LABORATORY DIAGNOSTIC OF HUMAN BABESIOSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 560-564
Author(s):  
I. V. Kukina ◽  
O. P. Zelya ◽  
L. S. Karan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Reference Centre ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Fatal Course ◽  
Human Babesiosis

Human babesiosis caused by parasitic protozoan Babesia spp. is sporadic zoonotic vector-borne infection. The course of babesiosis and prognosis depend on the type of pathogen and on the patient’s immunological status. Significance this disease is a severe, often fatal course with immunocompromissed patients resembling complicated falciparum malaria. In Europe to date, more than 50 cases of confirmed human babesiosis have been reported in most cases caused by Babesia divergens. Possible there are unrecognized cases. Pathogen is an obligate intraerythrocyte parasite of vertebrate animals. The organism is transmitted from animal to man through bite of Ixodidae tick. Asexual reproduction of the parasite occurs in a vertebrate host. The pathogenesis of babesiosis is caused by the destruction of host cells. Intensive haemolysis of red blood cells leads to the development of haemolytic anemia, haematuria, jaundice, and polyorgan failure may develop. The clinical manifestations of the disease are nonspecific. Detection of intraerythrocyte parasites in blood smears stained Gimsa-Romanovsky confirms the proposed diagnosis. Blood smears and some laboratory signs from fatal cases were analyzed in the Reference-centre of E. I. Martsinovskiĭ Institute. Original microphotographs B. divergens are shown. The main morphological forms of the parasite are shown. In addition to the well-known tetrades of parasites «Maltese Cross», for the first time, the parasites dividing into 6 interconnected trophozoites - “sextet” - were found. Originally, the invasion of Babesia in a normoblast is shown. An unusually high multiple invasion (14 parasites) of erythrocytes is noted. Because the patients, initially, were incorrectly diagnosed with malaria, the differential diagnosis of Babesia with Plasmodium is described step-by-step. It is important, since the treatment with antimalarial drugs is ineffective. Deviation laboratory signs are discussed. Complex morphological characteristics allowed us to speciated the parasites as B. divergens. DNA was detected in the sample with specific primers Bab di hsp70F/Bab di hsp70R and the probe Bab di hsp70P. The sequence demonstrated 99-100% and 98% similarity to the 18S rRNA gene fragment of B. divergence and Babesia venatorum, respectively. Molecular biological and serological methods of laboratory diagnosis of babesiosis are considered.

Morphological and molecular characterization of Trypanosoma copemani n. sp. (Trypanosomatidae) isolated from Gilbert's potoroo (Potorous gilbertii) and quokka (Setonix brachyurus)

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (7) ◽  
pp. 783-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. AUSTEN ◽  
R. JEFFERIES ◽  
J. A. FRIEND ◽  
U. RYAN ◽  
P. ADAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bettongia Penicillata ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Common Wombat ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

SUMMARYLittle is known of the prevalence and life-cycle of trypanosomes in mammals native to Australia. Native Australian trypanosomes have previously been identified in marsupials in the eastern states of Australia, with one recent report in brush-tailed bettongs (Bettongia penicillata), or woylie in Western Australia in 2008. This study reports a novel Trypanosoma sp. identified in blood smears, from 7 critically endangered Gilbert's potoroos (Potorous gilbertii) and 3 quokkas (Setonix brachyurus) in Western Australia. Trypanosomes were successfully cultured in vitro and showed morphological characteristics similar to members of the subgenus Herpetosoma. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences identified 2 different novel genotypes A and B that are closely related to trypanosomes previously isolated from a common wombat (Vombatus ursinus) in Victoria, Australia. The new species is proposed to be named Trypanosoma copemani n. sp.

Naumovozyma baii sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species isolated from rotten wood in a tropical forest

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_12) ◽  
pp. 3095-3098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Qiu Liu ◽  
Pei-Jie Han ◽  
Jun-Zhi Qiu ◽  
Qi-Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Yeast Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeast ◽  
Rotten Wood ◽  
D2 Domain ◽  
26S Rrna

Two strains isolated from rotten wood were included in the Saccharomyces group based on morphological characteristics. However, rRNA gene sequence analyses (including the 18S rRNA gene, 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer region) indicated that these two strains represent a novel species of Naumovozyma, for which the name Naumovozyma baii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain: BW 22T = CGMCC 2.04520T = CBS 12642T). The MycoBank number of the new species is MB800484.

scholarly journals Detection of Babesia odocoilei in Humans with Babesiosis Symptoms

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 947
Author(s):  
John D. Scott ◽  
Muhammad S. Sajid ◽  
Emily L. Pascoe ◽  
Janet E. Foley
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Terrestrial Vertebrates ◽  
Day Clinic ◽  
Night Sweats ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Human Babesiosis ◽  
Babesia Spp

Human babesiosis is a life-threatening infectious disease that causes societal and economic impact worldwide. Several species of Babesia cause babesiosis in terrestrial vertebrates, including humans. A one-day clinic was held in Ontario, Canada, to see if a red blood cell parasite, which is present in blacklegged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, is present in humans. Based on PCR testing and DNA sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene, we unveiled B. odocoilei in two of 19 participants. DNA amplicons from these two patients are almost identical matches with the type strains of B. odocoilei in GenBank. In addition, the same two human subjects had the hallmark symptoms of human babesiosis, including night sweats, chills, fevers, and profound fatigue. Based on symptoms and molecular identification, we provide substantive evidence that B. odocoilei is pathogenic to humans. Dataset reveals that B. odocoilei serologically cross-reacts with Babesia duncani. Clinicians must realize that there are more than two Babesia spp. in North America that cause human babesiosis. This discovery signifies the first report of B. odocoilei causing human babesiosis.

scholarly journals Contact lenses contamination by Acanthamoeba spp. in Upper Egypt

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. e0259847
Author(s):  
Faten A. M. Hassan ◽  
M. E. M. Tolba ◽  
Gamal H. Abed ◽  
H. M. Omar ◽  
Sara S. Abdel-Hakeem
Keyword(s):  
Contact Lens ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Acanthamoeba Castellanii ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Free Living Amoeba ◽  
Eye Infection ◽  
Preservative Solutions

Background Acanthamoeba spp. are one of the free-living amoeba that spread worldwide causing keratitis. Owing to the increase in the use of lenses, whether for medical or cosmetic purposes, the incidence of disease increases every year. Contamination of the lenses with the Acanthamoeba trophozoites or cysts may lead to eye infection and cause sight-threatening keratitis in human. We isolated Acanthamoeba spp. from new lenses, used lenses, and contact lens disinfecting solutions and identified them based on morphological characteristics and molecular test. Methods New and used lenses and contact lens disinfecting solutions were cultured on monogenic media. Light and scanning electron microscope was used to identify Acanthamoeba spp. morphological features. Genotype identification was also evaluated using PCR sequencing of 18S rRNA gene specific primer pair JDP1 and JDP2. Results A hundred samples were examined, 29 (29%) were infected with Acanthamoeba spp. That belonged to two strains of Acanthamoeba (Acanthamoeba 41 and Acanthamoeba 68). 18S rRNA of the Acanthamoeba 41 had 99.69% sequence identity to Acanthamoeba castellanii clone HDU-JUMS-2, whereas Acanthamoeba 68 had 99.74% similar pattern to that of Acanthamoeba sp. isolate T4 clone ac2t4 that are morphologically identified as Acanthamoeba polyphaga. The obtained data revealed that the isolated strains belong to T4 genotype that was evolutionarily similar to strains isolated in Iran. Conclusions Cosmetic lenses and disinfectant solutions are a major transmissible mode for infection. This genotype is common as the cause of Acanthamoeba keratitis. To avoid infection, care must be taken to clean the lenses and their preservative solutions and prevent contamination with the parasite.

scholarly journals Prisutnost pijavice Pontobdella muricata (Hirudinea: Piscicolidae) na hrskavičnjačama u Tirenskom moru (Srednje Sredozemlje)

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
Teresa Bottari ◽  
Adriana Profeta ◽  
Daniela Giordano ◽  
Francesco Smedile ◽  
Gina La Spada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Complete Sequence ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
12S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna

This paper provides the first report of the leech, Pontobdella muricata (Linnaeus, 1758), in the Tyrrhenian Sea. The leech was found on the brown ray, Raja miraletus (Linnaeus 1758), and on the spotted ray, Raja montagui (Fowler, 1910), caught by trawling during autumn 2014.Complete sequence of 18S rRNA gene, COI mitochondrial gene and partial sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene corroborate the determination based on morphological characteristics.

scholarly journals Venatorbacter cucullus gen. nov sp. nov a novel bacterial predator

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saeedi ◽  
Nicola J. Cummings ◽  
Denise McLean ◽  
Ian F. Connerton ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences

AbstractA novel Gram-stain negative, aerobic, halotolerant, motile, rod-shaped, predatory bacterium ASxL5T, was isolated from a bovine slurry tank in Nottinghamshire, UK using Campylobacter hyointestinalis as prey. Other Campylobacter species and members of the Enterobacteriaceae were subsequently found to serve as prey. Weak axenic growth on Brain Heart Infusion agar was achieved upon subculture without host cells. The optimal growth conditions were 37 °C, at pH 7. Transmission electron microscopy revealed some highly unusual morphological characteristics related to prey availability. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was related to members of the Oceanospirillaceae family but could not be classified clearly as a member of any known genus. Whole genome sequencing of ASxL5T confirmed the relationship to members the Oceanospirillaceae. Database searches revealed that several ASxL5T share 16S rRNA gene sequences with several uncultured bacteria from marine, and terrestrial surface and subsurface water. We propose that strain ASxL5T represents a novel species in a new genus. We propose the name Venatorbacter cucullus gen. nov., sp. nov. with ASxL5T as the type strain.

scholarly journals Venatorbacter Cucullus Gen. Nov Sp. Nov a Novel Bacterial Predator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Saeedi ◽  
Nicola Cummings ◽  
Denise McLean ◽  
Ian F. Connerton ◽  
Phillippa L. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Subsurface Water ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences

Abstract A novel Gram-stain negative, aerobic, halotolerant, motile, rod-shaped, predatory bacterium ASxL5, was isolated from a bovine slurry tank in Nottinghamshire, UK using Campylobacter hyointestinalis as prey. Other Campylobacter species and members of the Enterobacteriaceae were subsequently found to serve as prey. Weak axenic growth on Brain Heart Infusion agar was achieved upon subculture without host cells. The optimal growth conditions were 37°C, at pH 7. Transmission electron microscopy revealed some highly unusual morphological characteristics related to prey availability. Phylogenetic analyses using 16s rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate was related to members of the Oceanospirillaceae family but could not be classified clearly as a member of any known genus. Whole genome sequencing of ASxL5 confirmed the relationship to members the Oceanospirillaceae. Database searches revealed that several ASxL5 share 16s rRNA gene sequences with several uncultured bacteria from marine, and terrestrial surface and subsurface water. We propose that strain ASxL5 represents a novel species in a new genus. We propose the name Venatorbacter cucullus gen. nov., sp. nov. with ASxL5 as the type strain.

scholarly journals Babesia Species Occurring in Austrian Ixodes ricinus Ticks

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (15) ◽  
pp. 4841-4846 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Blaschitz ◽  
Melanie Narodoslavsky-Gföller ◽  
Michaela Kanzler ◽  
Gerold Stanek ◽  
Julia Walochnik
Keyword(s):  
Ixodes Ricinus ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Haemaphysalis Concinna ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
Babesia Divergens ◽  
Ixodes Ricinus Ticks ◽  
Medical Importance ◽  
Human Babesiosis

ABSTRACT Babesiosis is a tick-transmitted disease of veterinary and medical importance. The first Austrian case of human babesiosis was recently recorded. In the current study, ticks at all life cycle stages (instars), including 853 Ixodes ricinus and 11 Haemaphysalis concinna ticks, from sampling sites throughout Austria were examined for the presence of Babesia spp. by using 18S rRNA gene PCR and sequencing, and the overall mean infection rate was 51.04%. The infection rates for sampling sites were highly variable, ranging from 0% to almost 100%. Different instars and different sexes were infected almost equally. Babesia isolates occurring in Austrian ticks were identified as Babesia divergens, Babesia divergens-like, and Babesia sp. strain DD by sequencing a fragment of the heat shock protein 70 gene and internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of Babesia spp. in Austrian ticks.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Theileria and Babesia species in Tunisian sheep

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed R. Rjeibi ◽  
Mohamed A. Darghouth ◽  
Mohamed Gharbi
Keyword(s):  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Northern Tunisia ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Blood Smear Examination ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Babesia Ovis ◽  
Babesia Spp ◽  
Theileria Spp

In this study, the prevalence of Theileria and Babesia species in sheep was assessed with Giemsastained blood smear examination and polymerase chain reaction to identify the different piroplasms in 270 sheep from three Tunisian bioclimatic zones (north, centre, and south). The overall infection prevalence by Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. in Giemsa-stained blood smears was 2.9% (8/270) and 4.8% (13/270) respectively. The molecular results showed that sheep were more often infected by Theileria ovis than Babesia ovis with an overall prevalence of 16.3% (44/270) and 7.8% (21/270) respectively (p = 0.01). The molecular prevalence by Babesia ovis was significantly higher in females than in males (p < 0.05). According to localities B. ovis was found exclusively in sheep from the centre of Tunisia (Kairouan) whereas Theileria ovis was found in all regions. Infections with T. ovis and B. ovis were confirmed by sequencing. The sequence of T. ovis in this study (accession numbers KM924442) falls into the same clade as T. ovis deposited in GenBank. The T. ovis amplicons (KM924442) showed 99%–100% identities with GenBank sequences. Moreover, comparison of the partial sequences of 18S rRNA gene of B. ovis described in this study (KP670199) revealed 99.4% similarity with B. ovis recently reported in northern Tunisia from sheep and goats. Three nucleotides were different at positions 73 (A/T), 417 (A/T), and 420 (G/T). It also had 99% identity with B. ovis from Spain, Turkey and Iraq. The results suggest a high T. ovis prevalence in Tunisia with a decreasing north-south gradient. This could be correlated to the vector tick distribution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document