,8%) had verified dyscirculatory encephalopathy of various degrees. 34 (43,6%) people suffered from hypertension. 42 people had disorders of carbohydrate metabolism: 12 (15,3%) — type 2 diabetes, 30 (38,4%) — metabolic syndrome. The patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) persons without metabolic syndrome — 48 people (61.5% of the total number of examined); 2) persons with metabolic syndrome without type 2 diabetes — 18 people (23,1% of the total number of examined); 3) persons with type 2 diabetes — 12 people (15,4% of the total number of examined). Results. Atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries were detected in 78 people by multispiral computer tomography and in 51 patients by ultrasound dopplerography of these vessels. Conclusions. In general, the use of multispiral computer tomography to detect atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular bed is the most preferable in comparison with ultrasound dopplerography, especially in patients with a high risk of cardiovascular events. While for patients who do not belong to this group, ultrasound dopplerography (a simple, accessible, informative technique) can be used as the primary screening.

The Cellular Origin in Atheromatous Lesion

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 202-203
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
H. A. I. Newman ◽  
K. F. Kern
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cells ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Mixed Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Early Lesion

The origin of lipid containing cells in atheromatous lesion has been disputed. Geer in his study on atheromatous lesions of rabbit aorta, suggested that the early lesion is composed mainly of lipid-laden macrophages and the later lesion has a mixed population of macrophages and smooth muscle cells. Parker on the other hand, was able to show evidence that the rabbit lesion is primarily composed of lipid-laden cells of smooth muscle origin. The above studies and many others were done on an intact lesion without any attempt of cellular isolation previous to their ultrastructural studies. Cell isolation procedures have been established for atherosclerotic lesions through collagenase and elastase digestion Therefore this procedure can be utilized to identify the cells involved in rabbit atheroma.

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