scholarly journals Explaining Racial/Ethnic Dietary Patterns in Relation to Type 2 Diabetes: An Analysis of NHANES 2007-2012

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Y. Nowlin ◽  
Charles M. Cleland ◽  
Maya Vadiveloo ◽  
Gail D'Eramo Melkus ◽  
Niyati Parekh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Racial Ethnic

<p class="Pa7"><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of this article is to examine sociodemographic and health be­havior factors associated with dietary intake as measured by the healthy eating index (HEI-2010) for persons with and without diabetes (T2D).</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Design: </strong>A secondary data analysis of three NHANES data cycles spanning 2007-2012. Multiple linear regression assessed racial/ ethnic differences in HEI-2010 scores in those without T2D, with T2D, and with undiagnosed T2D.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Participants: </strong>The sample included non-pregnant adults aged ≥20 years who had two days of reliable dietary recall data.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Outcome Measures: </strong>Total scores for the HEI-2010.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Results: </strong>For those without T2D, there was a significant association between race/ ethnicity and HEI score, with non-Hispanic Blacks achieving significantly lower scores than their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Differences in HEI-2010 score were also associated with age, sex, smoking status and time spent in the United States. Racial/ ethnic differences in dietary patterns were present, but not significant in those with undiagnosed or diagnosed T2D.</p><p class="Pa7"><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Racial/ethnic disparities in dietary patterns are present in individuals without T2D, but differences are not statisti­cally significant in those with undiagnosed or diagnosed T2D. Non-Hispanic Blacks without T2D received significantly lower HEI-2010 scores than non-Hispanic Whites. Further research is necessary to deter­mine whether or not similarities in dietary intake across racial/ethnic groups with T2D will be reflected in diabetes-related health outcomes in this population. <em></em></p><p class="Pa7"><em>Ethn Dis. </em>2016;26(4):529-536; doi:10.18865/ ed.26.4.529</p>

scholarly journals Association between Ready-to-Eat Cereal Consumption and Nutrient Intake, Nutritional Adequacy, and Diet Quality in Adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2952
Author(s):  
Yong Zhu ◽  
Neha Jain ◽  
Vipra Vanage ◽  
Norton Holschuh ◽  
Anne Hermetet Agler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
National Health ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Health And Nutrition

This study examined differences in dietary intake between ready-to-eat cereal eaters and non-eaters in adults from the United States. Participants (n = 5163) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015–2016 were included. One-day dietary recall was used to define ready-to-eat cereal consumption status and estimate dietary intake in eaters and non-eaters. Data from Food Patterns Equivalent Database 2015–2016 were used to compare intakes of food groups by consumption status. Diet quality was assessed by Healthy Eating Index 2015. Nineteen percent of US adults were ready-to-eat cereal eaters; they had a similar level of energy intake as non-eaters, but they had significantly higher intake of dietary fiber, and several vitamins and minerals, such as calcium, iron, magnesium, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, and vitamin D. They were also more likely to meet nutrient recommendations. Compared to non-eaters, ready-to-eat cereal eaters had the same level of added sugar intake but they had significantly higher intake of whole grains, total fruits, and dairy products. The diet quality of ready-to-eat cereal eaters was significantly higher than that of non-eaters. The study supports that ready-to-eat cereal eaters have better dietary intake with a healthier dietary pattern than non-eaters in the United States.

scholarly journals Investigating Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Association Between AHEI-2010 and Change in Cystatin C in a Representative Sample of Older Americans

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015
Author(s):  
Nicholas Bishop ◽  
Jie Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objectives Cystatin C (Cys C) is a promising biomarker for early-stage chronic kidney disease. Dietary intake plays an essential role in the prevention of kidney function decline, which has yet to be examined in relation to changes in Cys C among older adults. Our objective was to test whether scores on the Alternative Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010) were associated with change in Cys C from 2012–2016 and if this varied by race/ethnicity. Methods Observations were drawn from the Health and Retirement Study. Blood spot collection and examination occurred in 2012 and 2016, participant attributes were measured in 2012, and dietary assessment was conducted by a validated dietary frequency questionnaire in 2013. The sample was restricted to respondents aged ≥65 years who were White (n = 789), Black (n = 108), or Hispanic (n = 61) and had biomarkers measured in 2012 and 2016 (n = 958). Serum Cys C (mg/L) was constructed to be equivalent to the 1999–2002 NHANES scale. Dietary quality was measured using AHEI-2010. Autoregressive linear modeling adjusting for covariates and sampling design was used to examine the associations of interest. Results Mean serum Cys C was 1.20 ± 0.44 mg/L (SD) in 2012 and 1.25 ± 0.45 mg/L in 2016, and mean AHEI-2010 score was 58.11 ± 11.0. Greater AHEI-2010 was associated with lower serum Cys C level at baseline (b = −.004, SE = .013, P = .002) and less rapid increase in the Cys C level from 2012–2016 (b = −.003, SE = .012, P = .024). The association between AHEI-2010 and change in serum Cys C was significantly different for Whites and Hispanics (b = .128, SE = .031, P &lt; .001), but null when comparing Whites and Blacks. AHEI-2010 was negatively associated with change in Cys C for Whites, and positively associated with change in Cys C among Hispanics. Stratified analyses suggested that AHEI-2010 was not significantly different for Whites and Hispanics. Hispanics had significantly lower household income, assets, and educational attainment than Whites, and greater levels of food insecurity. Conclusions Our results indicate that dietary quality has a divergent association with change in serum Cys C for White and Hispanic older adults. These results suggest the need for examination of how disparities in socioeconomic status may influence the effect of dietary intake on kidney function for older adults from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Funding Sources No funding.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Differences in Risk and Protective Factors of Dementia and CIND in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 666-666
Author(s):  
Nasim Ferdows ◽  
Maria Aranda
Keyword(s):  
Protective Factors ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Risk And Protective Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Dementia Prevalence ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Abstract Recent population-based studies have shown declines in dementia prevalence in high-income countries, suggesting that improved population cardiovascular health and rising levels of education in the past 25 year were associated with reduction of dementia risks. However, in the US, there are variations in educational attainment, prevalence and management of chronic diseases, and behaviors associated with poor cardiovascular health among racial and ethnic groups. We performed a retrospective analysis of 3,495 older individuals (65+) in 2016 who participated in Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) subsample of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), to examine racial/ethnic differences in risk and protective factors associated with dementia and cognitive impairment. Linking HCAP to HRS, we traced individuals back to 2000 and created a longitudinal data of HCAP population (2000-2016). We found that racial/ethnic differences in risk and in protective factors throughout the life-course were associated with racial and ethnic disparities in dementia prevalence.

scholarly journals IMPROVING HYPERTENSION CONTROL IN THE UNITED STATES: UNDERSTANDING RACIAL/ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN THE BLOOD PRESSURE CASCADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (18) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Rahul Aggarwal ◽  
Nicholas Chiu ◽  
Rishi Wadhera ◽  
Andrew Moran ◽  
Changyu Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypertension Control ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Geographic Regional Variation in Patterns of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Late-Life Depression

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Chirag Vyas ◽  
Charles Reynolds ◽  
David Mischoulon ◽  
Grace Chang ◽  
Olivia Okereke
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Racial Ethnic ◽  
Hispanic White

Abstract There is evidence of racial/ethnic disparities in late-life depression (LLD) burden and treatment in the US. Geographic region may be a novel social determinant; yet, limited data exist regarding the interplay of geographic region with racial/ethnic differences in LLD severity, item-level symptom burden and treatment. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 25,503 men aged 50+ years and women aged 55+ years in VITAL-DEP (VITamin D and OmegA-3 TriaL-Depression Endpoint Prevention), an ancillary study to the VITAL trial. Racial/ethnic groups included Non-Hispanic White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and other groups (Native American/Alaskan Native and other/multiple/unspecified-race/ethnicity). We assessed depression status using: the Patient Health Questionnaire-8 (PHQ-8); self-reported clinician/physician diagnosis of depression; medication and/or counseling treatment for depression. In the full sample, Midwest region was significantly associated with 12% lower severity of LLD, compared to Northeast region (rate ratio (RR) (95% confidence interval (CI)): 0.88 (0.83-0.93)). However, racial/ethnic differences in LLD varied by region. For example, in the Midwest, Blacks and Hispanics had significantly higher depression severity compared to non-Hispanic Whites (RR (95% CI): for Black, 1.16 (1.02-1.31); for Hispanic, 2.03 (1.38-3.00)). Furthermore, in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, minority vs. non-Hispanic White adults had 2- to 3-fold significantly higher odds of several item-level symptoms across all regions, especially in the Midwest and Southwest. Finally, among those endorsing PHQ-8≥10, Blacks had 60-80% significantly lower odds of depression treatment, compared to non-Hispanic Whites, in all regions. In summary, we observed significant geographic variation in patterns of racial/ethnic disparities in LLD outcomes. This requires further longitudinal investigation.

Racial/ethnic differences in dietary intake among a diverse sample of adolescents: An experimental study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Zurita ◽  
Kelly F. M. Kazmierski ◽  
Larissa Wong ◽  
Megan Faulkner ◽  
Sabrina Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Racial Ethnic

scholarly journals Effect of a High-Intensity Dietary Intervention on Changes in Dietary Intake and Eating Pathology during a Multicomponent Adolescent Obesity Intervention

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1850
Author(s):  
Hollie A. Raynor ◽  
Suzanne E. Mazzeo ◽  
Jessica Gokee LaRose ◽  
Elizabeth L. Adams ◽  
Laura M. Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Obesity Treatment ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Eating Pathology ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Eating Disorder Examination

Concerns remain about dietary changes during pediatric obesity treatment and eating pathology, which have not been investigated. This secondary data analysis from a randomized clinical trial examined associations between adolescents’ changes in energy intake and diet quality during obesity treatment with post-treatment eating pathology. Adolescents (N = 82: 13.7 ± 1.2 y, 34.9 ± 7.0 kg/m2, 63.4% female, 46.3% black) received TEENS+, a 4-month multicomponent intervention. TEENS+ provided individualized dietary goals (1200–1800 kcal/day; number of “Go” foods/day (low-energy, high-nutrient-dense foods)). At 0 and 4 months, 3-day food records assessed energy intake and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index 2015 (HEI-2015)). Two HEI-2015 subscores were created: components to increase (increase), and components to limit (decrease). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire measured eating pathology (total score and subscales: restraint; and eating, weight, and shape concern). Corrected p-values are reported as q-values. Energy intake decreased (−292 ± 418 kcal/day; q < 0.001), while diet quality improved during treatment (total HEI-2015 (4.5 ± 15.1; q = 0.034) and increase (3.3 ± 9.4; q = 0.011)). Restraint increased (+0.6 ± 1.4; q < 0.001), whereas shape (−0.5 ± 1.3; q = 0.004) and weight (−0.5 ± 1.4; q = 0.015) concerns decreased. Greater decreases in energy intake were associated with greater restraint post-treatment (F = 17.69; q < 0.001). No other significant associations were observed. Changes in adolescents’ dietary intake during obesity treatment were unrelated to increased shape, weight, or eating concerns post-treatment.

scholarly journals Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Years of Potential Life Lost Attributable to COVID-19 in the United States: An Analysis of 45 States and the District of Columbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 2921
Author(s):  
Jay J. Xu ◽  
Jarvis T. Chen ◽  
Thomas R. Belin ◽  
Ronald S. Brookmeyer ◽  
Marc A. Suchard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
District Of Columbia ◽  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Attributable Mortality ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Degree Of Association ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic in the United States has disproportionately impacted communities of color across the country. Focusing on COVID-19-attributable mortality, we expand upon a national comparative analysis of years of potential life lost (YPLL) attributable to COVID-19 by race/ethnicity (Bassett et al., 2020), estimating percentages of total YPLL for non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Blacks, Hispanics, non-Hispanic Asians, and non-Hispanic American Indian or Alaska Natives, contrasting them with their respective percent population shares, as well as age-adjusted YPLL rate ratios—anchoring comparisons to non-Hispanic Whites—in each of 45 states and the District of Columbia using data from the National Center for Health Statistics as of 30 December 2020. Using a novel Monte Carlo simulation procedure to perform estimation, our results reveal substantial racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19-attributable YPLL across states, with a prevailing pattern of non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics experiencing disproportionately high and non-Hispanic Whites experiencing disproportionately low COVID-19-attributable YPLL. Furthermore, estimated disparities are generally more pronounced when measuring mortality in terms of YPLL compared to death counts, reflecting the greater intensity of the disparities at younger ages. We also find substantial state-to-state variability in the magnitudes of the estimated racial/ethnic disparities, suggesting that they are driven in large part by social determinants of health whose degree of association with race/ethnicity varies by state.

scholarly journals Economic Competition and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Sentencing: A Test of Economic Threat Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Christopher D’Amato ◽  
Bryan Holmes ◽  
Ben Feldmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Disparities ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
United States Census ◽  
United States Census Bureau ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Economic Threat ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Racial Ethnic

Economic threat arguments within the broader racial/ethnic threat theory suggest that economic competition between minorities and Whites encourages the majority group to apply formal social controls on minorities to maintain their advantaged positions. Prior sentencing research has given limited attention to economic threat and has only done so using cross-sectional measures, which does not capture changing economic circumstances (a key element of racial/ethnic threat). The goal of this study is to provide a test of economic threat—and racial/ethnic threat more broadly—utilizing time variant measures. To achieve this goal, we use case-level data from the Minnesota Sentencing Guidelines Commission (N = 122,666) and county-level data from the United States Census Bureau. Multilevel regression models reveal partial but limited support for economic threat. Specifically, counties with a growing portion of minorities living above the poverty line between 2000 and 2010 had larger minority disadvantages (in comparison to Whites) at incarceration. However, economic threat measures do not significantly contextualize minority–White sentence length differences, while the broader racial/ethnic threat measures do not significantly influence minority–White outcomes at the incarceration or sentencing length decision. The results suggest that economic threat may explain a small but limited portion of the racial disparities identified.

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