scholarly journals The Role of Obesity in Frailty Incidence: The San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 831-831
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Helen Hazuda ◽  
Sara Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
San Antonio ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Wasting Syndrome ◽  
Baseline Bmi

Abstract Background Although initially conceptualized as a wasting syndrome, obesity has been associated with frailty in prior studies. The goal of this study was to examine the associations of obesity and waist circumference with frailty and determine whether they predict incident frailty in an ethnically diverse population of older Mexican Americans (MAs) and European Americans (EAs). Methods 749 MA and EA community-dwelling older adults (65+) participated in the baseline examination of the San Antonio Longitudinal Study of Aging (SALSA), and 474 participants completed the first follow up approximately 6 years later. Frailty was classified using Fried criteria. Baseline characteristics, including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were summarized by frailty category (non-frail, pre-frail, frail) using ANOVA. The odds of becoming frail at follow-up by baseline BMI and WC were estimated using separate logistic regression models, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, diabetes, comorbidity (presence of ≥2 chronic diseases not including diabetes), baseline frailty score, and follow-up time. Results At baseline, participants were 69 ±3 years old, 61% female, and 50% MA. BMI and WC increased with increasing frailty category (p <0.01 for both). BMI was a significant predictor of incident frailty (OR=1.08, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02-1.14, p=0.011). WC also predicted frailty (OR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01-1.05, p =0.017). Conclusion These results demonstrate that BMI and WC are significant predictors of frailty. Interventions which target obesity may reduce the incidence of frailty; however, more research in this area is needed.

scholarly journals The impact of lockdown during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 825-833
Author(s):  
Arianna Manini ◽  
Michela Brambilla ◽  
Laura Maggiore ◽  
Simone Pomati ◽  
Leonardo Pantoni
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Caregiver Distress ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Inventory ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Behavioral And Psychological Symptoms

Abstract Background During Covid-19 pandemic, the Italian government adopted restrictive limitations and declared a national lockdown on March 9, which lasted until May 4 and produced dramatic consequences on people’s lives. The aim of our study was to assess the impact of prolonged lockdown on behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Methods Between April 30 and June 8, 2020, we interviewed with a telephone-based questionnaire the caregivers of the community-dwelling patients with dementia who had their follow-up visit scheduled from March 9 to May 15 and canceled due to lockdown. Among the information collected, patients’ BPSDs were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Non-parametric tests to compare differences between NPI scores over time and logistic regression models to explore the impact of different factors on BPSD worsening were performed. Results A total of 109 visits were canceled and 94/109 caregivers completed the interview. Apathy, irritability, agitation and aggression, and depression were the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by patients both at baseline and during Covid-19 pandemic. Changes in total NPI and caregiver distress scores between baseline and during lockdown, although statistically significant, were overall modest. The logistic regression model failed to determine predictors of BPSD worsening during lockdown. Conclusion This is one of the first studies to investigate the presence of BPSD during SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and related nationwide lockdown, showing only slight, likely not clinically relevant, differences in BPSD burden, concerning mostly agitation and aggression, anxiety, apathy and indifference, and irritability.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Among Community-Dwelling Mexican Americans Aged 80 and Older

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 153331752110429
Author(s):  
Sadaf Arefi Milani ◽  
Phillip A Cantu ◽  
Abbey B. Berenson ◽  
Yong-Fang Kuo ◽  
Kyriakos S. Markides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Design And Methods

Background and Objectives To assess gender differences in prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) among community-dwelling Mexican Americans ≥80 years. Research Design and Methods: Using data from Wave 7 (2010–2011) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly, we analyzed the NPS of 914 participants as determined by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) with assessments conducted by their caregivers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to test the association of individual NPS with gender, adjusting for relevant characteristics. Results: The average age of our sample was 86.1 years, and 65.3% were women. Over 60% of participants had at least one informant/caregiver reported NPS. After adjustment, women had lower odds than men of agitation/aggression but higher odds of dysphoria/depression and anxiety. Discussion: Recognizing gender differences in NPS phenotype could help guide development of culturally appropriate NPS screening and treatment programs.

scholarly journals Neighborhood Social Cohesion and Walking Limitations in Ethnically Diverse Older Latinos in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-252
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Vasquez ◽  
Rosenda Murrillo ◽  
Sandra Echeverria
Keyword(s):  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
The United States ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Neighborhood Social Cohesion ◽  
Diverse Groups

Walking is the most common form of physical activity and socially cohesive neighborhoods may provide the context for racially/ethnically diverse groups to maintain an active lifestyle, particularly at older ages. Among Latinos, the associa­tion between neighborhood cohesion and walking behaviors may additionally differ by Latino group. We examined the associa­tion between neighborhood social cohe­sion and walking limitations among Latinos overall and by specific Latino groups. We combined data from the 2013 to 2016 Na­tional Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and selected adults aged ≥60 years (n= 3,716). Walking limitations were assessed based on responses to the “experienced difficulty walking” survey question. Social cohesion was measured using four NHIS questions regarding neighborhood social cohesion. Logistic regression models were stratified by Latino subgroup. Mexican Americans repre­sented the largest proportion of the sample (55%). Cubans had the highest proportion of individuals reporting high neighborhood social cohesion (51%), while Dominicans had the lowest proportion (29%). In the total sample, those with high and medium neighborhood social cohesion reported lower odds of walking limitations. Although tests for interaction were not statistically significant, stratified analyses showed that all Latino groups had lower odds of walk­ing limitations if they lived in a high social cohesion neighborhood compared with low social cohesion neighborhoods. Our results suggest that neighborhood social cohe­sion is associated with walking limitations among diverse groups of older Latinos. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):247-252; doi:10.18865/ ed.29.2.247

scholarly journals Personality-Related Determinants of Subtle Cognitive Decline in Old Age: A Population-Based Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristelle Rodriguez ◽  
Emiliano Albanese ◽  
Alan Pegna ◽  
Simona Toma ◽  
Marine Ackermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Healthy Elderly

Background/Aims: Recent studies of cases with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) suggested that besides Alzheimer disease (AD)-related biomarkers, some personality dimensions are associated with progression to AD. To date, there are no studies addressing the psychological determinants of subtle cognitive decline in healthy elderly controls. Methods: 488 community-dwelling healthy controls were assessed with a detailed neuropsychological battery at baseline and an 18-month follow-up. Personality factors and facets were investigated at baseline using the NEO-Personality Inventory-Revised (NEO-PI-R). Upon follow-up, there were 264 stable controls (sCON) and 224 deteriorating controls (dCON). Their personality data were compared to those of the 102 MCI cases using one-way analysis of variance and logistic regression models. Results: Significantly higher scores of Openness factor (as well as Aesthetics, Ideas and Values facets) were found in sCON than in both dCON and MCI cases. The three groups did not differ in the other NEO-PI-R factor and facet scores. Openess factor (and the same facets) was associated with cognitive preservation in healthy controls (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.87). Lower scores in the same factor and facets conferred higher risk to have MCI (OR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.79). Conclusion: Higher openness to new experiences and thoughts may be a protective factor against early cognitive decline in brain aging.

scholarly journals Association Between Sense of Coherence and Health Outcomes at 10 and 20 Years Follow-Up: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study in Germany

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Dziuba ◽  
Janina Krell-Roesch ◽  
Steffen C. E. Schmidt ◽  
Klaus Bös ◽  
Alexander Woll
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Longitudinal Associations ◽  
Health Parameters

Background: The sense of coherence (SOC) is reported to influence health, but health may also have an impact on SOC. The objective of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between SOC and selected self-reported and physician-assessed health outcomes over a period of 10 and 20 years and to determine the predominant direction of the associations.Methods: We conducted a population-based, longitudinal study, involving 392 participants (188 females and 204 males; mean age 43.01 years) who were followed for a median of 10 and 18 years. Analyses of variance were carried out to examine the longitudinal associations between SOC at baseline and health outcomes (i.e., self-rated health status, SHS; physical health status assessed by a physician, PHS; self-reported satisfaction with life, SWL) at follow-ups. The direction of associations was examined using a cross-lagged model on correlation coefficients.Results: There were significant group effects for SOC at baseline on SHS at 20-year follow-up (F = 4.09, p = 0.018, ηp2 = 0.041), as well as on SWL at 10-year (F = 12.67, p < 0.01, ηp2 = 0.072) and at 20-year follow-up (F = 8.09, p < 0.1, ηp2 = 0.069). SHS (r = 0.238, p < 0.01), PHS (r = −0.140, p < 0.05) and SWL (r = 0.400, p < 0.01) predicted SOC at 10-year follow-up stronger than vice versa. The direction of associations between SOC and health parameters at 20-year follow-up was less consistent.Conclusions: The long-term associations between SOC and self-reported and physician-assessed health may be reciprocal in community-dwelling adults. More research is needed to examine the predictive power of health on SOC and whether interventions targeted at improving health parameters, may impact SOC.

scholarly journals 400Overactive bladder with/without urinary incontinence and falls in the community-dwelling elderly

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Omae ◽  
Noriaki Kurita ◽  
Taro Takeshima ◽  
Toru Naganuma ◽  
Sei Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Important Predictor ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Falls In Older Adults ◽  
Tree Approach

Abstract Background Little is known about the fall risk of older adults with overactive bladder (OAB), especially in the absence of urgency incontinence (UI). Methods This prospective cohort study included 630 community-dwelling, independent older adults 75 years old or older who attended a health check-up in 2017 with a 1-year follow-up. The associations of OAB with and without UI (OAB-wet and OAB-dry) with a fall history, and future fall risk compared to no OAB were assessed using logistic regression models. The contribution of OAB as a predictor of falls was examined using a random forest and decision tree approach. Results Of the 577 analyzed participants (median age 79 years), 273 were men. The prevalence of OAB-dry and OAB-wet at baseline was 15% and 14%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that both OAB-dry and OAB-wet were associated with a higher likelihood of prior falls (adjusted ORs vs no OAB 2.03 and 2.21, respectively; 95% CI 1.23–3.37 and 1.29–3.78, respectively). Among the 363 participants without a fall history, the adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of OAB-dry and OAB-wet for the occurrence of falls during the 1-year follow-up were 2.74 (1.19–6.29) and 1.35 (0.47–3.87), respectively. The tree-based approach used for all participants showed that OAB was an important predictor of falls in adults without a fall history. Conclusions OAB, even in the absence of UI, is an important predictor of falls in older adults with a low absolute fall risk. Key messages Our findings suggest that OAB is a risk factor for falls in the community-dwelling elderly irrespective of the presence of UI.

scholarly journals The art of life and death: 14 year follow-up analyses of associations between arts engagement and mortality in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

BMJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. l6377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Andrew Steptoe
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Arts Engagement ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between different frequencies of arts engagement and mortality over a 14 year follow-up period.DesignProspective cohort study.ParticipantsEnglish Longitudinal Study of Ageing cohort of 6710 community dwelling adults aged 50 years and older (53.6% women, average age 65.9 years, standard deviation 9.4) who provided baseline data in 2004-05.InterventionSelf reported receptive arts engagement (going to museums, art galleries, exhibitions, the theatre, concerts, or the opera).MeasurementMortality measured through data linkage to the National Health Service central register.ResultsPeople who engaged with receptive arts activities on an infrequent basis (once or twice a year) had a 14% lower risk of dying at any point during the follow-up (809/3042 deaths, hazard ratio 0.86, 95% confidence interval 0.77 to 0.96) compared with those who never engaged (837/1762 deaths). People who engaged with receptive arts activities on a frequent basis (every few months or more) had a 31% lower risk of dying (355/1906 deaths, 0.69, 0.59 to 0.80), independent of demographic, socioeconomic, health related, behavioural, and social factors. Results were robust to a range of sensitivity analyses with no evidence of moderation by sex, socioeconomic status, or social factors. This study was observational and so causality cannot be assumed.ConclusionsReceptive arts engagement could have a protective association with longevity in older adults. This association might be partly explained by differences in cognition, mental health, and physical activity among those who do and do not engage in the arts, but remains even when the model is adjusted for these factors.

scholarly journals Gender-specific risk factors for incident sarcopenia: 8-year follow-up of the English longitudinal study of ageing

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Yang ◽  
Lee Smith ◽  
Mark Hamer
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

BackgroundThe aetiology of age-related sarcopenia is not known.ObjectivesTo investigate if risk of developing sarcopenia differs by gender and to identify gender-specific risk factors of incident sarcopenia in a large population-based cohort of older English adults.MethodsThe sample (n=3404; age 63.4 (SD 7.7) years; 54.1% women) comprised older community-dwelling adults recruited from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Sarcopenia was defined as handgrip <26 kg in men and <16 kg in women. Handgrip strength was assessed at baseline (2004/2005) and repeated at follow-up (2012/2013). Analysed risk factors included baseline anthropometric measures, smoking, vigorous and moderate physical activity, depressive symptoms, chronic illnesses and wealth. After excluding participants with sarcopenia at baseline, multivariable logistic regressions were used to explore baseline risk factors for incident sarcopenia.ResultsDuring 8-year follow-up, 208 and 287 cases of sarcopenia were identified in men (n=1564) and women (n=1840), respectively. Women were at 20% (age adjusted OR=1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.47) higher risk of developing sarcopenia than men. The inverse association between physical activity and sarcopenia risk was observed at moderate (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.67) and vigorous (0.53, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.82) intensities in men and only vigorous (OR=0.44, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.68) intensity in women. Social factors, such as wealth, and chronic health conditions appeared to be more strongly associated with sarcopenia in men.ConclusionWomen are at higher risk of developing incident sarcopenia than men, and this is likely explained by a range of gender-specific risk factors.

Perceived Parental Knowledge Reduces Risk for Initiation of Nicotine and Cannabis Vaping: A Longitudinal Study of Adolescents

2022 ◽  
pp. 089011712110619
Author(s):  
Dale S. Mantey ◽  
Stephanie L. Clendennen ◽  
Andrew E. Springer ◽  
Melissa B. Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Parental Knowledge ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Engagement Strategies ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Purpose This study examines the role of perceived parental knowledge on initiation of nicotine and cannabis vaping among youth. Design Longitudinal study from a self-administered online survey. Three waves of data collected in 6-month intervals. Setting 79 public and private schools in Texas. Participants Adolescents who self-reported never using e-cigarette to vape nicotine (n=1907; weighted sample [N] = 304371) or vape cannabis (n=2212; N=351955) at baseline. Participants were in 8th, 10th, and 12th grade at baseline. Measures Self-reported measures of nicotine and cannabis vaping. Analyses Weighted multivariate logistic regression models examined role of perceived parental knowledge at baseline (Spring 2016) as a predictor of nicotine and cannabis vaping initiation at 6-month (Fall 2016) and 12 month (Spring 2017) follow-up. Covariates were age, sex, race/ethnicity, and other tobacco use. Results Initiation rates were 5.9% for nicotine vaping and 8.6% for cannabis vaping, at 12-month follow-up overall. Higher perceived parental knowledge was associated with lower odds of nicotine vaping initiation at 6 months (adj OR: .69; 95% CI: .50-.93) and 12 months (adj OR: .68; 95% CI: .50-.92). Similarly, higher perceived parental knowledge was associated with lower odds of cannabis vaping initiation at 6 months (adj OR: .58; 95% CI: .38-.87) and 12 months (adj OR: .53; 95% CI: .38-.74). Conclusion E-cigarette prevention efforts directed at adolescents should incorporate parent engagement strategies as a method of increasing actual and perceived parental knowledge of their child’s location, activities and peer groups.

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