scholarly journals Modern approaches to the diagnostics and potentials of endoscopic treatment of esophageal stenoses in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273
Author(s):  
A. O. Merkulova ◽  
A. Yu. Kharitonova ◽  
O. V. Karaseva ◽  
A. A. Shavrov
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Esophageal Lumen ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range

Introduction. Esophageal stenosis in childhood is quite a common disease characterized by different etiology, specific clinical picture, wide range of differential diseases and a variety of approaches to its treatment.Material and methods. The review analyzes scientific literature presented in such search engines as Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, eLibrary, 20 years deep. The most significant works of the last century were included too. Keywords were used for search.Results. There were selected 60 literary sources which included the description of modern concepts of etiopathogenesis, classification, diagnostic and curative techniques for the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children. A particular attention is paid to the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive endoscopic interventions (bougienage, balloon dilation) as well as to the topical application of Mitomycin C in the treatment of esophageal stenosis in children.Conclusion. Innovative endoscopic technologies applied for the restoration of the esophageal lumen seem to be promising, effective and safe. In the overwhelming majority of cases, they allow to reduce surgical aggression and avoid complex reconstructive surgeries.

Typologization of security regulation

2020 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Denis Tikhomirov
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Procedural Understanding ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Legal Understanding

The purpose of the article is to typologize terminological definitions of security, to find out the general, to identify the originality of their interpretations depending on the subject of legal regulation. The methodological basis of the study is the methods that made it possible to obtain valid conclusions, in particular, the method of comparison, through which it became possible to correlate different interpretations of the term "security"; method of hermeneutics, which allowed to elaborate texts of normative legal acts of Ukraine, method of typologization, which made it possible to create typologization groups of variants of understanding of the term "security". Scientific novelty. The article analyzes the understanding of the term "security" in various regulatory acts in force in Ukraine. Typological groups were understood to understand the term "security". Conclusions. The analysis of the legal material makes it possible to confirm that the issues of security are within the scope of both legislative regulation and various specialized by-laws. However, today there is no single conception on how to interpret security terminology. This is due both to the wide range of social relations that are the subject of legal regulation and to the relativity of the notion of security itself and the lack of coherence of views on its definition in legal acts and in the scientific literature. The multiplicity of definitions is explained by combinations of material and procedural understanding, static - dynamic, and conditioned by the peculiarities of a particular branch of legal regulation, limited ability to use methods of one or another branch, the inter-branch nature of some variations of security, etc. Separation, common and different in the definition of "security" can be used to further standardize, in fact, the regulatory legal understanding of security to more effectively implement the legal regulation of the security direction.

CAUSES OF ADVERSE SURGERY EFFECTS IN TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH ESOPHAGUS STENOTIC DISEASES

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
A. Yu. Korolevska ◽  
S. Yu. Bityak ◽  
V. V. Zhidetskyi ◽  
A. B. Starikova ◽  
Ye. A. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pleural Empyema ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Mechanical Trauma ◽  
Recurrent Nerve ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Esophageal Lumen ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Tracheal Tear ◽  
Primary Trauma

Esophageal stenosis requires a responsible approach to the choice of rational treatment tactics. Intraoperatively, bleeding, interponate necrosis, complications associated with the wrong choice of the path of the interponate imposition to the neck, damage to the nutrient vessel (the arcade rupture), pleural leaves during the formation of the thoracic tunnel, n. vagus and its branches, pneumothorax, hemothorax, uncontrolled mediastinal bleeding, the need for drainage of the pleural cavity due to injury to the latter, iatrogenic splenectomy, membranous tracheal tear. Post−surgery complications are developed at different times after esophagoplasty. Most often, early postoperative complications occur because of the wound: bleeding and failure of the sutures of the anastomosis line. Complications resulted from the respiratory system are as follows: tracheobronchitis, pleurisy, "congestive", nosocomial pneumonia and atelectasis, pleural empyema. In the remote post−surgery period, the patients may experience: stenosis of the esophageal (or pharyngeal) anastomosis, adhesions, fistulas, reflux, peptic ulcers of the esophagus, pain, inflections and excess loops, complications associated with mechanical trauma of implant, scar−altered cancer esophagus, polyposis of the colon, various disorders associated with primary trauma, nonspecific complications. Damage to the recurrent nerve in patients causes constant hoarseness and difficult swallowing. Occasionally there are cardiac arrhythmias in the form of atrial fibrillation, "sympathetic" pleurisy, reflux, post−vagotomy symptom and dumping syndrome, delayed gastric emptying due to insufficient dilated pyloromyotomy in the patients with a combination of stenosis of the esophageal lumen and esophageal lumen hernia. Key words: esophageal stenosis, esophageal anastomosis, postoperative complications.

Performance Characterization of a Twin Scroll Volute for Turbocharging Applications

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cravero ◽  
Mario La Rocca ◽  
Andrea Ottonello
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Aerodynamic Performance ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Automatic Design ◽  
Cfd Model ◽  
Radial Turbine ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Partial Admission

The use of twin scroll volutes in radial turbine for turbocharging applications has several advantages over single passage volute related to the engine matching and to the overall compactness. Twin scroll volutes are of increasing interest in power unit development but the open scientific literature on their performance and modelling is still quite limited. In the present work the performance of a twin scroll volute for a turbocharger radial turbine are investigated in some detail in a wide range of operating conditions at both full and partial admission. A CFD model for the volute have been developed and preliminary validated against experimental data available for the radial turbine. Then the numerical model has been used to generate the database of solutions that have been investigated and used to extract the performance. Different parameters and indices are introduced to describe the volute aerodynamic performance in the wide range of operating conditions chosen. The above parameters can be used for volute development or matching with a given rotor or efficiently implemented in automatic design optimization strategies.

scholarly journals Balloon dilation and rapid maxillary expansion: a novel combination treatment for congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis in an infant

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuela Sitzia ◽  
Sara Santarsiero ◽  
Filippo Maria Tucci ◽  
Giovanni De Vincentiis ◽  
Angela Galeotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Treatment Protocol ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Sleep Apnoea ◽  
Maxillary Expansion ◽  
Feeding Difficulties ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Pyriform Aperture

Abstract Background Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is a rare condition that may occur alone or as part of a multi-formative syndrome. Management remains difficult. There is no specific treatment protocol. Traditional surgery would be anachronistic; a non-invasive or minimally invasive therapeutic option is required. However, the rarity of the disease and the infantile context render randomised clinical trials difficult. Case presentation We present the case of a one-month-old Caucasian boy with CNPAS. He presented to the Emergency Department of the Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital with nasal obstruction, noisy breathing, feeding difficulties, and suspected sleep apnoea. During hospitalisation, he underwent overnight pulse oximetry, airway endoscopy, and maxillofacial computed tomography (CT); the final diagnosis was CNPAS with moderate obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. We successfully treated the patient using an innovative strategy that involved collaboration between ear-nose-and-throat surgeons and orthodontists. Conclusions A combination of minimally invasive balloon surgery and placement of a palatal device may successfully treat CNPAS; it may also treat other types of nasal bone stenosis. Future studies may allow the development of practice consensus treatment strategies.

scholarly journals ХИРУРГИЯ ЭКССУДАТИВНЫХ ПЕРИКАРДИТОВ

2019 ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Лигоненко А. В.
Keyword(s):  
Pericardial Effusion ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Clinical Progression ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
Differential Approach ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Choice Of Treatment

In the article are presented modern approaches to diagnostics, etiological search and methods of surgical correction of pericardial effusion (PE) of different etiology. PE being the most common disease of the pericardium, often has a secondary nature. The overview of modern literature data is presented about terminology and classification of PE, the possibility of etiological search for the cause of effusion in the pericardial cavity, the main diagnostic methods, as well as the main tasks and methods of pericardial surgical interventions and its indications. Based on the analysis of literary sources, we can conclude that the consensus on the clinical and nosological structure, effectiveness and necessity of using various tests and interventions, clinical progression, epidemiology, prognosis and the reasons for the unsatisfactory results of treated PE is actually absent. Our analysis indicates the absence of a systematic and differential approach to choice of treatment tactics.

scholarly journals Modern approaches to surgical treatment of thoraco-abdominal wounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 177 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
D. G. Amarantov ◽  
M. F. Zarivchatskii ◽  
A. A. Kholodar ◽  
O. S. Gudkov ◽  
E. V. Kolyshova
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Pleural Cavity ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Wide Range

Thoraco-abdominal wounds are the most severe injuries of the chest and abdomen, with mortality reaching 13–20 %. The main focus of treatment of such patients is surgical correction of the injuries. Wide range of classical and minimally invasive interventions is used for treatment of victims . The paper presents the range of views of modern researchers on the indications for laparocentesis, drainage of the pleural cavity, thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, thoracotomy and laparotomy in this pathology. The opinions of various researchers on the optimal combination of interventions and tactics of surgical treatment of victims with thoraco-abdominal wounds are presented. It is necessary to continue the search for optimal combinations of classical and minimally invasive interventions in relation to a variety of clinic situations that arise in the treatment of patients with thoraco-abdominal wounds.

Covid-19: features of the pathogenesis of the disease and targets for immunotherapeutic effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
N. A. Klimov ◽  
A. S. Simbirtsev
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Complement System

An analysis of current scientific literature on the pathogenesis of the coronavirus infection that caused the 2019 pandemic, COVID-19, was carried out. The structure, genome, introduction into the cell and the life cycle of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that caused the pandemic, the mechanisms of protection of the virus from the hosts immune system, features of the clinical picture of coronavirus infection, the pathogenesis of viral pneumonia, in particular, disruption of the renin-angiotensin system, cytokine storm, participation of the complement system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 are reviewed. The models of infections caused by SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 in laboratory mice are also considered.

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99
Author(s):  
S. N. Avdeev
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Lung Biopsy ◽  
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Air Trapping ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response ◽  
Lungs And Airways

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an inflammatory disease of the lungs and airways that develops in response to repeated inhalation of a wide range of aerosol antigens. The clinical picture and course of HP are highly variable and depend on such factors as the nature of the antigen, the intensity and duration of exposure to the antigen, as well as on the characteristics of the patient's immune response. The annual incidence of HAP is 1.28 -1.94 cases per 100 000. Currently, the diagnosis of HP is usually based on the characteristic clinical picture, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) data, bronchoscopy, lung biopsy, and evidence on the antigen. HRCT plays a central role in the diagnosis of HP. The most common finding on HRCT in HP is ground-glass opacities, which can be associated with centrilobular nodules and air trapping. In some cases, the fibrotic HP signs are very similar to those of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and most changes are found in the lower regions and subpleurally. Therapy for HP usually includes avoiding exposure to the antigen, considering corticosteroids (CS) and/or immunosuppressive therapy to suppress the active inflammatory/immune response, and treating comorbidities. Nintedanib therapy in patients with progressive fibrotic HP results in a slower decline of lung function compared to placebo.

ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HIBERNATING ANIMALS OF YAKUTIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 16-27
Author(s):  
V.T. Sedalishchev ◽  
V.A. Odnokurtsev
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Brown Bear ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ecological Features ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Physiological Adaptations

Under the influence of environmental factors, in winter-sleeping animals living in extreme winter conditions, a wide range of mechanisms of ecological and physiological adaptations is mani-fested that ensure the normal course of wintering and the survival of populations of species after its end. We carried out an analysis of our own data and literary sources on ecology and endoparasite infestation in three species of rodents – black-capped marmot, Asian long-tailed ground squirrel, Siberian (Asian) chipmunk, and in a representative of predators– brown bear. Data on the distribu-tion of the listed species of hibernating animals in the territory of Yakutia, their reproduction, nutri-tion, the extent of infestation by helminths, hibernation, time of bedding and awakening are given. Before going into hibernation, all hibernating animals reduce their diet and resort to hunger strikes. During this period, liquid and solid excrement is excreted from the body and, together with food waste, helminths leave or destrobilatethe gastrointestinal tract.

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