Geographical epidemiology of common methods of suicide and suicide attempts during the years 2010-2013 in Fars Province, Iran

Abstract. Restriction of access to means for suicidal behavior, especially dangerous methods, is a key element in most national suicide prevention strategies. In this paper the rationale for this is discussed, including the fact that suicidal impulses are often brief, that availability of a method may influence both the occurrence and outcome of a suicidal act, and that if a favored means becomes less available it does not always result in substitution by another method. Examples of evidence for the effectiveness of restricting availability of suicidal methods on subsequent suicidal behavior are presented, plus the supporting findings from studies of long-term survivors of serious suicide attempts in which only a minority have gone on to die in subsequent suicide attempts. Finally, factors likely to determine the effectiveness of modifying access to means for suicide are considered, together with the main elements that need to be addressed in evaluation.

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Socio-demographic characteristics of persons with psychiatric disorders who committed suicide

Medicinski pregled ◽

10.2298/mpns1702018l ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 70 (1-2) ◽

pp. 18-24

Author(s):

Dragana Ljusic ◽

Dragan Ravanic ◽

Ivan Soldatovic ◽

Snezana Filipovic-Danic ◽

Mirjana Stojanovic-Tasic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Private Source ◽

Police Records ◽

The Republic ◽

The City ◽

Methods Of Suicide

Introduction. Psychiatric disorders represent an important risk factor for death by suicide. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of psychiatric disorders among the persons who committed suicide in the territory of the City of Nis in the period 2001 - 2010. Additionally, this study aimed to compare the socio-demographic characteristics between persons with and without psychiatric disorders. Material and methods. This retrospective study included 524 persons who committed suicide (330 with and 194 without psychiatric disorders) in the period 2001 - 2010. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, previous suicide attempts, and methods of suicide were obtained from medical and police records (Police Directorate for the City of Nis, and Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia). Results. We studied the incidence of suicides among the persons with psychiatric disorders compared to persons without any medical condition in the studied period. Depression (104, 31.5%) and personality disorders (103, 31.2%) were the most common psychiatric disorders among the persons who committed suicide, whereas only 21 persons (6.36%) had schizophrenia. Persons with psychiatric disorders had a higher level of education, more of them were divorced, had a private source of income and more frequently attempted suicide compared to persons without any diseases (p<0.001). The most common methods of suicide were hanging and poisoning in both investigated groups. Conclusion. Depression was the most common disorder registered among the persons with psychiatric disorders who committed suicide. It is necessary to develop a national strategy for suicide prevention for groups at high risk of suicide.

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Comparison of Characteristics of Suicide Attempts Registered in Urban and Rural Areas in China

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.805324 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Lingling Li ◽

Chunxu Liu ◽

Yongsheng Tong ◽

Jianlan Wu ◽

Wei Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Rural Counties ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Methods Of Suicide ◽

Previous Suicide Attempt

Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the characteristics of suicide attempts registered in general hospitals in urban and rural areas in China.Methods: From January 2007 to December 2011, suicide attempts registered in hospitals in five rural counties and in the Beijing Municipality were included. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to compare the characteristics of rural and urban suicide attempts in China.Results: A total of 5,515 episodes of suicide attempts were included, 1,966 (35.6%) of them were from rural counties and 3,549 (64.4%) were from Beijing. Compared with urban counterparts, the rural suicide attempters had lower proportion of females (61.9% vs. 72.3%), more likely reporting previous suicide attempt history (56.9% vs. 16.4%), and staying in hospital for more than 1 day (81.5% vs. 44.6%). The most common methods of suicide attempts were pesticide ingestion in rural areas (52.1%) and taking medications in urban area (39.2%). Results of multivariate analysis indicated that suicide attempt registered in rural areas, pesticide ingestion, and previous suicide attempts history were associated with longer treatment in hospitals.Conclusions: Suicide attempts registered in rural areas were different from those in urban areas in China. It is essential to improve the equipment and ability of medical resuscitation for pesticide ingestion in rural hospitals in China.

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Manifestations of Indirect Self-destructiveness and Methods of Suicide Attempts

Psychiatric Quarterly ◽

10.1007/s11126-012-9239-x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 197-208 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Konstantinos Tsirigotis ◽

Wojciech Gruszczynski ◽

Marta Lewik-Tsirigotis

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempts ◽

Methods Of Suicide

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Firearm suicide in Queensland

Journal of Sociology ◽

10.1177/1440783309337673 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 83-98 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gordon Tait ◽

Belinda Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Elderly Men ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Rural Settings ◽

Firearm Suicide ◽

History Of ◽

Methods Of Suicide ◽

Very High

The purpose of this article is to examine firearm suicide in Queensland. In 2006, statistical data were gathered from all closed paper coronial files for the 12-month period of December 2003—December 2004. Of the 567 people who committed suicide in Queensland during this period, 48 (8.5%) used firearms. The following results emerge from this data: first, gun suicides are continuing to decrease in Queensland, most likely as a function of ongoing gun controls, a decrease accompanied by a lesser increase in other methods of suicide, thereby providing little support for substitution theory; second, men continue to be more likely to shoot themselves, particularly elderly men; third, firearms are more likely to be used in rural settings, and by those with no known history of mental illness or previous suicide attempts. Finally, in spite of otherwise very high suicide rates, Aborigines rarely employ firearms, using instead the culturally significant method of hanging.

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Characteristics of methods of suicide attempts in Korea: Korea National Suicide Survey (KNSS)

Journal of Affective Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 188 ◽

pp. 218-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Bora Kim ◽

Joon-Ho Ahn ◽

Boseok Cha ◽

Young-Chul Chung ◽

Tae Hyon Ha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Suicide Attempts ◽

Methods Of Suicide

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Methods of suicide predict the risks and method-switching of subsequent suicide attempts: a community cohort study in Taiwan

Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment ◽

10.2147/ndt.s61965 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 711 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Liang-Jen Wang ◽

Yu-Chi Huang ◽

Ya-Wen Wu ◽

Chih-Ken Chen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Methods Of Suicide

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Is Drug Use Related to the Choice of Potentially More Harmful Methods in Suicide Attempts?

Substance Abuse Research and Treatment ◽

10.4137/sart.s13851 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. SART.S13851 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dartiu Xavier Da Silveira ◽

Thiago Marques Fidalgo ◽

Monica Di Pietro ◽

Jair Guilherme Santos ◽

Leonardo Q Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Suicide Attempt ◽

Impulse Control ◽

Attempted Suicide ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Impulsive Control ◽

Psychoactive Drugs ◽

Emergency Ward ◽

Dual Diagnoses ◽

Methods Of Suicide

Objective To identify whether drug abuse is a risk factor for potentially more harmful methods of suicide attempts that could predict suicide completion in the future. Methods: The study involved the assessment of 86 patients who attempted suicide and who were admitted to the emergency ward of a Southwestern Brazilian general hospital. Results: Most patients were women (84.9%), young adults (30.53 ± 10.4 years), and single (61.6%). Recent drug use was reported by 53.5%, and 25.6% reported the use of drugs during the 24-hour period immediately before the suicide attempt. Most patients (75.6%) ingested pills when attempting suicide–-a method considered potentially less harmful. Hanging, jumping, gas inhaling, and wrist cutting accounted for 22.2% of the attempts. Considering dual diagnoses, 54.7% presented with a depressive disorder, 8.1% with a disorder on the impulse control spectrum, and 26.7% reported an associated clinical condition. Recent drug use was predictive of the severity of the suicide attempt, as it was reported by 81% of those who engaged in more harmful attempts and by 46.2% of those who used less harmful methods ( P < 0.01; odds ratio = 4.96; confidence interval: 1.5–16.4). Conclusion: The identified variables associated with the use of potentially more harmful methods in suicide attempts were gender (male), presence of an impulsive control disorder, and recent use of psychoactive drugs.

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The practice of lethal means restriction counseling in US emergency departments to reduce suicide risk: a systematic review of the literature

Injury Epidemiology ◽

10.1186/s40621-021-00347-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (S1) ◽

Author(s):

Amy A. Hunter ◽

Susan DiVietro ◽

Megan Boyer ◽

Kristin Burnham ◽

Danielle Chenard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Healthcare Providers ◽

Clinical Settings ◽

Published Evidence ◽

Adequate Education ◽

The Us ◽

Study Participants ◽

Methods Of Suicide ◽

Lethal Means

Abstract Background Suicide is a leading cause of death in the US. Lethal means restriction (LMR), which encourages limiting access and reducing the lethality of particular methods of suicide, has been identified as a viable prevention strategy. For this approach to be successful, adequate education about risks and means must be communicated to families and individuals at risk for suicide. This systematic review aims to identify LMR methods most commonly communicated by healthcare providers in the emergency department, and barriers to the delivery of such counseling. Methods The protocol for this systematic review is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018076734). Included studies were identified through searching four databases (PubMed, Scopus, PsycInfo, and EBSCO). Studies were selected and coded independently by two researchers using the PICOS framework. Included studies examined LMR counseling delivered in the ED regardless of patient age, sex or race/ethnicity. Results A total of 1282 studies were screened; 9 met the inclusion criteria. Included studies were published from 1998 to 2020. Study participants were majority female, and safe firearm storage was the most common form of LMR counseling provided. Eight studies included counseling on multiple forms of lethal means, [e.g., alcohol, medication, and firearm storage] and one study focused solely on safe firearm storage. Two studies reported barriers limiting healthcare providers’ delivery of LMR counseling, including lack of specialized skills and skepticism regarding the effectiveness of LMR counseling. Conclusion There is limited published evidence that identifies the most effective methods and target populations for LMR counseling. Given the growing literature that provides evidence of gender differences in suicide modality (e.g., guns, medications, suffocation), LMR counseling should be multifaceted, to address common means of suicide in both men and women. Despite evidence that the majority of suicide attempts and half of completed suicides do not involve firearms, results showed that LMR counseling is frequently focused on promoting the safe storage of firearms. This highlights the need to include counseling focused on a variety of lethal means to reduce risk of suicide completion. Prospective studies should also aim to identify the most efficacious methods of delivering LMR counseling in the clinical settings.

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