Early Maladaptive Schemas: Relationship With Case Complexity in Mood and Anxiety Disorders

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Hawke ◽  
Martin D. Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Treatment Alternative ◽  
Case Complexity ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Schema theory, developed for chronic, treatment-resistant patients, has been largely applied to personality disorders. However, many patients with other psychiatric disorders, including mood and anxiety disorders, also demonstrate elevated early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). Based on schema theory and clinical observations, individuals with greater case complexity would be expected to demonstrate higher EMS activation. Aim: This study examines EMSs as a function of case complexity in individuals with mood and anxiety disorders. Method: 69 patients consulting for mood or anxiety disorders completed the YSQ-S3 and a thorough intake assessment. The relationship between EMSs and case complexity is explored. Results: Although some EMSs are more strongly activated as a function of comorbidities and degree of functional impairment, the greatest difference is a function of multiaxial case complexity. Conclusion: Complex clinical presentations are associated with EMS activation. Case complexity should be considered when applying schema theory to mood and anxiety disorders. Schema therapy may be a useful treatment alternative particularly for the more complex cases.

Schema Theory and Schema Therapy in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa D. Hawke ◽  
Martin D. Provencher
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Schema Therapy ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Individual

Schema theory was developed for patients with chronic psychological problems who fail to make significant gains in cognitive therapy. Although the theory has been applied most frequently to personality disorders, mood and anxiety disorders may also be a relevant application. This article reviews the literature applying schema theory to mood and anxiety disorders. The literature suggests that people with mood and anxiety disorders present high levels of early maladaptive schemas, some of which would appear to reflect the characteristics of the individual disorders. Preliminary research suggests that schema therapy may be successfully extended to mood and anxiety disorders. Further research is necessary to examine the utility of schema therapy for these clienteles and to identify the individuals who stand to benefit most.

Early Maladaptive Schemas in Patients With Panic Disorder With Agoraphobia

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liv M. Hedley ◽  
Asle Hoffart ◽  
Harold Sexton
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Loss Of Control ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Treatment Start ◽  
Modeling Techniques ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Fear Of Bodily Sensations

The present study explored the relationships among Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), beliefs about loss of control, a fear of bodily sensations, and avoidance in patients undergoing cognitive therapy. Fifty-nine patients (43 women and 16 men) being treated for panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) participated in the study. Two EMS that are seen as being central in PDA [vulnerability to harm (VH) and functional incompetence/dependency (DI)], beliefs about loss of control, a fear of bodily sensations, and avoidance were measured at treatment start and at six months follow-up. The data were analyzed using structural modeling techniques. The VH schema influenced beliefs about loss of control, a fear of bodily sensations, and avoidance. Beliefs about loss of control, in turn, predicted a fear of bodily sensations. DI was predicted by VH and did not influence other aspects of PDA. The results were largely in consort with the theoretical suppositions of schema theory and indicated that the VH schema may contribute to the maintenance of PDA.

scholarly journals Early Maladaptive Schemas in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Anxiety Disorders

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afsaneh Yoosefi ◽  
Sepideh RajeziEsfahani ◽  
Abbas Pourshahbaz ◽  
Behrooz Dolatshahee ◽  
Abbasali Assadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maladaptive Schemas ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Washington State University ◽  
Emotional Deprivation

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Purpose of this study is comparing early maladaptive schemas which are active in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder and anxiety disorders together, considering recent DSM-5 changes through which OCD has been placed in a separate and new diagnostic level.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This research is a causal-comparative study. 151 persons were categorized in three groups of people suffering from OCD (50), suffering from anxiety disorders (50), and control group (51). Early diagnosis of disorders in two clinical groups were verified based on structured clinical interview for DSM )SCID-I) and Yale-Brown obsessive-compulsive scale (Y-BOCS). General health questionnaire (GHQ-28), the short versions of the Young schemas questionnaire (YSQ), and Padua inventory-Washington State University Revision (PI-WSUR) were also implemented.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Findings revealed that<strong> </strong>mean scores of all schemas of those suffering from anxiety disorders, except for Self-Sacrifice, Unrelenting-Standards/Hypercriticalness, Entitlement/Grandiosity schemas, and mean scores of all early maladaptive schemas of those suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder are significantly higher than those of control group. OCD group had significantly higher scores in Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse, and Defectiveness/Shame schemas than anxiety disorders group. Defectiveness/Shame and Vulnerability to Harm or Illness schemas can explain 38 percent of variance of obsessive compulsive symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The dominant and specific early maladaptive schemas of OCD are Defectiveness/Shame, Mistrust/Abuse, and Emotional Deprivation Schemas. This study besides supporting the theory of early maladaptive schemas, suggests that interventions based on specific schemas can be useful methods in treatment of OCD and anxiety disorders.</p>

scholarly journals Mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan: a European perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McDowell ◽  
A. Ryan ◽  
B. P. Bunting ◽  
S. M. O'Neill ◽  
J. Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Mood And Anxiety Disorders ◽  
World Mental Health Survey ◽  
Dsm Iv ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Relationship

BackgroundThe World Mental Health Survey Initiative (WMHSI) has advanced our understanding of mental disorders by providing data suitable for analysis across many countries. However, these data have not yet been fully explored from a cross-national lifespan perspective. In particular, there is a shortage of research on the relationship between mood and anxiety disorders and age across countries. In this study we used multigroup methods to model the distribution of 12-month DSM-IV/CIDI mood and anxiety disorders across the adult lifespan in relation to determinants of mental health in 10 European Union (EU) countries.MethodLogistic regression was used to model the odds of any mood or any anxiety disorder as a function of age, gender, marital status, urbanicity and employment using a multigroup approach (n = 35500). This allowed for the testing of specific lifespan hypotheses across participating countries.ResultsNo simple geographical pattern exists with which to describe the relationship between 12-month prevalence of mood and anxiety disorders and age. Of the adults sampled, very few aged ⩾80 years met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for these disorders. The associations between these disorders and key sociodemographic variables were relatively homogeneous across countries after adjusting for age.ConclusionsFurther research is required to confirm that there are indeed stages in the lifespan where the reported prevalence of mental disorders is low, such as among younger adults in the East and older adults in the West. This project illustrates the difficulties in conducting research among different age groups simultaneously.

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