Subdural and Primary Subarachnoid Hemorrhages: A Case Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacie Barker
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhages

Subdural hemorrhage (SDH) and primary subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are two forms of intracranial bleeding that can be encountered in infants. These events can be life threatening to the infant and devastating to his family. Neonatal nurses need to have an understanding of these unfortunate, yet not uncommon, types of intracranial hemorrhage. This article explains the etiology, the diagnosis, and the treatment of SDH and SAH, concluding with a case study.

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

scholarly journals Intracranial Hemorrhage and Pneumocephaly After Cervical Epidural Injection

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-371
Author(s):  
Nishit Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Neck Pain ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidural Injection ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidural Injections

Cervical epidural injections are commonly used to treat patients with radicular neck pain. The following is a description of a case of subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, and pneumocephaly following cervical epidural injection.

Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Premature Infants

1980 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-153
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage

Four major varieties of intracranial hemorrhage can be recognized in the neonatal period: (1) subdural hemorrhage, (2) primary subarachnoid hemorrhage, (3) intracerebellar hemorrhage, and (4) periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage.1 Subdural hemorrhage, often related to obstetrical trauma, now is an uncommon lesion in most medical centers. Primary subarachnoid hemorrhage, although very common, is rarely of major clinical importance, because of its venous origin and self-limited course. Intracerebellar hemorrhage, commonly observed at postmortem examination of the small premature infant but rarely documented during life, is of uncertain clinical significance. Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common and serious variety of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. The enormous importance of this lesion is linked to the remarkable improvements in recent years in neonatal intensive care and, as a consequence, in survival rates for small premature infants. Because periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is characteristic of the premature infant (particularly the infant less than approximately 32 weeks gestation), the lesion has reached nearly epidemic proportions in modern neonatal intensive care facilities. INCIDENCE The remarkably high incidence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is demonstrated dramatically by studies in which premature infants were subjected to computed tomography (CT) scan routinely within the first week of life (Table 1). Thus, 40% to 45% of all such infants exhibited periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage.2,3

Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder Associated with Trisomy 21

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branda Kruger
Keyword(s):  
Trisomy 21 ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorder ◽  
Neonatal Nurses ◽  
Transient Myeloproliferative Disorder ◽  
Congenital Leukemia ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Dermatologic Manifestations

Transient myeloproliferative disorder (TMD) is a spontaneously resolving condition affecting infants born with trisomy 21 syndrome. Although TMD is rather rare among infants with trisomy 21, its ramifications can become severe enough that neonatal nurses should be aware of the condition, its manifestations, and its management. The spectrum of TMD presentation ranges from subtle blastemia in an otherwise healthy infant to severe, life-threatening expression of the disease. TMD may be a precursor to congenital leukemia—thus, the importance of nurses’ becoming aware of this condition. This article addresses the pathology of TMD, case reports in the literature, potential complications of the disorder, and nursing implications. A case study of an infant with dermatologic manifestations of TMD is presented, including history, differential diagnoses, treatment, and follow-up.

scholarly journals Life-threatening intracranial bleeding associated with the presence of an antifactor VII autoantibody

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Delmer ◽  
MH Horellou ◽  
G Andreu ◽  
T Lecompte ◽  
F Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Disorder ◽  
Iv Immunoglobulin

Abstract This is a report of a 62-year-old male patient who had a bleeding disorder due to the presence of a factor VII (proconvertin) inhibitor. After treatment with a high-dose intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin failed and a life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage occurred, plasma exchanges were performed and immunosuppressive therapy was given. The factor VII inhibitor promptly disappeared, and the patient's parameters of hemostasis became normal. Even though a relapse occurred some months later, the patient responded to immunosuppressive therapy. No underlying disorder was evidenced after 17 months of follow-up.

scholarly journals Clinical and Imaging Characteristics in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Acute Intracranial Hemorrhage

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Nawabi ◽  
Andrea Morotti ◽  
Moritz Wildgruber ◽  
Gregoire Boulouis ◽  
Hermann Kraehling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Multicenter Cohort ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Bleeding Manifestation ◽  
The Brain

Background and Purpose: Intracranial hemorrhage has been observed in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection (COVID-19), but the clinical, imaging, and pathophysiological features of intracranial bleeding during COVID-19 infection remain poorly characterized. This study describes clinical and imaging characteristics of patients with COVID-19 infection who presented with intracranial bleeding in a European multicenter cohort. Methods: This is a multicenter retrospective, observational case series including 18 consecutive patients with COVID-19 infection and intracranial hemorrhage. Data were collected from February to May 2020 at five designated European special care centers for COVID-19. The diagnosis of COVID-19 was based on laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2. Intracranial bleeding was diagnosed on computed tomography (CT) of the brain within one month of the date of COVID-19 diagnosis. The clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic findings, therapy and outcomes in COVID-19 patients presenting with intracranial bleeding were analyzed. Results: Eighteen patients had evidence of acute intracranial bleeding within 11 days (IQR 9–29) of admission. Six patients had parenchymal hemorrhage (33.3%), 11 had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (61.1%), and one patient had subdural hemorrhage (5.6%). Three patients presented with intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) (16.7%). Conclusion: This study represents the largest case series of patients with intracranial hemorrhage diagnosed with COVID-19 based on key European countries with geospatial hotspots of SARS-CoV-2. Isolated SAH along the convexity may be a predominant bleeding manifestation and may occur in a late temporal course of severe COVID-19.

Medical Management of Patients with Subarachnoid or Intracranial Hemorrhage and Increased Intracranial Pressure

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-56
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sweid ◽  
Pascal M. Jabbour ◽  
Sage P. Rahm ◽  
Stavropoula Tjoumakaris ◽  
M. Reid Gooch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Arachnoid Membrane ◽  
Anatomical Localization ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhages ◽  
Epidural Hemorrhage ◽  
Bridging Vein

Intracranial hemorrhage requires an understanding of etiology and prompt management for an improved outcome. Intracranial hemorrhage is classified into four subcategories: epidural hemorrhage, subdural hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and intracerebral or intraparenchymal hemorrhage, according to the anatomical localization of the bleed. If it occurs in the space between the dura and the skull, then this is epidural hemorrhage, which usually traumatic and requires emergent surgical intervention. A subdural hematoma is localized between the dura and the arachnoid membrane. Usually, this entity occurs in elderly patients following trauma or a tear of a cortico-dural bridging vein. Hematoma evacuation in specific indications is the treatment of choice. Both epidural and subdural hematomas have a minimal role for medical intervention; thus this chapter focuses on the other two entities; subarachnoid hemorrhage and intracerebral hemorrhage. Studies have shown that early and specialized multidisciplinary management improves outcomes. This chapter discusses the etiology, presentation, and medical management of both subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhages.

scholarly journals Life-threatening intracranial bleeding associated with the presence of an antifactor VII autoantibody

Blood ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-232
Author(s):  
A Delmer ◽  
MH Horellou ◽  
G Andreu ◽  
T Lecompte ◽  
F Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Male Patient ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Bleeding ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Underlying Disorder ◽  
Iv Immunoglobulin

This is a report of a 62-year-old male patient who had a bleeding disorder due to the presence of a factor VII (proconvertin) inhibitor. After treatment with a high-dose intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin failed and a life-threatening intracranial hemorrhage occurred, plasma exchanges were performed and immunosuppressive therapy was given. The factor VII inhibitor promptly disappeared, and the patient's parameters of hemostasis became normal. Even though a relapse occurred some months later, the patient responded to immunosuppressive therapy. No underlying disorder was evidenced after 17 months of follow-up.

Clinical-neurosonographic parallels of intracranial hemorrhagies in early childhood

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 116-122
Author(s):  
Sh. Sh. Shamansurov ◽  
Sh. H. Saidazizova ◽  
S. O. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhages ◽  
Risk Of Hemorrhage ◽  
Neurological State

Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of clinical and neurosonographic indicators of intracranial hemorrhage in infants.Materials and methods. In the clinical part of the study, 68 patients took part in the acute / acute periods of intracranial hemorrhage, which we took for the study on the basis of the Tashkent City Children's Clinical Hospital No1. Gender ratios of which were 69.1% boys (47 children) and 30.9% girls (21 children), from birth to 2 months of life (average age at the time of hemorrhage is 36.28 ± 9.85 days). Diagnostic examination included neurosonography (NSG) of all children in the first 24 hours of the implementation of intracranial hemorrhages on admission to the clinic.Results. According to our study of 68 children with intracranial hemorrhage, it turned out that the average age of morbidity was 36.28 ± 9.85 days (p < 0.001) Neurosonographic indicators stated the presence of parenchymal hemorrhage (right and left hemisphere), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), hemorrhage into the trunk, IVH (intraventricular hemorrhage) II, IVH III. According to neurosonography, parenchymal hemorrhage (right-16 or left hemisphere-21) was observed in 37 patients, SAH and IVH-II 21 (30.9%) patients, IVH III – in 17 (25%) patients, hemorrhage in 3 (4.4%) brain stem of patientsConclusion. Analysis of the implementation of hemorrhage showed that not always small gestational age is the risk of hemorrhage. Cases of less severe changes (27%) on NSG with a coarser clinical picture and vice versa (15%), necessitate (taking into account the severity of the neurological state), a more detailed examination, including visualization (CT, MRI).

Anti-epileptic Drug (AED) Use in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) and Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (42) ◽  
pp. 6446-6453
Author(s):  
Rui Feng ◽  
Justin Mascitelli ◽  
Alexander G. Chartrain ◽  
Konstantinos Margetis ◽  
J. Mocco
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Anti Epileptic Drug
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