scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Walking Limitations in Ethnically Diverse Older Latinos in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vasquez ◽  
Rosenda Murrillo ◽  
Sandra Echeverria
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽  
Diverse Groups

Walking is the most common form of physical activity and socially cohesive neighborhoods may provide the context for racially/ethnically diverse groups to maintain an active lifestyle, particularly at older ages. Among Latinos, the associa­tion between neighborhood cohesion and walking behaviors may additionally differ by Latino group. We examined the associa­tion between neighborhood social cohe­sion and walking limitations among Latinos overall and by specific Latino groups. We combined data from the 2013 to 2016 Na­tional Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and selected adults aged ≥60 years (n= 3,716). Walking limitations were assessed based on responses to the “experienced difficulty walking” survey question. Social cohesion was measured using four NHIS questions regarding neighborhood social cohesion. Logistic regression models were stratified by Latino subgroup. Mexican Americans repre­sented the largest proportion of the sample (55%). Cubans had the highest proportion of individuals reporting high neighborhood social cohesion (51%), while Dominicans had the lowest proportion (29%). In the total sample, those with high and medium neighborhood social cohesion reported lower odds of walking limitations. Although tests for interaction were not statistically significant, stratified analyses showed that all Latino groups had lower odds of walk­ing limitations if they lived in a high social cohesion neighborhood compared with low social cohesion neighborhoods. Our results suggest that neighborhood social cohe­sion is associated with walking limitations among diverse groups of older Latinos. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):247-252; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.247

Examination of Sleep and Obesity in Children and Adolescents in the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 089011712110291
Author(s):  
Puneet Kaur Chehal ◽  
Livvy Shafer ◽  
Solveig Argeseanu Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Child Height ◽  
Nationally Representative

Purpose: This study contributes to the growing literature on the association between sleep and obesity by examining the associations between hours of sleep, consistency of bedtime, and obesity among children in the US. Design: Analysis of a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized children from the 2016-17 National Survey of Children’s Health. Setting: US, national. Subjects: Children ages 10-17 years (n = 34,640) Measures: Parent reported weeknight average hours of sleep and consistency of bedtime. Body mass index classified as underweight, normal, overweight or obesity using parent-reported child height and weight information, classified using CDC BMI-for-Age Growth Charts. Analysis: Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate associations between measures of sleep and body mass index weight category adjusting for individual, household and neighborhood characteristics. Results: An additional hour of sleep was associated with 10.8% lower odds of obesity, net of consistency in bedtime. After controlling for sleep duration, children who usually went to bed at the same time on weeknights had lower odds of obesity (24.8%) relative to children who always went to bed at the same time. Conclusion: Sleep duration is predictive of lower odds of obesity in US children and adolescents. Some variability in weeknight bedtime is associated with lower odds of obesity, though there were no additional benefits to extensive variability in bedtime.

Proactive Personality and Decent Work Among Racially and Ethnically Diverse Working Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-528
Author(s):  
Richard P. Douglass ◽  
Kelsey L. Autin ◽  
Aysenur Buyukgoze-Kavas ◽  
Nicholas P. Gensmer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
The United States ◽  
Proactive Personality ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Career Adaptability ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Work Volition ◽  
Psychology Of Working ◽  
Diverse Groups

Building from the psychology of working framework, we examined the moderating role of proactive personality in the attainment of decent work among a sample of racially and ethnically diverse employed adults in the United States ( N = 238). We tested our hypotheses using structural equation modeling and found experiences of marginalization and economic constraints to have indirect associations with decent work via work volition. We also found marginalization, work volition, and career adaptability to have direct associations with decent work but found no support for proactive personality as a moderating mechanism. Our findings contribute to the growing literature examining how contextual variables are associated with securing decent work among diverse groups. We discuss practical implications along with future directions for research related to the psychology of working.

Geography, Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity Among Men in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 228-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Kelley ◽  
Janice V. Bowie ◽  
Derek M. Griffith ◽  
Marino Bruce ◽  
Sarah Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
White Men ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
The South ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Geographic Regions ◽  
Racial Ethnic

The prevalence of obesity in the United States has increased significantly and is a particular concern for minority men. Studies focused at the community and national levels have reported that geography can play a substantial role in contributing to obesity, but little is known about how regional influences contribute to obesity among men. The objective of this study is to examine the association between geographic region and obesity among men in the United States and to determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in obesity within these geographic regions. Data from men, aged 18 years and older, from the National Health Interview Survey were combined for the years 2000 to 2010. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m2. Logistic regression models were specified to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between geographic region and obesity and for race and obesity within geographic regions. Compared to men living in the Northeast, men living in the Midwest had significantly greater odds of being obese (OR = 1.09, 95% CI [1.02, 1.17]), and men living in the West had lower odds of being obese (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.76, 0.89]). Racial/ethnic differences were also observed within geographic region. Black men have greater odds of obesity than White men in the South, West, and Midwest. In the South and West, Hispanic men also have greater odds of obesity than White men. In all regions, Asian men have lower odds of obesity than White men.

Social Determinants of Shingles Vaccination in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric M Vogelsang ◽  
Andrea N Polonijo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Behavioral Risk ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Rated Health

Abstract Objective Only about one-third of older adults in the United States are vaccinated against shingles, contributing to approximately one million shingles cases annually. This study examines how sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and self-rated health are associated with shingles vaccine uptake. Method Data come from the 2017 wave of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey, using a subset of older adults aged 60-plus (N=208,301). Logistic regression models test (1) for associations between individual-level sociodemographic characteristics and vaccine uptake and (2) whether health behaviors and self-rated health moderate these associations. Results Black and Hispanic older adults have almost 50% lower odds of shingles vaccination, compared to non-Hispanic Whites. Abstaining from alcohol, being employed, living with children, and having poor self-rated health are also associated with lower uptake. Unmarried (vs. married) individuals have lower odds of vaccination that are explained by broad differences in health behavior. Discussion Our study contributes to understanding how shingles vaccination coverage systematically differs among social groups. In doing so, it provides guidance for public health interventions to increase uptake. This line of research is increasingly salient in a world facing novel virus threats and anti-vaccine social movements.

Abstract 20: Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Cvd Risk Factors in Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Adults

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy A Caceres ◽  
Amanda McClain ◽  
Nour Makarem ◽  
Sarah Zollweg ◽  
Mahasin S Mujahid
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Bisexual Men ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽  
And Bisexual

Introduction: Greater perceived neighborhood social cohesion (degree of connectedness among neighbors) has been associated with lower rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and incident CVD. Although sexual minorities (e.g., gay, lesbian, and bisexual) report lower neighborhood social cohesion and higher CVD risk than their heterosexual peers, there is limited population-based evidence regarding the association of neighborhood factors with CVD risk in sexual minorities. Hypothesis: Better neighborhood social cohesion would be associated with lower odds of CVD risk factors in sexual minorities. Methods: We used data from the National Health Interview Survey (2013-2018), a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults. To assess neighborhood social cohesion participants rated the degree to which they agreed with 4 statements (on a 4-point Likert scale). Responses were summed and reverse-coded so that higher scores indicated greater neighborhood social cohesion (range = 4-16). We assessed six self-reported CVD risk factors: current tobacco use, physical inactivity, short sleep duration (≤ 6 h), obesity (BMI ≥ 30kg/m2), and diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes. Sex- and sexual identity-stratified logistic regression models were used to examine the association of neighborhood social cohesion and CVD risk factors. Models were adjusted for demographic characteristics and length of time living in neighborhood. Results: The sample consisted of 166,588 participants (97% heterosexual, 2% gay/lesbian, 1% bisexual). Gay (M = 11.9, p <0.001) and bisexual men (M = 11.5, p <0.001) had lower mean social cohesion scores than heterosexual men (M = 12.5). Similarly, lesbian (M = 11.9, p <0.01) and bisexual women (M = 11.1, p <0.001) had lower mean social cohesion scores than heterosexual women (M = 12.4). Among heterosexual participants higher neighborhood social cohesion scores were associated with lower odds of reporting all CVD risk factors. Greater neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of physical inactivity in lesbian women (AOR 0.95, 95% CI [0.90-0.99]) and lower odds of short sleep duration in lesbian (AOR 0.88, 95% CI [0.84-0.93]) and bisexual women (AOR 0.93, 95% [0.89-0.98]). Greater neighborhood social cohesion was associated with lower odds of obesity in bisexual men (AOR 0.90, 95% CI [0.82-0.99]). Conclusions: Findings suggest that neighborhood social cohesion may be a determinant of CV health in sexual minorities, particularly those that identify as female. Longitudinal studies to examine how neighborhood social cohesion and other neighborhood factors (e.g., violence, safety, and walking environment) influence CVD risk over time in this population are needed.

scholarly journals The Role of Obesity in Frailty Incidence: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 831-831
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Helen Hazuda ◽  
Sara Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Baseline Bmi

Abstract Background Although initially conceptualized as a wasting syndrome, obesity has been associated with frailty in prior studies. The goal of this study was to examine the associations of obesity and waist circumference with frailty and determine whether they predict incident frailty in an ethnically diverse population of older Mexican Americans (MAs) and European Americans (EAs). Methods 749 MA and EA community-dwelling older adults (65+) participated in the baseline examination of the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA), and 474 participants completed the first follow up approximately 6 years later. Frailty was classified using Fried criteria. Baseline characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were summarized by frailty category (non-frail, pre-frail, frail) using ANOVA. The odds of becoming frail at follow-up by baseline BMI and WC were estimated using separate logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, comorbidity (presence of ≥2 chronic diseases not including diabetes), baseline frailty score, and follow-up time. Results At baseline, participants were 69 ±3 years old, 61% female, and 50% MA. BMI and WC increased with increasing frailty category (p &lt;0.01 for both). BMI was a significant predictor of incident frailty (OR=1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.14, p=0.011). WC also predicted frailty (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p =0.017). Conclusion These results demonstrate that BMI and WC are significant predictors of frailty. Interventions which target obesity may reduce the incidence of frailty; however, more research in this area is needed.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Sleep Health by Age, Sex/Gender, and Race/Ethnicity in the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (24) ◽  
pp. 9475
Author(s):  
Dana M. Alhasan ◽  
Symielle A. Gaston ◽  
W. Braxton Jackson ◽  
Patrice C. Williams ◽  
Ichiro Kawachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Short Sleep Duration ◽  
Sleep Health ◽  
Short Sleep ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽  
Waking Up

Although low neighborhood social cohesion (nSC) has been linked with poor sleep, studies of racially/ethnically diverse participants using multiple sleep dimensions remain sparse. Using National Health Interview Survey data, we examined overall, age, sex/gender, and racial/ethnic-specific associations between nSC and sleep health among 167,153 adults. Self-reported nSC was categorized into low, medium, and high. Very short sleep duration was defined as <6 hours; short as <7 h, recommended as 7–9 h, and long as ≥9 h. Sleep disturbances were assessed based on trouble falling and staying asleep, waking up feeling unrested, and using sleep medication (all ≥3 days/times in the previous week). Adjusting for sociodemographics and other confounders, we used Poisson regression with robust variance to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sleep dimensions by low and medium vs. high nSC. The mean age of the sample was 47 ± 0.1 years, 52% of those included were women, and 69% were Non-Hispanic (NH)-White. Low vs. high nSC was associated with a higher prevalence of very short sleep (PR = 1.29; (95% CI = 1.23–1.36)). After adjustment, low vs. high nSC was associated with very short sleep duration among NH-White (PR = 1.34 (95% CI = 1.26–1.43)) and NH-Black (PR = 1.14 (95% CI = 1.02–1.28)) adults. Low nSC was associated with shorter sleep duration and sleep disturbances.

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