scholarly journals ESTIMATION OF CEPHALOSPORINS (CEFTRIAXONE, CEFTAZIDIME) ANTIBIOTICS AS PURE AND PHARMACEUTIC FORMS BY COLOR PRODUCED REACTION IN UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETIC TECHNIQUE

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mohauman Mohammad Majeed Al-Rufaie ◽  
Zahraa Yosif Motaweq
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Formation Reaction ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cephalosporin Antibiotics ◽  
Base Formation

<em>A new simple, accurate and low cost-effective UV-VIS spectrophotometric methods has been developed for the analysis of chosen cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, ceftazidime) in bulk samples and pharmaceutical dosage forms<strong> </strong>by using a specific  color-generated reaction. This method involves the Schiff 's base formation reaction between selected cephalosporins with alcoholic 5-sulfo salicylaldehyde reagent 5SSA with heating to establish a yellow colored product displaying λmax at 426 nm as well as 412 nm sequentially. These methods applied to the Beer’s law through the range of concentration was  (4 - 60 µg.ml<sup>-1</sup>), (5 -50µg ml<sup>-1</sup>) respectively for two drugs. The analysis results for these studies  have been tested statistically by the studies of recovery. These methods were successfully applied to the determination of the cephalosporins in bulk form and in Pharmaceuticals additionally it was shown that these methods have equivalent accuracy with the common method(BP)estimation procedures for the studied  drugs. The interferences from frequently taken excipients were  no influence on the estimation process .The study could discover a good  as an employment cost-influence and speed method which that possibility used for making quality control for  these cephalosporin antibiotics.</em>

scholarly journals Use of N, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic and amine drugs

2010 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padmarajaiah Nagaraja ◽  
Ashwinee Shrestha ◽  
Anantharaman Shivakumar ◽  
Avinash Gowda
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Variable Parameters ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
And Performance

Use ofN, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate for the spectrophotometric determination of some phenolic and amine drugsSpectrophotometric methods are proposed for the determination of drugs containing a phenol group [salbutamol sulphate (SLB), ritodrine hydrochloride (RTD), isoxsuprine hydrochloride (IXP)] and drugs containing an aromatic amine group [dapsone hydrochloride (DAP), sulfamethoxazole (SFM), and sulfadiazine (SFD)] in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The methods are based on coupling ofN, N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulphate with the drugs in the presence of KIO4to give a green colored product (λmaxat 670 nm) and a red colored product (λmaxat 550 nm), respectively. Linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9986-0.9996) were found between absorbance and the corresponding concentration of drugs in the range 1-7, 2-22, 1-17, 1.5-12, 2-25, and 2-21 μg mL-1for SLB, RTD, IXP, DAP, SFM and SFD, respectively. Variable parameters such as temperature, reaction time and concentration of the reactants have been analyzed and optimized. The RSD of intra-day and inter-day studies was in the range of 0.2-1.0 and 0.4-1.0%, respectively. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. The reliability and performance of the proposed methods was validated statistically; the percentage recovery ranged from 99.5 ± 0.1 to 99.9 ± 0.3%. Limits of detection were 0.14, 0.21, 0.51, 0.44, 0.33 and 0.37 μg mL-1for SLB, RTD, IXP, DAP, SFM, and SFD, respectively.

scholarly journals A NOVEL SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF METHYLDOPA THROUGH TERNARY COMPLEXATION PROCEDURE USING FE(III), MN(II), AND CO(II) WITH 2-AMINOPYRIDINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 366-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
MUSTAFA JAMAL KHALEEL BICHAN ◽  
FADAM MUTEB ABDOON
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ternary Complexation ◽  
Colored Complexes

Objective: The present study is aimed to find a three simple, low cost, accurate, rapid, and sensitive spectrophotometric methods based on the formation of ternary complexes to assay methyldopa (MTD) in both pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms. Methods: The suggested complexation procedure is based on the formation of ternary complex among MTD, 2-aminopyridine (2-Amp), and different metal cations such as [Fe(III), Mn(II), and Co(II)] to form three complexes of Fe(III)-MTD-2-Amp (A), Mn(II)-MTD-2-Amp (B), and Co(II)-MTD-2-Amp (C) in an aqueous medium. Results: The obtained colored complexes are spectrophotometrically measured for the previously mentioned complexes at 572, 473, and 465 nm, respectively. Under optimum conditions, the complexes exhibited apparent, molar absorptivities of 1810.62, 2954.18, and 2596.8 l/mol/cm, Sandell’s sensitivity of 0.132, 0.08, and 0.092 μg/cm2, and Beer–Lambert’s law is obeyed over the ranges 4–40, 4–32, and 4–40 μg/ml for the three developed methods, respectively. Conclusion: The developed spectrophotometric methods showed excellent results in regard to accuracy and precision with recovery of 99.48±1.62%, 100.24±1.76%, and 100.72±1.65% of the complexes A, B, and C, respectively. The obtained results are compared statistically with a reported method with respect to t- and F-tests and the calculated results displayed no significant difference.

scholarly journals A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of H2-receptor antagonists by means of N-bromosuccinimide and p-aminophenol

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Darwish ◽  
Samiha Hussein ◽  
Ashraf Mahmoud ◽  
Ahmed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Receptor Antagonists ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Subsequent Measurement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sensitive Spectrophotometric Method

A sensitive spectrophotometric method for the determination of H2-receptor antagonists by means ofN-bromosuccinimide andp-aminophenolA simple, accurate and sensitive spectrophotometric method for determination of H2-receptor antagonists: cimetidine (CIM), famotidine (FAM), nizatidine (NIZ), and ranitidine hydrochloride (RAN) has been fully developed and validated. The method was based on the reaction of these drugs with NBS and subsequent measurement of the excessN-bromosuccinimide by its reaction withp-aminophenol to give a violet colored product (λmaxat 552 nm). Decrease in the absorption intensity (ΔA) of the colored product, due to the presence of the drug, was correlated with its concentration in the sample solution. Different variables affecting the reaction were carefully studied and optimized. Under optimal conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9988--0.9998) were found between ΔAvalues and the corresponding concentrations of the drugs in a concentration range of 8--30, 6--22, 6--25, and 4--20 μg mL-1for CIM, FAM, NIZ, and RAN, respectively. Limits of detection were 1.22, 1.01, 1.08, and 0.74 μg mL-1for CIM, FAM, NIZ, and RAN, respectively. The method was validated in terms of accuracy, precision, ruggedness, and robustness; the results were satisfactory. The proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of the above mentioned drugs in bulk substance and in pharmaceutical dosage forms; percent recoveries ranged from 98.5 ± 0.9 to 102.4 ± 0.8% without interference from the common excipients. The results obtained by the proposed method were comparable with those obtained by the official methods.

scholarly journals Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for determination of ceftazidime in pharmaceutical dosage forms

2008 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraj Hiremath ◽  
Bennikallu Mruthyunjayaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Color Intensity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride ◽  
Development And Validation

Development and validation of spectrophotometric methods for determination of ceftazidime in pharmaceutical dosage formsTwo spectrophotometric methods for the determination of ceftazidime (CFZM) in either pure form or in its pharmaceutical formulations are described. The first method is based on the reaction of 3-methylbenzothiazolin-2-one hydrazone (MBTH) with ceftazidime in the presence of ferric chloride in acidic medium. The resulting blue complex absorbs at λmax628 nm. The second method describes the reaction between the diazotized drug andN-(1-naphthyl)ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NEDA) to yield a purple colored product with λmaxat 567 nm. The reaction conditions were optimized to obtain maximum color intensity. The absorbance was found to increase linearly with increasing the concentration of CFZM; the systems obeyed the Beer's law in the range 2-10 and 10-50 μg mL-1for MBTH and NEDA methods, resp.LOD, LOQand correlation coefficient values were 0.15, 0.79 and 0.50, 2.61. No interference was observed from common excipients present in pharmaceutical formulations. The proposed methods are simple, sensitive, accurate and suitable for quality control applications.

scholarly journals Synchronous fluorescence as a green and selective tool for simultaneous determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 181359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samah Abo El Abass ◽  
Heba Elmansi
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
Main Degradation Product ◽  
20 Nm

A green, sensitive and cost-effective method is introduced in this research for the determination of bambuterol and its main degradation product, terbutaline, simultaneously, relying on the synchronous spectrofluorimetric technique. First derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetric amplitude is measured at Δ λ = 20 nm, so bambuterol can be quantitated at 260 nm, and terbutaline can be measured at 290 nm, each at the zero crossing point of the other. The amplitude–concentration plots were linear over the concentration ranges of 0.2–6.0 µg ml −1 and 0.2–4.0 µg ml −1 for both bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively. Official guidelines were followed to calculate the validation parameters of the proposed method. The low values of limits of detection of 0.023, 0.056 µg ml −1 and limits of quantitation of 0.071, 0.169 µg ml −1 for bambuterol and terbutaline, respectively, point to the sensitivity of the method. Bambuterol is a prodrug for terbutaline, and the latter is considered its degradation product so the established method could be regarded as a stability-indicating one. Moreover, the proposed method was used for the analysis of bambuterol and terbutaline in their single ingredient preparations and the results revealed statistical agreement with the reference method. The suggested method, being a simple and low-cost procedure, is superior to the previously published methods which need more sophisticated techniques, longer analysis time and highly toxic solvents and reagents. It could be considered as an eco-friendly analytical procedure.

scholarly journals Uv Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Sofosbuvir in Pure Form and Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms in Presence of Its Alkaline Degradate

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Zeinab Adel Nasr ◽  
Noha S. Said ◽  
Sawsan A. Abdel-Razeq
Keyword(s):  
Good Accuracy ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Difference Spectra ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Good Linearity ◽  
Ratio Difference ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Aims: Two spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for the determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate. Study Design: Ratio difference and ratio derivative methods were assisted for determination of sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate, laboratory-prepared mixtures and in tablet dosage forms. Place and Duration of Study: Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al - Azhar University, between December 2019 and January 2020. Methodology: Two analytical methods were achieved and validated for the quantitative determination of Sofosbuvir in presence of its alkaline degradate. The first method was ratio difference (RD) method, where the UV absorption spectra of different concentrations of sofosbuvir were divided by the spectrum of a certain concentration (15 µg mL-1) as a devisor of its alkaline degradate to get the ratio difference spectra. Afterwards, the peak amplitudes difference between 253.7 and 243.5 nm were measured. The second method was the ratio derivative (1DR) method, where the first derivative of the ratio spectra (1DR) was obtained and its amplitude was measured at 247 and 268 nm. Good linearity was obtained over the concentration range of 3-15 µg mL-1 for the proposed methods. The proposed procedures were adopted for the selective determination of intact Sofosbuvir in presence of up to 80% of its degradation product. Sofosbuvir was exposed to different conditions as alkaline, acidic and oxidative degradation. Results: The proposed methods were developed and validated with good linearity range of 3-15 µg mL-1 for both methods, and also with good accuracy and precision. And the obtained results were statistically compared to those obtained by the reported method. Conclusion: Sofosbuvir was successfully determined by the proposed ratio difference and ratio derivative methods in bulk powder, laboratory prepared mixtures and tablet dosage form with good accuracy and precision. The methods were validated according to ICH guidelines. The results obtained were compared with those of the reported method and were found to be in good agreement.

scholarly journals Zero order and area under curve spectrophotometric methods for determination of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Audumbar Digambar Mali ◽  
Ritesh Bathe ◽  
Manojkumar Patil ◽  
Ashpak Tamboli
Keyword(s):  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Curve Method ◽  
The Mean

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the zero order derivative values measured at 230 nm and the area under the curve method values measured at 227-234 nm (n=2). Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.998 and r=0.999) for zero order and area under the curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. Developed spectrophotometric methods in this study are simple, accurate, precise and sensitive to assay of Levocetirizine in tablets.

scholarly journals Estimation of Levocetirizine in Bulk and Formulation by First Order Derivative Area under Curve UV-Spectrophotometric Methods.

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 09
Author(s):  
Pandurang Tukaram Mane
Keyword(s):  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
First Order ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Significant Difference

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Levocetirizine in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Methanol. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 235-243 nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Levocetirizine using 5-25?g/ml (r=0.9994) for first order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. The proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Levocetirizine in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Estimation of Tramadol Hydrochloride in Bulk and Formulation by Second Order Derivative Area Under Curve UV-Spectrophotometric Methods.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 308
Author(s):  
Rekha Sudam Kharat
Keyword(s):  
Area Under Curve ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Order Derivative ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Significant Difference

Simple, fast and reliable spectrophotometric methods were developed for determination of Tramadol Hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms. The solutions of standard and the sample were prepared in Distilled Water. The quantitative determination of the drug was carried out using the second order Derivative Area under Curve method values measured at 272-280nm. Calibration graphs constructed at their wavelengths of determination were linear in the concentration range of Tramadol Hydrochloride using 2-10?g/ml (r=0.9925) for second order Derivative Area under Curve spectrophotometric method. All the proposed methods have been extensively validated as per ICH guidelines. There was no significant difference between the performance of the proposed methods regarding the mean values and standard deviations. The developed methods were successfully applied to estimate the amount of Tramadol Hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Fluoxetine, Sertraline, and Paroxetine in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A Darwish
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dosage Forms ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Standard Deviations

Abstract Three simple and sensitive spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for determination of the hydrochloride salts of fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine in their pharmaceutical dosage forms. These methods were based on the reaction of the N-alkylvinylamine formed from the interaction of the free secondary amino group in the investigated drugs and acetaldehyde with each of 3 haloquinones, i.e., chloranil, bromanil, and 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone, to give colored vinylamino-substituted quinones. The colored products obtained with chloranil, bromanil, and 2,3-dichloronaphthoquinone exhibit absorption maxima at 665, 655, and 580 nm, respectively. The factors affecting the reactions were studied and optimized. Under the optimum reaction conditions, linear relationships with good correlation coefficients (0.9986–0.9999) were found between the absorbances and the concentrations of the investigated drugs in the range of 4–120 μg/mL. The limits of detection for the assays ranged from 1.19 to 2.98 μg/mL. The precision values of the methods were satisfactory; the relative standard deviations were 0.56–1.24%. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the determination of the 3 drugs in pure and pharmaceutical dosage forms with good accuracy; the recoveries ranged from 99.1 to 101.3% with standard deviations of 1.15–1.92%. The results compared favorably with those of reported methods.

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