scholarly journals Optimización del diseño en manufactura y ensamblaje de un producto de ayuda técnica para personas con movilidad reducida en la playa

Revista IDI+ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-49
Author(s):  
Hilda Vásquez-Carvajal ◽  
María F. Arce-Murillo ◽  
Tiffany Gamboa-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X

Las playas han sido uno de los mayores atractivos turísticos de Costa Rica y el 76 % de los turistas extranjeros las han frecuentado en su estadía en el país. De hecho, Costa Rica fue elegido el mejor destino a nivel mundial para la población jubilada. Pero, curiosamente, una de sus mayores problemáticas ha sido que muy pocas playas son accesibles y amigables para personas con discapacidad o adultos mayores. Actualmente, existen solo siete playas con rampas para sillas de ruedas o entradas accesibles en el país. Para solventar este problema, fueron diseñadas las muletas Amphibio, una ayuda técnica para que personas con movilidad inferior reducida puedan disfrutar de este ambiente. Se estudió y aplicó la metodología de Design for X y Design for Manufacture and Assembly (DFMA), con lo cual se logró optimizar el proceso de manufactura del producto y se concluyó con una nueva versión con mejoras significativas en su proceso de ensamble y fabricación.  La implementación de estas metodologías en el desarrollo del producto logró generar un nuevo diseño tomando en cuenta no solo al usuario, sino también su fabricación y ensamblaje. Se observaron mejoras significativas en términos de cantidad de piezas, materiales principales, tipos de uniones y procesos de manufactura.

Analysis of Design for X Methodologies for Complex Assembly Processes: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usue Aliende Urrutia ◽  
Philip Webb ◽  
Mark Summers
Keyword(s):  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Aerospace Systems

Historically, products have been developed following the “we design it, you build it” approach. Design and production belonged to two independent entities, with no feedback from downstream activities to upstream activities. In order to avoid redesign costs caused by the lack of feedback, pioneer organisations began to apply methodologies such as ‘Design for Assembly’ or ‘Design for Manufacture’ on a daily basis. Over the years, further research has been carried out to refine these generic methodologies adding previously unconsidered perspectives, such as quality, reliability, environmental, etc. which evolved into a concept called ‘Design-for-X’ (DfX). However, existing methodologies have largely focused on simply reducing product’s structural costs, without taking into consideration other important aspects of more complex assembly processes common in the aerospace industry. The complex assembly process that this paper focuses on is the systems’ installation process within the aerospace business. The installation of fuel, electrical and other systems must follow strict aerospace regulations, intra-organisational design rules, safety policies and many more restrictions, which are not considered as key factors in current methodologies. In this paper, we endeavour to provide an extensive analysis of existing DfX methodologies and support our conclusion that there is an opportunity to develop a new methodology which will ease the aerospace systems’ installation process for the shop-floor operator.

Design for manufacture and design for ‘X’: concepts, applications, and perspectives

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-C. Kuo ◽  
Samuel H. Huang ◽  
Hong-C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X

Evolution of Design for X Tools Applicable to Design Stages: A Literature Review

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chuan Chiu ◽  
Gu¨l E. Okudan
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Downstream Development ◽  
Made In

Design stage is very critical as many decisions impacting the downstream development activities and the product cost are made in this stage. Over the years, numerous “Design for X (DfX)” concepts/methods have been developed in order to increase the efficiency at the design stage, and reduce the total product cost and development lead time. Design for manufacture, assembly, quality, maintenance, environment, obsolescence and recyclability, etc. are among these. Despite the availability of these numerous concepts/methods, a “big picture” to illustrate the relations and the interactions among these X factors remains absent. In the paper, we attempt to provide our version of this “big picture” along with maturity and trajectory of these factors as identified from the published literature.

Identification of Maize Rayado Fino Virus by Immunoelectron Microscopy

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 636-637
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Rabbit Serum ◽  
Normal Rabbit Serum ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Far North ◽  
Maize Rayado Fino Virus ◽  
Antibody Coating

Maize rayado fino virus (MRFV) causes a severe disease of corn (Zea mays) in many locations throughout the neotropics and as far north as southern U.S. MRFV particles detected by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained sap from infected leaves are not necessarily distinguishable from many other small isometric viruses infecting plants (Fig. 1).Immunosorbent trapping of virus particles on antibody-coated grids and the antibody coating or decoration of trapped virus particles, was used to confirm the identification of MRFV. Antiserum to MRFV was supplied by R. Gamez (Centro de Investigacion en Biologia Celular y Molecular, Universidad de Costa Rica, Ciudad Universitaria, Costa Rica).Virus particles, appearing as a continuous lawn, were trapped on grids coated with MRFV antiserum (Fig. 2-4). In contrast, virus particles were infrequently found on grids not exposed to antiserum or grids coated with normal rabbit serum (similar to Fig. 1). In Fig. 3, the appearance of the virus particles (isometric morphology, 30 nm diameter, stain penetration of some particles, and morphological subunits in other particles) is characteristic of negatively stained MRFV particles. Decoration or coating of these particles with MRFV antiserum confirms their identification as MRFV (Fig. 4).

Social representations of human rights violations: Further evidence

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Clémence ◽  
Thierry Devos ◽  
Willem Doise
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Young People ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Questionnaire Study ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
High Tolerance ◽  
Individual Actions

Social representations of human rights violations were investigated in a questionnaire study conducted in five countries (Costa Rica, France, Italy, Romania, and Switzerland) (N = 1239 young people). We were able to show that respondents organize their understanding of human rights violations in similar ways across nations. At the same time, systematic variations characterized opinions about human rights violations, and the structure of these variations was similar across national contexts. Differences in definitions of human rights violations were identified by a cluster analysis. A broader definition was related to critical attitudes toward governmental and institutional abuses of power, whereas a more restricted definition was rooted in a fatalistic conception of social reality, approval of social regulations, and greater tolerance for institutional infringements of privacy. An atypical definition was anchored either in a strong rejection of social regulations or in a strong condemnation of immoral individual actions linked with a high tolerance for governmental interference. These findings support the idea that contrasting definitions of human rights coexist and that these definitions are underpinned by a set of beliefs regarding the relationships between individuals and institutions.

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