Aflatoxins and fumonisin contamination of marketed maize, maize bran and maize used as animal feed in Northern Tanzania

Fly larvae, in particular those of house fly (Musca domestica) and black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens), are increasingly considered for animal feed worldwide. A simple way to produce fly larvae is to expose suitable substrates to attract adult flies that will lay eggs in the substrates from where larvae will be subsequently extracted. This study aims to evaluate the potential of animal manures and agri-food wastes for maggot production and to identify the fly species developing in the substrates. Experiments were conducted in the Republic of Benin. Twenty-six substrates were left uncovered for 10 hours and maggots were harvested after four days. Fresh substrates were then added to residual substrates and left uncovered for another 10 hours for another production cycle. In total, three production cycles were monitored. In the first cycle, nearly 100% of the flies were house flies but black soldier flies appeared in the following cycles. The result showed that crop and agri-food substrates produced more larvae than manures. The highest yield at the first production cycle was obtained with the mixture of soybean bran and maize grain pericarp. Maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure also showed potential for maggot production. Other substrates such as cow and sheep/goat manure produced nearly no maggot when used alone but the amount of larvae substantially increased when attractants such as chicken offal were added, or when mixed with pig and chicken manure. Production decreased with the production cycles for the majority of substrates, except for mixtures based on spent grain and pineapple grain, which produced a large amount of larva at the second harvest. The activity of maggots led to temperature elevation and reduction of substrate biomass. This study showed that several substrates, in particular soybean bran, maize bran, pig manure and chicken manure show potential for maggot production.

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Influence of body mass index on breast cancer risk related dietary patterns among women in Northern Tanzania: a case-control study

Das Gesundheitswesen ◽

10.1055/s-0031-1283501 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 73 (08/09) ◽

Author(s):

I Jordan ◽

A Hebestreit ◽

B Swai ◽

M Krawinkel

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

Cancer Risk ◽

Body Mass ◽

Dietary Patterns ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Northern Tanzania ◽

Control Study

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Antimicrobial properties of tannin extracts as animal feed

10.1055/s-0039-3399960 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

S Štumpf ◽

G Hostnik ◽

M Leitgeb ◽

M Primožič ◽

U Bren

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Antimicrobial Properties

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Problems of ensuring metrological traceability of measurement results of indicators of quality for food products and food raw materials

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-3-64-70 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 64-70

Author(s):

Mariya Y. Medvedevskikh ◽

Anna S. Sergeeva

Keyword(s):

Reference Materials ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Meat Products ◽

Metrological Traceability ◽

Food Products ◽

Freeze Dried ◽

Measurement Results

The article raises the problem of ensuring metrological traceability of the measurement results of indicators of quality and nutritional value for food products and food raw materials: water (moisture), nitrogen (protein, crude protein), fat, ash and carbohydrates. The problem under consideration can be solved by applying reference materials of food composition, traceable to state primary measurement standards GET 173-2017 and GET 176-2019 and primary reference measurement procedures (PRMP), for attestation of measurement procedures and accuracy checking of measurement results. The article discusses the results of the PRMP development of mass fraction of fat, ash and carbohydrates in food products and food raw materials, as well as mass fraction of crude fat (oil content) in oil crops seeds and products based on them. The paper also presents metrological characteristics of reference materials of composition of dry dairy products, grain-milk dry porridges for nutrition of babies, grain dry porridges for nutrition of babies, egg powder, freeze-dried meat products, animal feed. The results of the work allow for building a chain of metrological traceability from GET 173-2017, GET 176-2019 and PRMP to routine measurement procedures, thereby ensuring the uniformity of measurements of nutritional value of food products.

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Markets for Purchased Farm Inputs

Voprosy Ekonomiki ◽

10.32609/0042-8736-2005-6-60-71 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 60-71

Author(s):

E. Serova ◽

O. Shick

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Financial Constraints ◽

Information Sources ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Government Policies ◽

Market Institutions ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Government Organizations ◽

The Impact ◽

Farm Inputs

Russian policy makers argue that agriculture suffers from decapitalization due to financial constraints faced by producers. This view is the basis for the national agricultural policy, which emphasizes reimbursement of input costs and substitutes government and quasi-government organizations for missing market institutions. The article evaluates the availability of purchased farm inputs, the efficiency of their use, the main problems in the emergence of market institutions, and the impact of government policies. The analysis focuses on five groups of purchased inputs: farm machinery, fertilizers, fuel, seeds, and animal feed. The information sources include official statistics and data from two original surveys.

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Pengaruh Kecepatan Putar Terhadap Hasil Coran pada Metode Pengecoran Sentrifugal dalam Pembuatan Produk Pisau Pakan Ternak dengan Material Ni-Hard1

Manutech : Jurnal Teknologi Manufaktur ◽

10.33504/manutech.v11i01.92 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (01) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Roni Kusnowo ◽

Kus Hanaldi

Keyword(s):

Animal Feed ◽

Centrifugal Casting ◽

Impact Resistance ◽

Literature Study ◽

Gravity Casting ◽

Friction Resistance ◽

Optimal Speed ◽

Mold Making

Animal feed knife is a tool that serves to cut and chop animal feed consisting of grass as the main ingredient with additives such as bran, herbs, centrate, cassava, tofu pulp and others. Therefore, as a cutting tool must have the properties of friction resistance, impact resistance, and have good sharpness, so that the material chosen is Ni-Hard 1. The use of centrifugal casting method was chosen because it has the advantage of being able to make castings with relatively thin thickness this is due to the influence of the centrifugal force on the distribution of metal liquids throughout the cavity in the mold. Case study in this study is the use of centrifugal casting methods as an alternative to gravity casting methods to overcome defects of misruns. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of speed on the formation of castings products. The method that was carried out began with a literature study on centrifugal casting, and continued by determining the material, the temperature of the cast is in the range 1250ºC - 1300ºC, and the type of mold. The next step is to do work drawings, pattern making, mold making, casting processes, fettling processes, and analysis. With variations in speed of 200 rpm, 300 rpm and 400 rpm, it can be seen the optimal speed for making this product. The results of this study obtained optimal speed at a speed of 300 rpm to make good quality of animal feed knife products.

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TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

Economic History ◽

10.15507/2409-630x.045.015.201902.154-165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 154-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Elena N. Mokshina ◽

Mihail I. Svyatkin

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Group ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Building Materials ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Economic Activities ◽

Important Place ◽

Main Building ◽

Genetic Problem ◽

Materials Used ◽

Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

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The Politics of Precaution

10.23943/princeton/9780691124162.001.0001 ◽

2012 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

David Vogel

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Animal Feed ◽

The United States ◽

Hazardous Substances ◽

Risk Regulation ◽

Scientific Certainty ◽

European Public ◽

Wide Range ◽

Regulatory Controls ◽

Milk Hormones

This book examines the politics of consumer and environmental risk regulation in the United States and Europe over the last five decades, explaining why America and Europe have often regulated a wide range of similar risks differently. It finds that between 1960 and 1990, American health, safety, and environmental regulations were more stringent, risk averse, comprehensive, and innovative than those adopted in Europe. But since around 1990 global regulatory leadership has shifted to Europe. What explains this striking reversal? This book takes an in-depth, comparative look at European and American policies toward a range of consumer and environmental risks, including vehicle air pollution, ozone depletion, climate change, beef and milk hormones, genetically modified agriculture, antibiotics in animal feed, pesticides, cosmetic safety, and hazardous substances in electronic products. The book traces how concerns over such risks—and pressure on political leaders to do something about them—have risen among the European public but declined among Americans. The book explores how policymakers in Europe have grown supportive of more stringent regulations while those in the United States have become sharply polarized along partisan lines. And as European policymakers have grown more willing to regulate risks on precautionary grounds, increasingly skeptical American policymakers have called for higher levels of scientific certainty before imposing additional regulatory controls on business.

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