Effects of Replacing Maize Bran with Maize Cob on Nutrients Utilization, Rumen Metabolites and Microbes of Red Sokoto Bucks

Abstract Background Agriculture being one of the major practices in the world has contributed to environmental pollution, especially in developing countries where there were no equipment to recycle the agricultural wastes. Considering the high level of infestation of paddy by Sitotroga cerealella and the high level of pollution caused by agricultural wastes, this research investigated the chemical composition and toxicity of agro wastes (rice husk, maize cob, groundnut and cowpea pods) as eco-friendly protectants of paddy against Sitotroga cerealella. Parameters assessed include adult mortality, oviposition, adult emergence and egg hatchability. Gas chromatography and mass spectrophotometry were used to isolate and characterize the active compounds present in the most effective crude extract. Results The results of the study revealed that all agricultural wastes showed high mortality effect on S. cerealella. Cowpea pod powder was the most toxic to adult paddy moth that caused 33.33%, 36.67%, 46.67%, 50% and 60% mortality of S. cerealella at concentrations 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g, 0.4 g and 0.5 g/20 g of paddy grains after 24 h of exposure, respectively. The Cowpea pod, groundnut pod and maize cob extracts caused 100% mortality of S. cerealella at concentration 0.5 ml/20 g of paddy grains after 96 h of exposure, respectively. The lethal concentrations LC50 and LC90 of cowpea pod after 24 h were 0.16 and 0.64 ml which were the lowest of all agro waste extract tested. GC–MS analysis revealed that 19 chemical compounds were present in cowpea pod extract, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (a methyl ester) has the highest percentage total of 39.57% and 4-Pentenal, 2-methylene (0.12%) has the least percentage total. Conclusion All the observations revealed that cowpea pod was the most effective. The findings also suggested that the selected agricultural wastes have a promising insecticidal potential and can be used as alternatives to synthetic chemical insecticides for the control of stored product insects.

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Development of Ternary Concrete Utilizing Agricultural Waste Material

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1107515/v1 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Sunita Kumari ◽

Dhirendra Singhal ◽

Rinku Walia ◽

Ajay Rathee

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Rice Husk Ash ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Xrd Analysis ◽

Sem Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Concrete Mix ◽

Maize Cob

Abstract The present project proposes to utilize rice husk and maize cob husk ash in the cement to mitigate the adverse impact of cement on environment and to enhance the disposal of waste in a sustainable manner. Ternary concrete / MR concrete was prepared by using rise husk and maize cob ash with cement. For the present project, five concrete mixes MR-0 (Control mix), MR-1 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-2 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-5%), MR-3 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%), MR-4 (Rice husk ash 10% and MR-2.5%) were prepared. M35 concrete mix was designed as per IS 10262:2009 for low slump values 0-25mm. The purpose is to find the optimum replacement level of cement in M35 grade ternary concrete for I – Shaped paver blocks.In order to study the effects of these additions, micro-structural and structural properties test of concretes have been conducted. The crystalline properties of control mix and modified concrete are analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that 10% Rice husk ash and 5% maize cob ash replaced with cement produce a desirable quality of ternary concrete mix having good compressive strength. The results of SEM analysis indicated that the morphology of both concrete were different, showing porous structure at 7 days age and become unsymmetrical with the addition of ashes. After 28 day age, the control mix contained more quantity of ettringite and became denser than ternary concrete. XRD analysis revealed the presence of portlandite in large quantity in controlled mix concrete while MR concrete had the partially hydrated particle of alite.

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Comparative Growth Performance of Oreochromis Hybrids and Selectively-Bred Strain (F8) in Malawi

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v5n4p13 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Daud Kassam ◽

Marcus Sangazi

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Quality Parameters ◽

Conversion Ratio ◽

Food Conversion ◽

Growth And Survival ◽

Maize Bran ◽

Better Than

Most fish farmers in Malawi culture unimproved fish strains whose growth is slow and mature while still small. Four strains of Oreochromis, namely; selectively-bred/improved O. shiranus (F8), two reciprocal F1 Oreochromis hybrids, and O. karongae as a control (mean weight 2.5 ± 0.7 g) were stocked at a density of 5fish/m2 in 9m2 hapas replicated three times, and cultured for 90 days at Bunda Fish Farm. Fish were fed twice a day with feed formulated using maize bran and soybean containing 30% crude protein throughout the experimental period. The final mean weights were significantly different (p<0.05) across the treatments whereby; hybrid O. shiranus (male) X O. karongae (female) was 12.09g, hybrid O. shiranus (female) X O. karongae (male) was 9.72g, improved O. shiranus (F8) registered 9.23g, and O. karongae was the least with 9.00g. Apparent food conversion ratio was also statistically different (p<0.05) across the treatments whereby; O. karongae was 3.63, hybrid O. shiranus (female) X O. karongae (male) was 3.25, improved O. shiranus (F8) was 3.16 and hybrid O. shiranus (male) X O. karongae (female) was lowest with 2.26. There were no significant differences on the water quality parameters across the treatments throughout the experimental period and were within the required ranges for growth and survival of tilapias fish species. The results suggest that Oreochromis hybrids may be suitable candidates for aquaculture in terms of production as they performed better than the improved O. shiranus and the control O. karongae.

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Production of Feruloyl Esterase from Aspergillus niger by Solid-State Fermentation on Different Carbon Sources

Enzyme Research ◽

10.4061/2011/848939 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Shiyi Ou ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Yong Wang ◽

Ning Zhang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Source ◽

Nitrogen Source ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Feruloyl Esterase ◽

Plant Cell Walls ◽

Optimal Conditions ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Maize Bran

A mixture of wheat bran with maize bran as a carbon source and addition of (NH4)SO4 as nitrogen source was found to significantly increase production of feruloyl esterase (FAE) enzyme compared with wheat bran as a sole carbon and nitrogen source. The optimal conditions in conical flasks were carbon source (30 g) to water 1 : 1, maize bran to wheat bran 1 : 2, (NH4)SO4 1.2 g and MgSO4 70 mg. Under these conditions, FAE activity was 7.68 mU/g. The FAE activity on the mixed carbon sources showed, high activity against the plant cell walls contained in the cultures.

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Maize Plants Infestation by Fusarium spp. and Deoxynivalenol in Genetically Modified Corn Hybrid and Traditional Maize Cultivars

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2011-045 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 317-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MAREK SELWET

Keyword(s):

European Corn Borer ◽

Genetically Modified ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Genetically Modified Maize ◽

Corn Borer ◽

Maize Cultivars ◽

Maize Plants ◽

Maize Cob ◽

Grain Contamination ◽

Mon 810

The objective of the performed investigations was to isolate pathogenic fungi from contaminated maize cobs, to assess the appearance of maize cob fusariosis and to determine grain contamination with deoxynivalenol in the cultivation of genetically modified maize containing a gene resistance against European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn) as well as selected non-modified cultivars. The plant material comprised the following genetically modified maize cultivar: DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and non-modified cultivars obtained from Smolice Plant Breeding Ltd., IHAR Group: Junak (FAO 210-220), Prosna (FAO 220), SMH (FAO 230), Baca (FAO 220). Prior to harvesting, the occurrence of maize cob fusariosis was determined in the 89 (BBCH) developmental ripening stage. Microbiological assessment was carried out on grains selected from cobs characterized by various pathological symptoms. In 2008, a total of 133 isolates was obtained from the examined samples of infected maize plants, of which 51 isolates were species-identified, while in 2009, the total of 123 isolates were determined, of which 63 were species-identified. In both experimental years, the majority of isolates contained fungi from the Fusarium genus. The performed analysis of mean levels of cob contamination by fusarioses revealed that DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) and SMH (FAO 230) cultivars showed the smallest levels of contamination as well as the lowest percent of cob contamination per plant, while Junak (FAO 210-220) and Baca (FAO 220) cultivars were characterized by the highest degree of contamination. The lowest deoxynivalenol concentrations were determined in years 2008 and 2009 in the case of the DKC 3421 YG (MON 810) cultivar, whereas Prosna (FAO 220) cultivar was characterized by the highest deoxynivalenol concentration.

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