scholarly journals Nutrients Utilization and Haematological Indices of Sokoto Red Goats Fed Maize Cob Replacing Maize Bran with Cowpea Husk Basal Diet

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Babale DM ◽  
Yahaya MS ◽  
Nyako HD ◽  
Mbahi TF
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Haematological Indices

Performance of Arsi-Bale sheep fed urea treated maize cob as basal diet and supplemented with graded levels of concentrate mixture

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tesfaye Negewo ◽  
Solomon Melaku ◽  
Bimrew Asmare ◽  
Adugna Tolera
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Maize Cob

scholarly journals Determination of digestible energy values and fermentabilities of dietary fibre supplements: a European interlaboratory study in vivo

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Livesey ◽  
T. Smith ◽  
B. O. Eggum ◽  
I. H. Tetens ◽  
M. Nyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Direct Determination ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Digestible Energy ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Heats Of Combustion

The performance of methods to determine energy conversion factors for dietary fibre (DF) supplements and fermentability (D) values of their non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) was investigated. Heats of combustion, digestible energy (DE) and D values were determined on five DF supplements in five European laboratories on five separate occasions. In each instance the DF supplements were fed to juvenile male VVistar rats at two doses, 50 and 100 g/kg basal diet, for 3 weeks with food and faeces collected in the 3rd week. Among-laboratory variations in heats of combustion (DHC<) were <2%. DE values (kJ/g dry weight) at the upper and lower doses respectively were: 10·4 and 9·9 for a high-methoxyl apple pectin, 9·5 and 9·4 for a sugar-beet DF supplement, 12·2 and 12·7 for soyabean DF supplement, 38 and 4·0 for maize bran, and 0·3 and 0·3 for Solka-floc cellulose. Variations among laboratories, among occasions and among animals were <1, <2 and <2·5 kJ/g respectively. The among-occasion: among-laboratory variance ratio for DE was 0·5, suggesting the method performed equally well in all laboratories. There was no evidence of learning or fatigue in the performance of the method. D values were also independent of dose and at the high and lower doses were: pectin 0·92 and 0·95, sugar-beet NSP 0·68 and 0·68, soyabean NSP 0·86 and 0·88, maize bran 0·17 and 0·18, cellulose 0·07 and 0·06. Among-laboratory variance tended to increase with decreasing fermentability and ranged from 0·03 to 0·18. The DE and D data were not significantly different from a previously proposed relationship DE = 0·7 × DHc × D, where DHc is the heat of combustion of the supplement. We conclude that while the among-laboratory variation in the D of difficult-to-ferment NSP is too large for the reliable prediction of energy value the method for the direct determination of DE is both reproducible and repeatable, that DE is independent of dosage of DF supplement up to 100 g/kg diet, and that it is safe to discriminate between energy values with a precision of 3 kJ/g. The conversion of both DE and D to net metabolizable energy for the purpose of food labelling, tables and databases is described.

scholarly journals Effects of the type and level of dietary fibre supplements on nitrogen retention and excretion patterns

1996 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inge Tetens ◽  
G. Livesey ◽  
B. O. Eggum
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Faecal Excretion ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Levels

abstract:The hypothesls was tested that fermentable dietary fibre (DF) sources elevate faecal N excretion at the expense of urinary N without affecting N retention. DF that substantially increase fermentation (pectin, Sugarbeet and soya bran) or are poorly fermented (crystalline cellulose and maize bran) were fed as supplements to a basal DF-free diet a t three dose levels: 0,50 and 100 g supplement/kg basal diet. The diets were fed to juvenile male Wistar rats for 2 weeks before a 7 d period when faeces and urine were collected. Faecal excretion of N was significantly increased, dose-dependently, by all DF supplements and was positively correlated to faecal bulking. Urinary excretion of N was lower at the high doses of the DF supplements but reached significance only with the highly fermentable (0·68) sugarbeet- supplementeddiets. Regression analysis showed that the major part (0·75) of the increase in faecal N excretion due to DF supplementation was balanced by a reduction in urinary excretion; N retention was therefore, at the dose levels used, only affected to a small extent. Only in the maize-bran-supplemented diets were the reductions in N retention significant. The shift in N excretion from urine to faeces can be explained largely by the degree of microbial fermentation in the large intestine caused by the addition of DF supplements and emphasizes the modifying role that certain DF supplements may have on the enterohepatic cycle of N. Possible implications of these findings for patients with liver or renal failure or for conditions when the intake of dietary protein is marginal are discussed.

Pro-oxidant effects of a high α-tocopherol dose on kidney antioxidant biomarkers and histopathological aspects

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 179-190
Author(s):  
Amel Kanane ◽  
Fayrouz Rouaki ◽  
Mohamed Brahim Errahmani ◽  
Abdenour Laraba ◽  
Hayet Mesbah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Oxidant Effect ◽  
Higher Doses

Abstract. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of α-tocopherol supplementation at two doses (600 and 1200 mg × kg–1) on kidney antioxidant status and the histopathological changes in Wistar rats after 12 weeks of exposure at different diets. Forty rats has been divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each, the control group received basal diet with 5 % fresh sunflower oil (FSO), the second group: 5 % oxidized sunflower oil (OSO), the third group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol and the fourth group: 5 % OSO supplemented with 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol. In OSO groups, the results showed highly significant increases of LPO (from 31.3 ± 0.9 to 53.8 ± 1.2 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein, p < 0.0001) with a significant decrease (p < = 0.001) of the antioxidant enzymatic activities (CAT, SOD, GPX, GR and G6PDH), body weight (339 ± 9 to 290 ± 3 g) and α-tocopherol levels (13.6 ± 0.6 to 6.5 ± 0.4 μg/mg protein). In OSO groups with 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, an antioxidant effect was found, reflected by a return of the parameters to values similar to those of the control group. However, higher doses of α-tocopherol (1200 mg × kg–1) induced a depletion of antioxidant status, α-tocopherol levels (6.0 ± 0.3 μg/mg protein, p < 0.001) and a very highly significant rise (p < 0.0001) of LPO content (54.86 ± 0.01 nmol of MDA formed/min/mg protein). The kidney tissues also showed changes in glomerular, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, and formation of novel vessels. So, we can conclude that the oxidative stress is attenuated by a moderate administration of 600 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol, while a pro-oxidant effect occurs at 1200 mg × kg–1 α-tocopherol.

Blood Profiles, Intestinal Morphometric and Ceaca Micro Flora of Broiler Chickens Fed with Urea Molasses Treated Maize Cob

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.A Olayemi ◽  
◽  
O.O Obadare ◽  
G.A Williams ◽  
A. A Alade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Blood Profiles

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P &lt; 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P &lt; 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

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