USE OF ACRYLIC COPOLYMER ADDITIVE SOIL STABILIZATION PLUS FOR PREPARATION OF MIXTURES MADE BY COLD RESYCLING TECHNOLOGY AND CRUSHED STONE-SAND MIXTURES IN PAVEMENT FOUNDATION LAYERS

ntroduction. Rehabilitation of public roads network requires a comprehensive recovery with strengthening of the bearing capacity of the pavement foundation. Rehabilitation of the foundation bearing capacity performed by arranging layers of road material made by cold recycling technology (hereinafter — CRRM) in accordance with [4] or by arranging a layer of crushed stone — sand mixture reinforced with cement or complex binder (hereinafter — CSSM 20) according to [13]. Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the feasibility of using acrylic additives for the preparation of mixtures made by cold recycling technology and crushed stone-sand mixtures treated with cement in the layers of pavement foundation. Materials and methods. Experimental comparative tests of CRRM and CSSM 20 with different content of complex binder were performed. Results. Feasibility of acrylic additives use has been established (hereinafter — the additive) for the preparation of CRRM and CSSM 20 in the pavement foundation layers. Recommendations on technological parameters of preparation, transportation, laying and compaction of mentioned mixtures are given. Conclusions. Performed researches have shown that according to physical and mechanical indicators CRRM and CSSM20 meet the requirements of the current normative documents of Ukraine. The advantages of use are noted.

INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC LOAD FROM TRAFFIC FLOW ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KHMELNYTSKY

Introduction. Urbanization, intensification of road transport, development of urban infrastructure contributes to increased noise pollution. As traffic flows increase, so do acoustic discomfort zones, and the problem of traffic noise is becoming increasingly environmentally and socially important. Problem statement. The traffic flow significantly exacerbates the environmental problems of cities. One of the most negative factors is the increasing acoustic load. Noise pollution is currently becoming one of the most important environmental stressors. Noise levels depend on the intensity, speed, nature of traffic, type and quality of coverage, land use planning (longitudinal and transverse street profiles, building architecture, traffic lights) and the presence of greenery. Noise leads to an imbalance of auditory adaptation, regulatory processes of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, hemodynamic disorders, the development of noise sickness. At long influence mechanisms of reflex and neurohumoral reactions are broken, there is a nervous pathology, attention decreases by 12-16%. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of a person to noise is impossible, in addition, noise has an inherent consuming effect. Acoustic load has a negative impact on flora and fauna. The main ones are reduced adaptive and reproductive capacity, changes in trophic nets, increased risk of predation, growth retardation, accelerated transpiration, death of leaves and flowers. This problem is most acute for urban ecosystems, as urbanization is one of the main factors in reducing biodiversity due to the loss of natural habitats, their fragmentation or drastic change. In urban conditions, many anthropogenic (industrial, transport noise) is added to the natural noise, which significantly changes the acoustic background. Currently, the noise load in megacities has increased by 12-15 dB, and the volume by three to four times. In cities with heavy traffic, the noise level is approaching 80 dB. Cartographic methods are widely used to visualize and predict noise load. Mapping the noise load of cities is relevant for Ukraine. Currently, acoustic maps have been developed only for certain districts of Kyiv. The creation of acoustic maps will help improve the ecological condition of urban areas. Purpose. Investigate and assess the level of noise load created by traffic flows on the main highways of the city of Khmelnytsky, create an acoustic map and determine the main directions of noise pollution. Research methods. general scientific (generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, theoretical and methodological substantiation); mathematical statistics; field (full-scale measurements of noise on the territory); cartographic (construction of a map-scheme) Results. The article highlights the problem of urban ecosystem acoustic load. It is evaluated the noise pollution of Khmelnytskyi city in Ukraine. The noise contamination model is constructed using GIS technologies within modern software package. It is shown that simulation and visualization of noise load using software makes it possible to objectively and detail estimate the acoustic situation and to propose managerial decisions development to protect the population from noise. Conclusion. The intensity of traffic noise depends on the condition and width of roads, the distance of residential buildings from the axis of the roadway. Depending on the capacity of roads, the presence of intersections changes the acoustic load. Reduction of urban traffic noise is associated with absorbing, reflecting, shielding and insulating acoustic ability. Optimization of noise protection of the urban ecosystem depends on a set of architectural and planning solutions. When introducing technical and economic characteristics of noise protection measures, it is necessary to take into account their features (practical limitations and opportunities).

THE METHODS OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF POSITIONING OF METALLIC DOWEL BARS IN JOINTS OF RIGID PAVEMENTS

Introduction. In the world-wide practice on construction of rigid road pavements significant attention has been given to jointed plain concrete pavements (JPCP) with transverse joints strengthened by dowel bars. Performance of JPCP is sufficiently affected by right alignment and location of dowel bars thereby the methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar positioning have been gain in great importance. This paper represents analytical review of methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location emphasizing an attention on standard method using magnetic pulse induction which is applicable to testing of metallic bar position in concrete pavements. General Part. In the general part of this paper, several main aspects of reviewed test method were analyzed: the classification of dowel bars misalignment and their impact on pavement performance; the comparison of implemented methods of non-destructive testing of dowel bar positioning; possibilities of method of magnetic impulse induction and an approach to analytical evaluation of transverse joints dowel bar misalignment using magnetic image tomography; the usage of results of testing of transverse joints dowel bar position to eliminate dowel bars misalignment; examples of predictive estimation of results of testing of transverse joints dowel bar position and their impact on performance of JPCP. The reviewed method of testing and test results estimation concerns practice on application of two levels of performance (e.g. acceptable level and rejectable level) to evaluate the performance of each individual dowel bar or each doweled transverse joint and also a section of rigid road pavement with several consecutive transverse joints with restricted performance. Conclusions. 1. World-wide implemented standard method of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location allows to detect and to eliminate dowel bars misalignment thus ensuring required load transfer efficiency and international roughness index of rigid road pavements. The estimation of road pavement sections with several consecutive joints considering each joint performance allows to ensure the designed service life of road pavement. 2. Standard method of non-destructive testing of dowel bar alignment and location for transverse joints of rigid road pavement using magnetic pulse induction developed by American Society for Testing and Materials assures high precision of measurement of metallic bar position in doweled bar of concrete pavement joints and enables to detect five types of dowel bar misalignment. 3. In connection with the intensification of issues on construction of rigid road pavements in Ukraine as well as the high importance of the considering test method, an important task should be the development and implementation of an appropriate national standard.

STUDY OF FLY ASH FROM POWER GENERATING ENTERPRISES TO USE IT AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO LIME MINERAL FILLER FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ASPHALT MIXTURES

Introduction. Asphalt mixtures are one of the most widely used materials in the construction of roads. For the production of these mixtures, mainly conditioned mineral materials are used — coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler, and bitumen is used as a binder. Problem statement. In Ukraine, the filler is mainly used material obtained by grinding the carbonate rocks, which is established in DSTU B V.2.7-119 and DSTU B V.2.7-121. At the same time, as a result of coal combustion, millions of tons of dusty waste are generated at power generating plants of Ukraine - fly ashes and ashes from the hydraulic mine dump. These materials are close by grading to the requirements for the filler in accordance with DSTU B V.2.7-121 and probably can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures. Purpose. Determination of the possibility of using the fly ashes for the production of asphalt mixtures. Materials and methods. Type B asphalt concrete and mineral fillers of different origins were used during the research. Results. Test results showed that the studied fly ashes can be used for the production of asphalt mixtures, because the complete replacement of limestone filler with fly ashes from the thermal power plants does not lead to the deterioration of asphalt mixtures properties.

ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF MEASURES TO ENSURE ROAD SAFETY IN UKRAINE FOR THE PERIOD

Introduction. Undesirable consequences of fast increase of the vehicle fleet are an increase in the level of accident rate and the number of deaths and injuries in traffic accidents (hereinafter accidents). The positive experience of other countries shows that objectives indicators for reducing the number of traffic accident victims by implementing reasonable measures to eliminate the dominant causes of accidents is the most effective way to achieve the desired result in improving traffic safety. Problem statement. Considering the enormous economic lost caused by traffic accidents, improving of traffic safety has been a priority in the policies of many countries around the world in recent decades. In this regard, the international community pays considerable attention to the development of targeted programs and implementation of traffic safety measures directed at preventing the road traffic injuries. In particular, on March 2, 2010, the UN General Assembly adopted Resolution No. 64/255 «Improving Traffic Safety Worldwide», which proclaimed the 2011–2020 «Decade of Traffic Safety Actions» to reduce deaths from injuries sustained as a result of traffic accident — by 50%. Ukraine, through which seven international transport corridors run [1], did not stay away from solving the common problem and joined in 2011 to the UN initiative regarding reducing the death rate due to traffic accidents by at least 30 % [2]. For evaluation of the achieved result, it is important to analyze the accident statistics and determine whether the planned results were achieved through the implementation of planned measures to improve traffic safety. Purpose. The article considers the dynamics of accident rate and the number of traffic accidents victims in Ukraine for the period 2011–2020, as well as analyzes the main causes of traffic accidents on the public roads, including roads of state importance, to evaluate the outcome of the Decade of Traffic Safety Actions and providing the recommendations for further decreasing of mortality on domestic roads. Materials and methods. The study used the method of statistical processing of data on the number of accidents and their victims in Ukraine and the method of systematic analysis of risk factors that contributed to the accidents. Results. It is determined that the total number of fatalities in traffic accidents for the period 2011–2020 decreased in Ukraine by 27.8 %, and on the public roads — by 44.0 %. However, considering that since 2014 there are no data on traffic accidents in Autonomous Republic of Crimea and partly in Donetsk and Luhansk regions, the indicator of decreasing of deaths per 100 traffic accidents and the result shows more modest achievements: in Ukraine it was possible to reduce deaths by 100 traffic accidents per 100 14 %, and on the public roads — only 5.4 %. Conclusions. Accident rate analysis provides an information basis for understanding the scale of the problem of traffic injuries, evaluating the results of implemented measures to improve traffic safety, the dynamics of positive or negative developments, and allows to plan reasonably the measures to improve road conditions to reduce mortality on roads.

ANALYSIS OF SEASONAL CHANGES OF ACCIDENT LEVEL ON THE ROADS OF STATE IMPORTANCE AND THEIR IMPACT ON ROAD ACCIDENTS STATISTICS

In the modern world, where more and more vehicles appear every day, the issue of traffic safety is becoming more acute. The most prospective method of traffic safety management, on our opinion, is the analysis of statistical data on road accidents (hereinafter accidents), which allows to determine the accident levele, causes of accidents, evaluate the effectiveness of implemented measures to improve traffic safety and more. As the main task of traffic safety ensuring is to reduce accident level and severity of the accidents consequences, and especially to reduce accidents with fatalities to a minimum, the analysis of accident statistics data plays a key role and is an integral part of a comprehensive approach to solve the issue of the traffic safety management. Qualitative analysis of accidents by various indicators allows determining the main causes that impact on the occurrence of accidents and the severity of their consequences. This article considers the formation of characteristics of seasonal changes in accident level on the network of state roads of Ukraine. The study allows identifying the features and patterns of annual dynamics of road accidents with the definition of monthly maximum and determining the features of seasonal stability of accident level indexes. Taking into account the seasonal variability of the accident level allows rationally planning the activities of transport organizations directed on preventing road accidents and reducing the severity of their consequences. Keywords: accident level, analysis of seasonal changes of accident level, traffic safety, statistics of road accidents.

ANALYSIS OF DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF HYDROTECHNICAL STRUCTURES OF TRANSPORT CONSTRUCTION IN THE FORM OF WATER PIPES MADE OF POLYMER MATTERS

Introduction. The use of modern materials in the road industry is increasingly common in the construction of roads, one of the modern materials is the use of polymer culverts. The analysis of application of plastic culverts on highways is carried out in the work. The general provisions of design and construction of hydraulic structures of transport construction in the form of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are given. The existing hydraulic calculation, strength calculations of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are given. Problem statements. From the literature analysis it is established that culverts made of polymeric materials on highways are in difficult operating conditions, which differ from the operating conditions of reinforced concrete and metal pipes. Purpose. Is to study the effectiveness of culverts made of polymeric materials. Results. The analysis of physical and mechanical properties of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways is carried out. Methods of calculation of culverts from polymeric materials on highways are given. As a result of the conducted researches the analysis of efficiency of application of culverts from polymeric materials on highways is executed. On the basis of the conducted researches the basic requirements to culverts from polymeric materials on highways are established. Conclusions. The results of the research were used in the development of a plan of experimental research to improve regulations for the design, construction and repair of culverts made of polymeric materials on highways. The use of polymer pipes will make it possible to make progressive technical solutions for drainage in road projects.

ANALYSIS OF TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS AND TEST METHODS FOR ROAD MARKING MATERIALS ACCORDING TO UKRAINIAN AND EUROPEAN STANDARDS

Introduction. The current stage of the road sector development is characterized by the increased demand in the road marking. For the arrangement of road marking, various materials are used: paint, retroreflective glass beads, plastics of cold and hot application, polymer strips, prefabricated items, etc. Each material has its own set of unique characteristics related to durability, retroreflectivity, cost of application and life cycle. Problem statement. Due to the expansion of the production range of road marking materials, their choice becomes a difficult task and it should be carried out while taking into account the following requirements: normative distances of visibility must be ensured in all weather conditions 24 hours a day; long-term preservation (resistance to environmental impacts); road marking must not interfere with the vehicles movement, it should foster gliding. In order to properly select the road marking materials, the road traffic level and the predicted operation life cycle should be taken into account. For optimal selection, it is primarily necessary to review the quality characteristics of the materials through the testing of their physical, mechanical, technological and functional characteristics. Commonly, the roads owners require the quality requirements for the materials in accordance with the European standards. Objective. To compare technical requirements and methods of testing materials for road marking in accordance with the European standards. Materials and methods. Analysis of current Ukrainian and European standards for technical requirements and methods of testing the road marking materials. Results. Technical requirements for road marking materials and methods of their testing which are lacking in the Ukrainian standards are considered. A list of equipment for the required tests according to the European standards is given. Conclusions. Basing on the analysis results, it can be noted that in order to ensure the compliance of the Ukrainian laboratories abilities to check the quality of technical characteristics of materials according to the European standards, the new equipment should be provided (Tregers device, Stormer videometer, X-ray fluorescence analyzer, wear test bench and others) as well as mastering the new testing methods. Due to the high cost of the devices and equipment (for example, of the wear test bench), it is necessary to build the test sites on the roads or establish contacts with the European laboratories on the possibility of transferring the samples of materials to them for testing.

STATE AND PROSPECTS OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE REGIONS WHICH HAVE SENSED THE NEGATIVE IMPACT OF THE ARMED CONFLICT IN THE EASTERN UKRAINE

Introduction. The development of transport infrastructure plays a key role in the implementation of the state strategy to stimulate the economic development of the eastern regions of Ukraine. Among other things, the most important component is the network of state roads. Some of the roads damaged by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine remain in poor condition. Problems. The armed conflict in eastern Ukraine in Donetsk and Luhansk oblasts has damaged and destroyed road infrastructure. This in turn has complicated and made road transport more expensive. As a result of the movement of large and heavy military equipment, most often moving in columns, on highways of state and local importance there are potholes, subsidence, destruction of the edges of the pavement, ruts. To improve the situation and bring performance to the relevant standards, a number of State target programs and projects were introduced. But some roads still remain destroyed and need funding for repairs and reconstruction. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the state and prospects of road infrastructure development in the regions that have been negatively affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine. Materials and methods. During the writing of the article, dialectical methods of scientific knowledge were used to form a list of highways of state importance in the eastern regions of Ukraine, primarily analysis and synthesis. Empirical methods of cognition, such as description, measurement and comparison, are also used. Results. The paper highlights and characterizes the state of road infrastructure in the regions affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine and reveals the prospects for its development. Conclusions. The need to finance the repair and restoration of roads that have not been included in the list of already approved and funded programs, and the formation of clear strategic directions may be provided by the Program of measures for restoration and development of public roads in Donetsk and Luhansk regions. Armed conflict in eastern Ukraine, taking into account the priorities of restoring and building peace, realizing the industrial potential of the eastern regions of Ukraine and the principles of development of the entire network of public roads of state importance of Ukraine. Critical for the implementation of this plan is the adoption by the government of a program for the restoration and development of public roads of state importance in the regions that have been negatively affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine.

FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF ROAD ENTERPRISES — AS ONE OF THE CRITERIA FOR PARTICIPATION IN THE PROCUREMENT PROCEDUR

Introduction. Financial capacity is a complex concept that is influenced by various financial and economic factors and is determined by the ability of the enterprise to perform its financial activities. One of the qualification criteria provided in [1] is the financial capacity availability, which is confirmed by financial statements. When fulfilling this criterion, enterprises are allowed to participate in the procurement procedure for performing of road works or services. Today, the analysis of financial condition according to the financial statements is a needed condition for evaluation the quality of financial and economic activities of the enterprise, and the determination of financial capacity of enterprises is essential and practical, because the economic level of the enterprise and the ability to analyze financial and economic activities depend on it. Problem statement. Requirements to the tender documents are set by the customer in order to verify the bidder, his ability to ensure the implementation of the procurement project and meet all the needed requirements. The customer needs to make sure that the public funds spent on the purchase will not be lost due to the financial problems of the contractor, as well as whether the contractor has sufficient financial capacity to perform road works. The criterion of financial capacity can be applied to any procurement, because it provides confirmation of the financial capabilities of the bidder. The need to consider this topic is to evaluate the financial capacity of road enterprises, the application of theoretical and practical approaches during the evaluation. Assessing and determining the level of financial capacity of road enterprises is an important task both in view of the needs of the enterprises themselves and in view of the customers of road works and services. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to highlight the theoretical and practical approaches to evaluation of the financial capacity of road enterprises, determination of the effectiveness of their activities based on the results of the evaluation and determination of bidders that will be allowed to participate in the procurement procedure. Given the need to establish the level of financial capacity as a result of the road company’s realization of its potential, it is important to identify and justify specific indicators of financial capacity and proposals for their practical application. Materials and methods. To determine the financial capacity of road enterprises, a set of scientific and methodological tools, economic and mathematical techniques and methods based on financial and statistical information about the activities of enterprises and indicators that affect it is used. In general, the procedure for evaluation of the financial capacity of road enterprises involves the following stages: collection of needed information and data on specific indicators that will characterize the financial state of the enterprise; calculation of indicators; comparing them with normative values. The financial statements of enterprises contain information on the state of enterprise finances, based on the analysis of which the main trends in the formation and use of financial resources of the enterprise, the reasons for changes, identifying strengths and weaknesses of the enterprise are determined, as well as reserves to improve financial condition in the future. It is for the assessment of the financial capacity of road enterprises a set of indicators for analyzing the financial condition of the enterprise is formed. Financial reporting data serve as a basis for calculating indicators. Results. The paper highlights the mechanism for evaluation of the financial capacity that will help to perform a comprehensive analysis of the financial activity of road companies and determine whether the company is allowed, given its financial capabilities, to participate in road works or services procurements. Evaluation of financial indicators and ratios will help for planning and forecasting the future activities of road companies for their participation in the procurement procedure for road works or services. Conclusions. When writing of the article provides an example of evaluation of the financial capacity, as well as its significance for the activities of road enterprises is determined. The coefficients and indicators proposed in the work can be used for objective evaluation of the financial capacity of road enterprises and will allow the following: to determine the degree of solvency of road enterprises, liquidity, the level of their financial stability and business activity, to determine their creditworthiness.