Morbidity, mortality, long-term outcomes and sequelae of the treatment of cancer patients in different countries of the world

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Avgust M. Garin ◽  
I. S Bazin
Keyword(s):  
American Woman ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Growth Of Tumor

Due to the gain in the average life expectancy in developed countries there is increased the incidence rate of malignant neoplasms. According to the forecast of the USA National Cancer Institute in the next 20 years every 2nd American man and every third American woman will get sick with cancer, and therefore oncology should be considered to be the main medical specialty. Molecular characterization of tumors will become routine, and it will provide an opportunity via screening to detect precancerous abnormalities and early forms of cancer. Surgery will become mostly organsaving modality, radical mutilating surgery will go down in history, traditional chemotherapy with low selectivity of action will send to the glue factory. In the arsenal there will stay well-aimed «targeted» drugs hitting right on target mechanisms of the uncontrolled growth of tumor cells and their dissemination.

scholarly journals Breast Cancer during Pregnancy—Current Paradigms, Paths to Explore

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayelet Alfasi ◽  
Irit Ben-Aharon
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Risk Benefit Assessment ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Breast cancer is the most common form of malignancy in pregnant women. The prevalence of pregnancy-associated breast cancer (PABC) is up to 0.04% of pregnancies and is expected to rise in developed countries. PABC represents a unique clinical scenario which requires a delicate balance of risks and benefits for both maternal and fetal well-being. Currently, there is paucity of data regarding the short- and long-term outcomes of in-utero exposure to anti-neoplastic agents. In general, when possible, treatment for PABC should follow the same guidelines as in non-pregnant patients. Surgery, including sentinel lymph node biopsy, is possible during all trimesters of pregnancy. Radiotherapy is contraindicated during pregnancy, although it might be considered in highly selected patients based on risk–benefit assessment. Evidence supports that administration of chemotherapy may be safe during the second and third trimesters, with cessation of treatment three weeks prior to expected delivery. Currently, hormonal therapy and anti-HER2 agents are contraindicated during pregnancy and should be postponed until after delivery. Prematurity is associated with worse neonatal and long-term outcomes, and thus should be avoided. While current data on the long-term effects of anti-neoplastic treatments are reassuring, grade of evidence is lacking, hence additional large prospective studies with long-term follow-up are essential to rule out any treatment-induced adverse effects.

scholarly journals Impact of Weather Change Technologies on Global Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-327
Author(s):  
Olena Shevchenko ◽  
Kira Horiacheva
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Global Security ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Monitoring Service ◽  
Holistic Vision ◽  
The 19Th Century

Abstract The article is devoted to assessing the potential impact of the use of technologies for influencing the weather on global security. It is shown that technologies for influencing the weather, which began to be developed at the end of the 19th century, are now actively studied and applied in developed countries of the world in most cases for precipitation management. Examples of the use of such systems by the USA, China, Russia, and the United Arab Emirates are given. According to the authors, the existing methods of influencing the weather for both peaceful and potentially military purposes, and their consequences, are not well studied in the long term. Long-term use of technologies for influencing the weather can have serious negative consequences for security at the local and global level, not only for the country that uses them, but also for neighboring countries and their population. One of the ways to regulate the situation is the creation of a special international monitoring service, which will be responsible for coordinating the use of weather management technologies by states. To achieve the goals set in the article, the authors applied an interdisciplinary method of discourse analysis, since it is the most productive for studying the consequences of using technologies for influencing the weather in the modern geopolitical situation. To determine the potential consequences of the use of technologies for influencing the weather, a systematic approach was used, which made it possible to present a holistic vision of the climatic challenges of influencing the weather in the modern geopolitical situation. The use of the comparative method and the forecasting method allowed to compare the potential of different countries that own and develop technologies for influencing the weather, as well as assess the possible consequences of using technologies for influencing the weather for peaceful and military purposes.

Long-Term Outcomes in the USA

2021 ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Syed Uzair Ahmed ◽  
Gary K. Steinberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
The Usa

Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (ECPR) in Infants and Children: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 582-589
Author(s):  
Aqsa Shakoor ◽  
Felipe E. Pedroso ◽  
Shimon E. Jacobs ◽  
Shunpei Okochi ◽  
Ariela Zenilman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Neurologic Injury ◽  
Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Baseline Characteristics

Background: Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) is increasingly used to rescue patients with cardiac arrest refractory to conventional therapy, necessitating evaluation of factors that may affect outcomes. Methods: A single-center retrospective review of pediatric patients (<21 years old) who underwent ECPR from January 2010 to November 2017. Comparisons between nonsurvivors and survivors, to decannulation and discharge, were made. Factors associated with survival and rate of complications were examined. Results: Seventy patients were supported with ECPR. Forty-nine (70%) patients survived to decannulation and 38 (54%) patients to discharge. There was no statistical difference between baseline characteristics of survivors and nonsurvivors, including age at cannulation, weight (kg), time to cannulation (minutes), and total time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (hours). Survivors to discharge had significantly higher pH prior to cannulation compared to nonsurvivors (7.11 ± 0.24 vs 6.97 ± 0.21, P = .01). Of all, 23.2% of patients received renal replacement therapy (RRT), 39.4% had significant bleeding, 22.5% had thrombotic complications, and 68.8% had neurologic injury on imaging studies. A greater number of nonsurvivors received RRT compared to survivors to discharge (35.5% vs 10.8%, P = .02). There were no differences in bleeding or thrombotic complications or radiographically established neurologic injury. Conclusions: Although ECPR effectively increases overall survival, a better characterization of long-term outcomes is needed.

A survey of public scientific literacy in China

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongliang Zhang ◽  
Jiansheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literacy ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Basic Component ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Scientific Terms ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chinese Public

There is growing recognition in developed countries that public scientific literacy is a basic component of long-term social and economic growth. In recent years, surveys of public scientific literacy have been conducted in the USA, the UK and elsewhere, and various efforts are being made to improve the level of public scientific literacy. The first survey of Chinese public scientific literacy was conducted in September 1990. This paper reports a portion of the statistical results of that survey. It reveals the Chinese public's level of understanding of scientific terms and methods, scientific conclusions, and attitudes towards the impact of science and technology on society. Comparisons are also made with survey data from the USA and the UK.

scholarly journals Attracting and retaining highly educated individuals: Two examples of immigration policies

2018 ◽  
pp. 627-638
Author(s):  
Јelena Predojevic-Despic
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Selection Of

Ensuring more favourable conditions for immigration and circulation of the most educated structures of the foreign-born population has been rapidly becoming one of the most important goals of immigration policies in the economically developed countries. The availability of human capital is the basic precondition for the continuous economic development of every country. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine two successful examples (USA and Canada) of legal solutions to immigration policies for attracting and retaining professionals and highly educated individuals. Their bases are embedded in public policies relating immigrants of the majority of countries, both traditionally immigrant countries and the ones that have turned into immigrant countries. The USA and Canada are selected because they had relatively simple and quick procedures for granting immigrant visas back in the 1990s, which enabled a significant number of our highly educated citizens to immigrate to these two countries after the breakup of the former Yugoslavia. Immigration to the USA is based on a system of preferences and it relies significantly on the selection of immigrants based on the needs of the labour market. Canada?s example shows how through efficient development and in a relatively short period of time, the immigration system has been perfected by scoring, i.e. assessing the potential of human capital as the basic precondition for selecting potential immigrants. At the same time, the rapid development of the multiculturalism policy has created opportunities for successful long-term integration.

Characterization of long-term outcomes for pediatric patients with epithelioid hemangioma

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. e27451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin X. Liu ◽  
Eileen M. Duggan ◽  
Alyaa Al-Ibraheemi ◽  
Raja Shaikh ◽  
Denise M. Adams
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Epithelioid Hemangioma

scholarly journals Childhood Malignant Brain Tumors: Balancing the Bench and Bedside

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6099
Author(s):  
Colin Thorbinson ◽  
John-Paul Kilday
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽  
Neuro Imaging ◽  
Pediatric Brain ◽  
Translational Therapy

Brain tumors are the leading cause of childhood cancer deaths in developed countries. They also represent the most common solid tumor in this age group, accounting for approximately one-quarter of all pediatric cancers. Developments in neuro-imaging, neurosurgical techniques, adjuvant therapy and supportive care have improved survival rates for certain tumors, allowing a future focus on optimizing cure, whilst minimizing long-term adverse effects. Recent times have witnessed a rapid evolution in the molecular characterization of several of the common pediatric brain tumors, allowing unique clinical and biological patient subgroups to be identified. However, a resulting paradigm shift in both translational therapy and subsequent survival for many of these tumors remains elusive, while recurrence remains a great clinical challenge. This review will provide an insight into the key molecular developments and global co-operative trial results for the most common malignant pediatric brain tumors (medulloblastoma, high-grade gliomas and ependymoma), highlighting potential future directions for management, including novel therapeutic options, and critical challenges that remain unsolved.

scholarly journals Long term follow-up care in childhood cancer survivors. Initial experience in H. Inf. Univer. del niño Jesus

ANALES RANM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (138(01)) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Blanca Herrero ◽  
Beatriz Vergara ◽  
Elena Valero ◽  
Luis Madero
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Oncology ◽  
Childhood Cancer Survivors ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Second Tumors ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
The Usa

Currently, in developed countries, cancer is the most frequent cause of mortality in pediatrics in patients older than one year. Thanks to advances in diagnosis, oncological treatment and support, survival in pediatric oncology has increased to around 80% at 5 years. This has increased the detection of long-term side effects and second tumors in long survivors, recently increasing concern and developing specific follow-up models for these patients in the USA. In this descriptive, cross-sectional and prospective study we analyze the data obtained from the first specific unit in Spain for long-term follow-up in pediatric oncology developed at the Hospital Infantil Universitario del Niño Jesús in 2017. The results reproduce what has been described in other recent series, except for later effects such as cardiological alterations underestimated in our sample due to the younger age of our survivors.

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