Abstract
Objective
To determine whether body mass index (BMI) and leptin were longitudinally associated over 10 years with neuropsychological performance (NP) among middle-aged women with HIV (WWH) versus without HIV.
Methods
Women’s Interagency HIV Study (WIHS) participants (301 WWH, 113 women without HIV from Brooklyn, New York City and Chicago had baseline and 10-year BMI (kg/m2) and fasting plasma leptin levels using commercial ELISA (ng/mL); and demographically-adjusted NP T-scores (attention/working memory, executive function (EF), processing speed, memory, learning, verbal fluency, motor function, global) at 10-year follow-up. Multivariable linear regression analyses, stratified by HIV-serostatus, examined associations between BMI, leptin, and NP.
Results
Over 10 years, women (baseline age 39.8+/-9.2 years, 73% Black, 73% WWH) transitioned from average overweight (29.1+/-7.9 kg/m 2) to obese (30.5+/-7.9 kg/m 2) BMI. Leptin increased 11.4+/-26.4 ng/mL (p<0.0001). Higher baseline BMI and leptin predicted poorer 10-year EF among all women (BMI B=-6.97, 95%CI(-11.5, -2.45) p=0.003; leptin B=-1.90, 95%CI(-3.03, -0.76), p=0.001); higher baseline BMI predicted better memory performance (B=6.35, 95%CI(1.96, 10.7), p=0.005). Greater 10-year leptin increase predicted poorer EF (p=0.004), speed (p=0.029), verbal (p=0.021) and global (p=0.005) performance among all women, and WWH. Greater 10-year BMI increase predicted slower processing speed (p=0.043) among all women; and among WWH, poorer EF (p=0.012) and global (p=0.035) performance.
Conclusions
In middle-aged WIHS participants, 10-year increases in BMI and leptin were associated with poorer performance across multiple NP domains among all and WWH. Trajectories of adiposity measures over time may provide insight into the role of adipose tissue in brain health with aging.