scholarly journals THE CRANIOFACIAL INJURY IN THE CHILDREN COMPLICATED BY ORBITAL ENCEPHALOCELE AND PROLAPSE OF THE UPPER FORNIX CONJUNCTIVA

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
O. Yu Yatsenko ◽  
E. A Koroleva ◽  
O. V Karaseva
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
The Road ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Downward Displacement ◽  
Acute Form ◽  
Craniofacial Trauma

The cranio-orbital injuries are considered to be the most serious consequences of the combined craniofacial trauma. They are characterized by the complicated clinical picture and are responsible for the high rates of disability among the affected patients. It accounts for the necessity of recruiting the highly specialized multi-disciplinary teams of specialists to assure the comprehensive approach to the treatment of the victims. The analysis of the relevant literature publications has demonstrated that the cranio-orbital injuries account for 6% up to 64% cases of craniocerebral damages and 34% of all combined traumas. The children at the age under 7 years more frequently experience fractures of orbital bones than the adult subjects due to the peculiar structural features of the children’s skulls. Encephalocele is an extremely rare complication of the cranio-orbital injuries that can either acquire the acute form or develop gradually within a few years after the injury. Orbital hernia may be associated with the following complications for the organs of vision and their accessory apparatus: exophthalmos, diplopia, rupture of the optic nerve, oedema of the periorbital tissues, retinal detachment, enophthalmos, subconjunctival hemorrhage, complete loss of vision, and the rupture of the eyeball. Prolapse of the upper fornix conjunctiva is an equally rare complication of the injury to the orbital structures. To the best of our knowledge, the available literature publications contain only a single report of such condition. The present article describes the original clinical observations of orbital encephalocele accompanied by the prolapse of the upper fornix conjunctiva in the children who experienced a severe combined craniofacial injury. One patient (a 10 year old boy) suffered from the serious combined trauma resulting from his fall from the fifth floor. Orbital hernia developed within 5 days after the accident. The second case was that of a girl presenting with a severe combined injury inflicted to her during the road traffic accident. She developed the complication in the form of orbital encephalocele on day 13 after the accident. In both cases, the patients suffered from the well apparent paraorbital oedema, exophthalmos with the downward displacement of the eyeball, and the prolapse of the upper fornix conjunctiva.

SOME TRAFFIC SAFETY ISSUES AT UNREGULATED PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN THE CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (12(81)) ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
V. Volkov ◽  
E. Nabatnikova ◽  
E. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Hourly Interval ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
The Road ◽  
Probability Estimates ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Speed Mode

The groups of participants of the pedestrian and automobile flows, whose actions cause the greatest danger to the occurrence of conflict situations in the zone of unregulated transition, are identified. The factors determining the likelihood of a traffic accident at an unregulated transition are systematized, for which probability estimates of the occurrence of road traffic accidents are calculated. As an estimated parameter, the hazard coefficient of a conflict point of an unregulated transition is proposed, which is determined by the ratio of the probability of a traffic accident in the real-time hourly interval to the average annual probability of a traffic accident reduced to the hourly interval. The dependences of the hazard ratio of an unregulated transition are established on the most significant factors: the speed mode of transport in the area before the transition and the state of the road surface.

Regression Analysis of Rural Road Traffic Accidents Causes

2011 ◽  
Vol 97-98 ◽  
pp. 1042-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuan Jiao Sun ◽  
Ru Yue Bai ◽  
Yuan Yuan Yu
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Lower Grade ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rural Road ◽  
Safety Awareness

9238 traffic accidents data are collected in rural road of China. Through the data analysis, the main causes of rural road traffic accident are presented. The external environment, the participant features, road features and accident characteristics are involved. The regression analysis in SPSS is applied to find the relationship between the accident features. Overall, the rural road traffic accident was mainly due to in the rural area there are mass travel mode, lower grade roads, poorer safety awareness of traveler and the road is lack of traffic safety facilities and so on.

scholarly journals ROAD SAFETY CAMPAIGNS TO REDUCE TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS FOR YOUNG ROAD USERS

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 601-606
Author(s):  
Widodo Budi Dermawan ◽  
Dewi Nusraningrum
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
School Administrators ◽  
Road User ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Accident Data

Every year we lose many young road users in road traffic accidents. Based on traffic accident data issued by the Indonesian National Police in 2017, the number of casualties was highest in the age group 15-19, with 3,496 minor injuries, 400 seriously injured and 535 deaths. This condition is very alarming considering that student as the nation's next generation lose their future due to the accidents. This figure does not include other traffic violations, not having a driver license, not wearing a helmet, driving opposite the direction, those given ticket and verbal reprimand. To reduce traffic accident for young road user, road safety campaigns were organized in many schools in Jakarta. This activity aims to socialize the road safety program to increase road safety awareness among young road users/students including the dissemination of Law No. 22 of 2009 concerning Road Traffic and Transportation. Another purpose of this program is to accompany school administrators to set up a School Safe Zone (ZoSS), a location on particular roads in the school environment that are time-based speed zone to set the speed of the vehicle. The purpose of this paper is to promote the road safety campaigns strategies by considering various campaign tools.

A study on Private Car Accidents

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24
Author(s):  
Abdulmajeed Alamri ◽  
Tarek M. Esmael ◽  
Sami Fawzy ◽  
Hany Hosny ◽  
Saleh Attawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Traffic Injury ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Moving Vehicle ◽  
The Road ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
On The Road

In this study, road traffic injury (RTI) was defined as any injury resulting from a road traffic accident irrespective of severity and outcome. Road traffic accident (RTA) was defined as any crash on the road involving at least one moving vehicle, irrespective of it resulting in an injury. This could include collision with a vehicle or any non`moving object while driving/riding a vehicle, collision with a moving vehicle while walking/running/standing/ sitting on the road, or fall from a moving vehicle. The burden of road traffic accidents (RTA) is a leading cause of all trauma admissions in hospitals worldwide. Road traffic injuries cause considerable economic losses to victims, their families, and to nations as a whole. These losses arise from the cost of treatment (including rehabilitation and incident investigation) as well as reduced/lost productivity (e.g. in wages) for those killed or disabled by their injuries and for family members who need to take time off work (or school) to care for the injured. Road traffic fatality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is the highest, accounts for 4.7% of all mortalities. Road injuries also are reported to be the most serious in this country, with an accident to injury ratio of 8:6. In this study, we try to focus on some causes of the accidents in KSA, so we can implement the prevention plan.

Research on Kinetics of the Vehicle Skidding while Turning

2014 ◽  
Vol 685 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Ming Ni
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Road Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Kinetics Of

The road traffic accident is a social issue involving thousands of families and everyone is concerned about it. When people are at work, travel, or visit relatives and friends, they hope to keep secure. However, road accidents sometimes might occur. The experienced motorists know that they mustn’t drive fast when they turn in the corners; especially in the rainy slippery situations, road accidents might occur. In this paper, the car skidding dynamics will be studied.

scholarly journals Specifics of road safety inspection in tunnels

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
Emir Smailovic ◽  
Boris Antić ◽  
Dalibor Pešić ◽  
Slaviš Beronja
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Road Tunnels

Tunnels are underground passages, placed horizontally, which serve to lead the road through them. In order to fulfill its purpose in road traffic, the tunnel must fit into the traffic infrastructure and as such not create an obstacle in movement and enable the movement of vehicles from entrance to exit without danger, but with increased restriction of freedom of lateral evacuation. Tunnels are among some of the most risky parts of the road network, primarily due to space constraints, where there is a possibility of a traffic accident. Managing the risks associated with the passage of road traffic, and in particular the safety of traffic in tunnels, is a serious problem in many countries. With the growing number of road users, it is necessary to adopt stricter standards regarding road tunnels. In addition to meeting these safety standards, factors such as operational requirements, economic efficiency, energy efficiency and state-of-the-art technology should also be taken into account when planning and equipping tunnels.

scholarly journals The Victims of Road Traffic in the Territory of Kosovo and the Way of Their Compensation-Indemnity

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
MSc. Halim Kuliqi
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Road Traffic Accidents ◽  
The Road ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The Right

Taking into account the fact that in the world the road traffic accidents happen very often and go up to very large numbers, which often are also very disturbing, then there is an indispensable need to study this problem, because without identifying the problem and its causes then it can neither be fought nor prevented.The significance of this paper lays on the presentation of some data regarding the number of accidents and their victims, the ways of compensation for the damage and the presentation of some measures in order to protect the victims of accidents from secondary victimization.This paper fills a scientific gap for victims of accidents and their way of compensation, which until now for the case of Kosovo has been not addressed significantly in terms of theory and practice also. For the presentation and the development of this issue have been used statistical method, comparative method and among others also the case study methods.In other words, the main purpose of this paper is to present data that expose the difficulties for the realization of the right of victims after suffering accidents and also to propose some norms that would protect the victims from secondary victimization, as victims after suffering a traffic accident may be hurt again until the realization of their demand for compensation according to the law.

scholarly journals Evaluation of facial skeleton fractures

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
K. S. Gangadhara ◽  
Ramesh Sannappa ◽  
T. D. Thimmappa ◽  
Chaithra B. G.
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Nasal Bone ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Prospective Clinical Study ◽  
Facial Skeleton ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Times

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fracture of facial bone is most common fracture in humans because of its upper and prominent position. Facial skeleton fractures are classified in to various types, nasal bone fractures, maxillary fractures. It affects all age groups and both sexes. The cause to the injury is due to RTA, assault, accidental fall etc. Majority of the times it is associated with the other fractures. Facial skeleton fractures should not be considered as minor injury. They may preclude to serious complications like septal haematoma, orbital injury, brain injury and CSF leak. Majority of them require conservative management. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence and types of facial skeleton fractures in trauma cases for appropriate investigation and treatment for better outcome and to reduce morbidity.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Prospective clinical study of patients who attend to casualty and ENT department and referred by other departments with facial skeleton fractures are evaluated for the period of 6 months.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Of 100 patients, 90% were male and 10% female. According to age 1-9 yr: 3%, 10-19 yr: 12%, 30-39 yr: 19%, 40-49 yr: 20%, 50-59 yr: 10%, 60-69 yr: 5% were noted. The most common cause was the road traffic accident (58%) followed by self fall (38%).The most common fracture involved is the nasal bone ( 54%) in isolation, followed by maxilla (23%) and mandible (12%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The patients were mostly males in third decade of life, victims of the RTA being the most commonly affected. The most commonly fractured bone being nose.</p>

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF MEASURES TO ENSURE ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (24) ◽  
pp. 134-148
Author(s):  
Evgen Minenko ◽  
◽  
Olexandr Pyna ◽  
Olga Belenchuk ◽  
Tetyana Bondar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Road ◽  
Rate Analysis

Introduction. Undesirable consequences of fast increase of the vehicle fleet are an increase in the level of accident rate and the number of deaths and injuries in traffic accidents (hereinafter accidents). The positive experience of other countries shows that objectives indicators for reducing the number of traffic accident victims by implementing reasonable measures to eliminate the dominant causes of accidents is the most effective way to achieve the desired result in improving traffic safety. Problem statement. Considering the enormous economic lost caused by traffic accidents, improving of traffic safety has been a priority in the policies of many countries around the world in recent decades. In this regard, the international community pays considerable attention to the development of targeted programs and implementation of traffic safety measures directed at preventing the road traffic injuries. In particular, on March 2, 2010, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 64/255 «Improving Traffic Safety Worldwide», which proclaimed the 2011–2020 «Decade of Traffic Safety Actions» to reduce deaths from injuries sustained as a result of traffic accident — by 50%. Ukraine, through which seven international transport corridors run [1], did not stay away from solving the common problem and joined in 2011 to the UN initiative regarding reducing the death rate due to traffic accidents by at least 30 % [2]. For evaluation of the achieved result, it is important to analyze the accident statistics and determine whether the planned results were achieved through the implementation of planned measures to improve traffic safety. Purpose. The article considers the dynamics of accident rate and the number of traffic accidents victims in Ukraine for the period 2011–2020, as well as analyzes the main causes of traffic accidents on the public roads, including roads of state importance, to evaluate the outcome of the Decade of Traffic Safety Actions and providing the recommendations for further decreasing of mortality on domestic roads. Materials and methods. The study used the method of statistical processing of data on the number of accidents and their victims in Ukraine and the method of systematic analysis of risk factors that contributed to the accidents. Results. It is determined that the total number of fatalities in traffic accidents for the period 2011–2020 decreased in Ukraine by 27.8 %, and on the public roads — by 44.0 %. However, considering that since 2014 there are no data on traffic accidents in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and partly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the indicator of decreasing of deaths per 100 traffic accidents and the result shows more modest achievements: in Ukraine it was possible to reduce deaths by 100 traffic accidents per 100 14 %, and on the public roads — only 5.4 %. Conclusions. Accident rate analysis provides an information basis for understanding the scale of the problem of traffic injuries, evaluating the results of implemented measures to improve traffic safety, the dynamics of positive or negative developments, and allows to plan reasonably the measures to improve road conditions to reduce mortality on roads.

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