Evolution of Design for X Tools Applicable to Design Stages: A Literature Review

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Chuan Chiu ◽  
Gu¨l E. Okudan
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Product Cost ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Downstream Development ◽  
Made In

Design stage is very critical as many decisions impacting the downstream development activities and the product cost are made in this stage. Over the years, numerous “Design for X (DfX)” concepts/methods have been developed in order to increase the efficiency at the design stage, and reduce the total product cost and development lead time. Design for manufacture, assembly, quality, maintenance, environment, obsolescence and recyclability, etc. are among these. Despite the availability of these numerous concepts/methods, a “big picture” to illustrate the relations and the interactions among these X factors remains absent. In the paper, we attempt to provide our version of this “big picture” along with maturity and trajectory of these factors as identified from the published literature.

Product and Factory Modeling for Production Rate Determination

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Karthik ◽  
Edward B. Magrab
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Assembly Structure ◽  
Secondary Manufacturing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

Abstract An intelligent graphical user interface that captures a product’s functional and assembly structure and the factory that will make it are described. The results are then used to evaluate a factory’s production rate for the product. The program requires the product to be either a functionally uncoupled or decoupled design. The interface then: (1) implements a visualization of the functionally decomposed product structure; (2) implements an abstraction of a factory; (3) automatically generates candidate primary manufacturing processes and materials that are compatible with each other based on a very small number of attributes; (4) enables the user to make Make/Buy decisions for the components comprising the product; (5) assists the user in the selection of secondary manufacturing processes that are compatible with the primary manufacturing processes and materials for parts made in-house, and specify the vendor and the supply lead time for outsourced parts; (6) enables the specification of alternate materials and manufacturing processes; (7) implements a visual representation of the assembly structure as specified by the user; and (8) partially automates the creation of the assembly structure, and assists in the selection of assembly methods that are compatible with the materials chosen. In addition, the program assists in the design for assembly by: (1) requiring the product development team to think about the assembly process early in the design stage; (2) providing a visualization of the relationship of all components comprising the product to its other components; (3) requiring the specification of the order in which they are to be assembled; and (4) requiring the selection of assembly processes that are compatible with each other and the materials chosen. It also requires the specification of the capabilities of the factory that is going to make one or more of the components of the product, and requires that Make/Buy decisions for the parts comprising the product be made.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI LEAN MANUFACTURING PADA PROSES PRODUKSI PT. DENDENG ACEH GUNUNG SEULAWAH

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Trisna Mulyati ◽  
Ilyas ◽  
Anggita Widyasti
Keyword(s):  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Value Stream Mapping ◽  
Value Stream ◽  
Future State ◽  
Total Product ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Banda Aceh

PT. Dendeng Aceh Gunung Seulawah merupakan salah satu industri di Banda Aceh yang bergerak dibidang produksi dendeng sapi dan menjadi produk khas asal Banda Aceh. Berdasarkan pengamatan awal dan brainstorming dengan pemilik usaha, diketahui terdapat indikasi masalah pemborosan waktu yang terjadi pada proses produksi, seperti waktu menunggu pada proses packing dan pressing yang mencapai 175 menit atau 15.54% dari total product lead time. Untuk meminimalkan waste tersebut, dapat diterapkan pendekatan lean yang menggunakan beberapa tools seperti Big Picture Mapping untuk memvisualisasikan aliran material mulai dari bahan baku masuk sampai menjadi produk akhir, Waste Assesment Model untuk mengidentifikasi dengan rinci seluruh waste, dan Value Stream Mapping Tools (Valsat) dengan tools yang terpilih adalah Process Activity Mapping untuk menganalisa aktivitas yang memberikan nilai tambah, aktivitas penting namun tidak memberikan nilai tambah, dan aktivitas yang tidak memberikan nilai tambah. Hasil penerapan lean manufacturing tersebut menghasilkan sebuah rekomendasi perbaikan dari penelitian ini dalam suatu future state map yang mengurangi lead time produksi dari 530,62 menit menjadi 355,04 menit dimana perbaikan utamanya yaitu dengan menggabungkan 2 aktivitas, proses pengepakan dan pressing, menjadi satu proses

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGURANGAN WASTE PADA PROSES PERAWATAN KERETA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Ardiansyah Odi ◽  
Akhmad Nidhomuz Zaman ◽  
Siti Rohana Nasution ◽  
Sambas Sundana
Keyword(s):  
Lead Time ◽  
Fault Tree ◽  
Fault Tree Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Tree Analysis ◽  
Big Picture

Tulisan ini menjelaskan tentang identifikasi waste pada perawatan kereta bagian bogie dan memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi waste yang terjadi. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan lean concept yang lebih dominan ke arah lean service, penelitian ini dimulai dengan menggambarkan big picture mapping dan pembobotan nilai waste berdasarkan kuesioner menggunakan VALSAT. Waste juga diidentifikasi menggunakan fault tree analysis yang selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan nilai kritis waste menggunakan FMEA kemudian dilakukan rekomendasi perbaikan menggunakan pendekatan 5W+1H. Hasil perhitungan berdasarkan data yang dikumpulkan, didapatkan bahwa total lead time pengerjaan perawatan kereta yang sebelumnya sebesar 995 menit menjadi 873 menit. Dengan presentase dari value added activity sebesar 93% dan non – necessary value adding sebesar 7%. Dan berdasarkan analisa FMEA didapatkan bahwa waste kritis yang diperlukan perbaikan adalah waste unnecessary motion dengan skor RPN sebesar 140.

Integrated Multiple Attributive Decision Support System for Producibility Evaluation in Ship Design

2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (03) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Osman Turan ◽  
Selim Alkaner ◽  
Aykut i. Ölçer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support System ◽  
Support System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Ship Design ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Shipbuilding Industry ◽  
Design For X

Ship design today can be viewed as an ad hoc process. It must be considered in the context of integration with other design development activities, such as production, costing, quality control, and so forth. Otherwise, it is possible for the designer to design a ship that is difficult to produce, requires high material or labor cost, or contains some design flaws that the production engineers have to correct or send back for redesigning before production can be done. Any adjustment required after the design stage will result in a penalty of extra time or cost. Deficiencies in the design of a ship will influence the succeeding stages of production. In addition to designing a ship that fulfills producibility requirements, it is also desirable to design a ship that satisfies risk, performance, cost, and customer requirements criteria. More recently, environmental concerns, safety, passenger comfort, and life-cycle issues are becoming essential parts of the current shipbuilding industry. Therefore, "design for X paradigm" should also be considered during the ship design stages. An integrated multiple attributive decision support system for producibility evaluation in ship design (PRODEVIS) is developed to use by industry and researchers in evaluating the producibility of competing ship designs and design features during the early stages of ship design by taking into account cost, performance, risk, and "design for X paradigm" attributes. This developed approach is a fuzzy multiple attributive group decision-making methodology where feasible design alternatives are conducted by a ship production simulation technique. In this approach, an attribute-based aggregation technique for a heterogeneous group of experts is employed and used for dealing with fuzzy opinion aggregation for the subjective attributes of the ship design evaluation problem. The developed methodology is illustrated with a case study.

GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF THE AIRCRAFT STRUCTURE AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE PRELIMINARY DESIGN STAGE

Aviation ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
Jerzy Bakunowicz ◽  
Tomasz Kopecki
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Model ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Computer Application ◽  
Local Analysis ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Preliminary Design ◽  
Preliminary Design Stage ◽  
Sufficient Strength ◽  
Made In

Modern aircraft safety depends on sufficient strength and rigidity of the structure. This must sustain with lightest possible weight, because any excess mass has not only detrimental effect upon the performance but also is significant economic factor. The most rational way to achieve the proper structure seems to be global analysis commenced in the preliminary design stage already. The analysis outcomes provide base for local analysis of the details led parallel. Any revisions more or less relevant can be made in the numerical model with very expensive prototype changes avoiding. The paper illustrates efficiency of the airframe structure global analysis. As examples the aircrafts still in service but designed without computer application were chosen. The finite elements numerical model of each was created and some critical in-flight load cases were simulated.

Forging a Geometric Link Between Function-Based Design and DfM

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Verma ◽  
Hui Dong ◽  
William H. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Direct Connection ◽  
Functional Modeling ◽  
Small Space ◽  
Design Decisions ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Part Geometry ◽  
Conceptual Design Stage

Design for Manufacture (DfM) tends to explore only a small space of possible designs toward improving manufacturability. By focusing primarily on detailed geometry, DfM tends to recommend incremental changes. This paper presents a methodology that begins at the conceptual design stage, applying functional modeling to the generation of design configurations. These functional abstractions are merged with real part geometry toward generating potentially manufacturable design skeletons. The direct connection from function to manufacturable form afforded by this method allows the designer to make better-informed design decisions at the earliest stages of the design process.

Analysis of Design for X Methodologies for Complex Assembly Processes: A Literature Review

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Usue Aliende Urrutia ◽  
Philip Webb ◽  
Mark Summers
Keyword(s):  
Aerospace Industry ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Shop Floor ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Design Rules ◽  
Complex Assembly ◽  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Aerospace Systems

Historically, products have been developed following the “we design it, you build it” approach. Design and production belonged to two independent entities, with no feedback from downstream activities to upstream activities. In order to avoid redesign costs caused by the lack of feedback, pioneer organisations began to apply methodologies such as ‘Design for Assembly’ or ‘Design for Manufacture’ on a daily basis. Over the years, further research has been carried out to refine these generic methodologies adding previously unconsidered perspectives, such as quality, reliability, environmental, etc. which evolved into a concept called ‘Design-for-X’ (DfX). However, existing methodologies have largely focused on simply reducing product’s structural costs, without taking into consideration other important aspects of more complex assembly processes common in the aerospace industry. The complex assembly process that this paper focuses on is the systems’ installation process within the aerospace business. The installation of fuel, electrical and other systems must follow strict aerospace regulations, intra-organisational design rules, safety policies and many more restrictions, which are not considered as key factors in current methodologies. In this paper, we endeavour to provide an extensive analysis of existing DfX methodologies and support our conclusion that there is an opportunity to develop a new methodology which will ease the aerospace systems’ installation process for the shop-floor operator.

Design for manufacture and design for ‘X’: concepts, applications, and perspectives

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-C. Kuo ◽  
Samuel H. Huang ◽  
Hong-C. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design For Manufacture ◽  
Design For X

New Quality Assurance Tests for Building Quality Concrete Pavement

2017 ◽  
Vol 2630 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagan M. Gudimettla ◽  
Michael F. Praul ◽  
Jim Grove
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Concrete Pavement ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Past Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Concrete Materials ◽  
Made In

Concrete materials and paving technologies have evolved considerably during the past century. However, testing technologies for concrete during construction have not kept pace. Some of the tests that are routinely used are not necessarily performance indicators and some are not made in real time. Seven new technologies are presented that are simple, real-time, field implementable, and economical and in many cases are performance indicators. Although some of these technologies could be used during the mixture design stage, others could be used during construction and some for both purposes. These technologies can be used to supplement or, in some cases, to replace the traditional tests for paving concrete. The discussion focuses on three items: ( a) traditional tests for paving concrete, ( b) new tests and technologies that could be used to supplement or replace the traditional tests, and ( c) suggested future specifications. Data collected by the FHWA Mobile Concrete Laboratory from its technology implementation efforts are presented to support the narrative on the benefits of these new technologies.

Reduction of Noise at the Design Stage: A Case Study of a Lightly Loaded Assembly

1969 ◽  
Vol 184 (1) ◽  
pp. 593-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Satter ◽  
B. Downs ◽  
G. R. Wray
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Acoustic Absorption ◽  
Noise Generation ◽  
Noise Emission ◽  
Design Changes ◽  
Damping Materials ◽  
Lower Noise ◽  
Made In

An experimental and analytical study is made of the noise emission from the drawroll assembly of a textile draw-twisting machine. As an alternative to resorting to acoustic absorption techniques or the use of expensive high damping materials, investigations are made into the basic method of noise generation in the assembly. This leads to the incorporation of small design changes and the significantly lower noise emission thereby achieved is compared with the original emission. Aimed at the machine designer, the presentation is made in a straightforward, non-mathematical fashion.

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