scholarly journals CYSTIC FIBROSIS: A BREAKTHROUGH IN 21ST-CENTURY THERAPY

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
Olga I. Simonova ◽  
Yulia V. Gorinova ◽  
Vera P. Chernevich
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis Gene ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Mucolytic Agents

The review presents new data on the latest advances in the treatment of cystic fibrosis, a rare genetic disease. The methods used were literature search in the Scopus, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases. The importance of a number of drugs prescribed for anti-inflammatory purposes (ibuprofen, azithromycin) is discussed, data from multicenter studies of new drugs are presented. The role of mucolytic agents and the need to develop new antibacterial compounds are shown. Particular attention in the review is given to the development of new targeted therapies for cystic fibrosis. The data of studies of ivacaftor, lumacactor, tezacactor in this category of patients are presented, as well as a spectrum of mutations of the cystic fibrosis gene in which these molecules can be prescribed. The experience of the use of correctors in adult patients with cystic fibrosis in the Russian Federation is described, the effectiveness and safety of the long-term use of these drugs are described.

scholarly journals Nonmyeloablative allografting for newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: the experience of the Gruppo Italiano Trapianti di Midollo

Blood ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (14) ◽  
pp. 3375-3382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedetto Bruno ◽  
Marcello Rotta ◽  
Francesca Patriarca ◽  
Daniele Mattei ◽  
Bernardino Allione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Gvhd ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Response Duration ◽  
Tumor Burden ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Leukocyte Antigen ◽  
Total Body

Abstract Despite recent advances, allografting remains the only potential cure for myeloma. From July 1999 to June 2005, 100 newly diagnosed patients younger than 65 years were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study. First-line treatment included vincristin, adriamycin, and dexamethasone (VAD)–based induction chemotherapy, a cytoreductive autograft (melphalan 200 mg/m2) followed by a single dose of nonmyeloablative total body irradiation and allografting from an human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–identical sibling. Primary end points were the overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) from diagnosis. After a median follow-up of 5 years, OS was not reached, and EFS was 37 months. Incidences of acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) were 38% and 50%, respectively. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 53% of patients. Profound cytoreduction (CR or very good partial remission) before allografting was associated with achievement of posttransplantation CR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.20, P = .03) and longer EFS (HR 0.33, P < .01). Conversely, development of chronic GVHD was not correlated with CR or response duration. This tandem transplantation approach allows prolonged survival and long-term disease control in patients with reduced tumor burden at the time of allografting. We are currently investigating the role of “new drugs” in intensifying pretransplantation cytoreduction and posttransplantation graft-versus-myeloma effects to further improve clinical outcomes. (http://ClinicalTrials.gov; NCT-00702247.)

scholarly journals INTERWENCJA FEDERACJI ROSYJSKIEJ W SYRII – STUDIUM PRZYPADKU ROSYJSKIEJ POLITYKI NA BLISKIM WSCHODZIE

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Dariusz Brążkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
The West ◽  
International Environment ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstrakt: Współczesna polityka Federacji Rosyjskiej na Bliskim Wschodzie jest elementem szerokiej strategii ukierunkowanej na cele w środowisku międzynarodowym oraz na cele wewnątrzpaństwowe. Polityka ta jest konfrontacyjna na płaszczyźnie Rosja – Zachód i stanowi koło zamachowe w dążeniu kraju do odzyskania dominującej roli w świecie. Zaangażowanie Federacji Rosyjskiej w konflikt w Syrii jest konsekwencją jej mocarstwowej polityki w zmieniającym się środowisku międzynarodowym. Głównym celem było wyeliminowanie rozwiązań USA i innych państw Zachodu w zakresie interwencji humanitarnej w Syrii. Poza tym utrzymując reżim Baszara al-Asada Federacja Rosyjska podjęła realizację własnego ładu na Bliskim Wschodzie, gdzie chce odgrywać kluczową rolę. Pomagają jej w tym Iran – wieloletni oponent USA oraz Turcja – nowy koalicjant, które mają też swoje partykularne cele w regionie. W przypadku polityki wewnętrznej, rosyjskie elity polityczne chcą utrwalić władzę populistyczną, oferując narodowi drogę dokonań państwa, szczególnie w wymiarze międzynarodowym – wskazując siłę militarną i wyższość polityczną, jako podstawowe elementy odbudowy mocarstwowej roli Federacji Rosyjskiej w świecie. Te kierunki polityki zewnętrznej i wewnętrznej dają obraz konsekwentnych, a jednocześnie zaskakujących działań Federacji Rosyjskiej na Bliskim Wschodzie. Abstract: Contemporary policy of the Russian Federation in the Middle East is an element of a broad strategy focused on international and internal purposes. This policy is confrontational at the level of Russia - the West and constitutes a flywheel in the pursuit of the country to regain its dominant role in the world. The involvement of the Russian Federation in the conflict in Syria is a consequence of its superpower policy in the changing international environment. The main goal was to eliminate the solutions of the USA and other Western countries in the field of humanitarian intervention in Syria. What is more, maintaining the regime of Bashar al-Assad, the Russian Federation has embarked on the implementation of its own order in the Middle East, where it wants to play a key role. Iran, a long-term opponent of the USA, and Turkey, a new coalition partner that also has its particular goals in the region, are the countries which help Russia in this area. In the case of domestic policy, Russia’s power elites want to consolidate populist power by presenting the nation country’s accomplishments, especially in the international dimension, indicating military strength and political superiority as the basic elements of rebuilding the superpower role of the Russian Federation in the world. These external and internal policies give a picture of the consistent and also surprising actions of the Russian Federation in the Middle East

PP110-MON LONG-TERM OUTCOME IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS: ROLE OF NUTRITION

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-156
Author(s):  
S. King ◽  
T. Kotsimbos ◽  
I. Nyulasi ◽  
M. Bailey ◽  
J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Causes and prerequisites of the occupation of Luhansk and Donetsk regions: empirical analysis of territories (on the basis of indicators of the democratization index “Freedom in the World 2020”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
M. Vehesh ◽  
R. Kopolovets
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Occupied Territories ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
First Time

Summary. The article examines the main reasons and preconditions for the occupation of certain regions in eastern Ukraine. The influence and role of Russia in this military conflict are analyzed, and for the first time an empirical (applied) analysis of the democratization index in the temporarily occupied territories is carried out. Russia’s aggressive policy in eastern Ukraine is part of a “hybrid” war against Ukraine that began in early 2014 with the occupation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. With the support of Russia, the so-called “Donetsk and Luhansk” people’s republics were created in eastern Ukraine. In essence, these are occupation military administrations that number more than 30,000 people, including regular troops and instructors of the armed forces of the Russian Federation. These are well-armed military formations, the number and combat capabilities of which are not inferior to the armies of individual European countries. In the temporarily occupied territories there is a total political and ideological “Russification”, the purpose of which is the alienation and further isolation of these territories from official Kyiv. It should be noted that the hostilities, which have been going on for the sixth year, pose serious economic, political, legal, and geopolitical problems on Ukraine’s path to consolidating the democratic regime and integrating with the European community. The change of political regime in 2013 in Ukraine opened up prospects for the consolidation of national identity and the restoration of the course of Euro-Atlantic integration, which was usually not accepted by official Moscow and personally by President Putin. It should be clearly understood that the war in Donbass, provoked by Russia, is the result of a systematic and long-term policy of Russia towards Ukraine as a country with a favorable geopolitical location and a kind of bridge between Europe and Russia. The article pays special attention to the theoretical and applied analysis of democratic development in Donbass. It should be noted that from 2020 “Freedom House” will start monitoring the territory and accordingly provide quantitative data on the democratization index with the appropriate analytical base and forecasts.

An update on the management of gout

2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
British Society ◽  
European League Against Rheumatism ◽  
Urate Lowering Treatment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Urate Crystals

Gout is the most common form of inflammatory arthritis and its incidence in the UK has steadily increased from 1.5% in 1997 to 2.5% in 2012.1,2 It is characterised by deposition of monosodium urate crystals in joints and tissues and usually presents with intermittent painful attacks followed by long periods of remission.3 It has been suggested that the management of gout in the UK remains suboptimal.1 In 2004, we concluded that there was a woeful lack of evidence to guide treatment or prophylaxis for gout, particularly with regard to choice of drug or doses.4 The introduction of new drugs and new evidence on the efficacy and safety of treatment options has led the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and the British Society of Rheumatology (BSR) to update their guidelines on the management of gout.2,5 Nevertheless, there are differing views on target serum uric acid (SUA) levels and the role of urate lowering treatment (ULT).2,5–7 Here, we review the latest guidance on the management of gout and consider the role of long-term ULT.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Outcomes of Achromobacter Species Infections in Adults with Cystic Fibrosis: a North American Cohort Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (7) ◽  
pp. 2074-2085 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. Edwards ◽  
J. Greysson-Wong ◽  
R. Somayaji ◽  
B. Waddell ◽  
F. J. Whelan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Persistent Infection ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Multicenter Studies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Prognosis ◽  
North American Cohort

ABSTRACTAchromobacterspecies are increasingly being detected in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, with an unclear epidemiology and impact. We studied a cohort of patients attending a Canadian adult CF clinic who had positive sputum cultures forAchromobacterspecies in the period from 1984 to 2013. Infection was categorized as transient or persistent (≥50% positive cultures for 1 year). Those with persistent infection were matched 2:1 with age-, sex-, and time-matched controls without a history ofAchromobacterinfection, and mixed-effects models were used to assess pulmonary exacerbation (PEx) frequency and lung function decline. Isolates from a biobank were retrospectively assessed, identified to the species level bynrdAsequencing, and genotyped using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Thirty-four patients (11% of those in our clinic), with a median age of 24 years (interquartile range [IQR], 20.3 to 29.8 years), developedAchromobacterinfection. Ten patients (29%) developed persistent infection. Persistence did not denote permanence, as most patients ultimately cleared infection, often after years. Patients were more likely to experience PEx at incident isolation than at prior or subsequent visits (odds ratio [OR], 2.7 [95% confidence interval {CI}, 1.2 to 6.7];P= 0.03). Following persistent infection, there was no difference in annual lung function decline (−1.08% [95% CI, −2.73 to 0.57%] versus −2.74% [95% CI, −4.02 to 1.46%];P= 0.12) or the odds of PEx (OR, 1.21 [95% CI, 0.45 to 3.28];P= 0.70). Differential virulence amongAchromobacterspecies was not observed, and no cases of transmission occurred. We demonstrated that incidentAchromobacterinfection was associated with a greater risk of PEx; however, neither transient nor chronic infection was associated with a worsened long-term prognosis. Large, multicenter studies are needed to clarify the clinical impact, natural history, and transmissibility ofAchromobacter.

scholarly journals Will New Drugs Replace Transplants for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2516
Author(s):  
Shenmiao Yang ◽  
Xiaojun Huang ◽  
Robert Peter Gale
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukaemia ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Transplants have been used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for more than 35 years. Use has been restricted to <1 percent of highly selected persons typically failing concurrent conventional therapies. As therapies of CLL have evolved, so have indications for transplantation and transplant techniques. The data that we review indicate that transplants can result in long-term leukemia-free survival in some persons but are associated with substantial transplant-related morbidity and mortality. We discuss the mechanisms underlying the anti-leukemia effects of transplants including drugs, ionizing radiations, immune-mediated mechanisms and/or a combination. We discuss prognostic and predicative covariates for transplant outcomes. Importantly, we consider whether there is presently a role of transplants in CLL and who, if anyone, is an appropriate candidate in the context of new drugs.

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