Factorial Categorization of Depression-Related Constructs in Early Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Adams ◽  
John R. Z. Abela ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Seventh Graders ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
Similar Factor

The current study examined the factorial categorization of 12 depression-related constructs in a sample of seventh graders. For this purpose, different vulnerability factors, as well as depressive symptoms, were assessed, including depressogenic inferential styles about the self, consequences, and causes; dependency; self-criticism; distraction; problem solving; rumination; self-esteem; and social support. Separate exploratory factor analyses by sex revealed that symptoms of depression consistently loaded onto a separate factor from vulnerability constructs. Generally, girls and boys displayed similar factor structures, as indicated by separable factors tapping coping, self-view, and pessimism. Additionally, there were noteworthy sex differences. Girls, but not boys, displayed a pattern suggesting the development of a coping style encompassing social support.

scholarly journals Stress and Psychological Distress in Emerging Adulthood: A Gender Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2859
Author(s):  
M. Pilar Matud ◽  
Amelia Díaz ◽  
Juan Manuel Bethencourt ◽  
Ignacio Ibáñez
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Emerging Adult ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Emotional Coping

Emerging adulthood is a critical period of life that entails many life transitions in living arrangements, relationships, education and employment, which can generate stress and psychological distress in the emerging adult. The aim of the present study was to assess the relevance of stress, coping styles, self-esteem and perceived social support in the distress of emerging adult women and men. The sample consists of 4816 people (50% females) from the Spanish general population, ranging in age from 18 to 29 years old. All participants were assessed through questionnaires and scales that assess psychological distress, stress, coping styles, self-esteem and social support. Women scored higher than men in psychological distress, chronic stress, minor daily hassles, emotional coping style and social support, whereas men scored higher than women in rational and detachment coping styles and in self-esteem. Psychological distress was significantly predicted in women and men by high emotional coping style, lower self-esteem, high number of life events, and less social support. Another statistically significant predictor in men was less detachment coping style, whereas in women it was high chronic stress. The results of this research are relevant to healthcare professionals interested in improving the mental health of the emerging adult.

Factor Structure of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale for an Institutionalized, Disabled Population

1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 575-582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Boyle ◽  
Paul C. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Internal Dimension ◽  
Disabled Veterans ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
External Dimension ◽  
Data Yield ◽  
Scale Data ◽  
Tennessee Self Concept Scale

Separate factor analyses of responses to the Tennessee Self-concept Scale using item and scale data are reported for a sample of 255 disabled veterans. A global self-satisfaction factor and several subsidiary factors roughly approximate the external dimension of the scale. The internal dimension interacts with the external one in defining several factors but does not emerge as an independent dimension. Scale data yield a self-esteem factor incorporating both external and internal scales and a self-concept conflict-integration factor. The evidence supports the external dimension more than the internal dimension. The findings are consistent with previous studies that have not validated the two-dimensional design of the scale.

A Factorial Investigation of the Dimensions of Social Support

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Brian Pretorius ◽  
M. Diedricks
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Latent Variable ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
African Students ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
The University ◽  
Latent Variable Methods

This study represents a factor analytic investigation of the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) and the Social Support Questionnaire (SSQ) when used with South African students. Respondents ( N = 242) were undergraduate students at the University of the Western Cape. The obtained internal-consistency estimates of reliability for the ISSB and the SSQ (alphas above 0,90) compared favourably with previously reported reliabilities for these scales. Exploratory factor analyses of the ISSB yielded three factors similar to previously reported factor structures of the scale, while in the case of the SSQ it appears as if one factor is sufficient to represent the factorial structure of the scale. Confirmatory factor analyses, using latent variable methods confirmed the distinctiveness of the instruments and indicated that two interrelated factors accounted for the variation in the subscales of the ISSB and the SSQ.

scholarly journals Nicotine Dependence in Dual Users of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Common and Distinct Elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C Rest ◽  
Robin J Mermelstein ◽  
Donald Hedeker
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Bifactor Modeling ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction In a sample of dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), we evaluated psychometric properties of ENDS versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Using the NDSS, we tested the hypothesis that there would be one common underlying factor of dependence across the cigarette and ENDS scales and other product-specific factors. Aims and Methods Adult dual users (N = 404) completed baseline cigarette and ENDS versions of the NDSS, WISDM, and FTND, and biweekly surveys of their smoking and vaping. Analyses included bifactor modeling, which helps to identify both a general and product-specific factor for each item, and exploratory factor analyses of the combined cigarette and ENDS NDSS items and examinations of concurrent and predictive validity. Results The bifactor model was not a good fit, suggesting the lack of one common underlying dependence factor. Factor analyses revealed separate, similar factors for both products, with only one factor (priority) showing overlap of cigarette and ENDS items. ENDS scales significantly predicted ENDS use over time, but not cigarette use. Cigarette scales did not predict ENDS use over time. Conclusions Although the cigarette and ENDS NDSS versions showed similar factor structure, there was not a primary common underlying factor reflecting drive or tolerance, but rather product-specific factors. The cigarette scales were not valid for predicting ENDS use. These results highlight the importance of separately assessing dependence for cigarettes and ENDS in dual users. Implications Although underlying dimensions of nicotine dependence may be similar for ENDS and cigarettes, separate, product-specific measures may be needed to understand differences in product-specific dependency and predict changes in use of each product over time.

scholarly journals Friendship Quality in Youth Disability Sport: Perceptions of a Best Friend

2002 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Martin ◽  
Kerry Smith
Keyword(s):  
Friendship Quality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Disability Sport ◽  
Best Friend ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Athletes With Disabilities

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine friendship quality with a best friend in youth disability sport with an international sample of moderately experienced athletes with disabilities ages 9 to 18 years. Participants were 85 males and 65 females from four countries who competed in track and field and swimming. Data were collected with the Sport Friendship Quality Scale (Weiss & Smith, 1999). An exploratory factor analyses indicated that participants viewed their friendship quality with a best friend in disability sport as having both positive and negative dimensions. The latter focused exclusively on conflict experiences. Females reported stronger perceptions of the benefits of their friendships than males did; whereas no gender differences occurred in perceptions of the negative aspects to friendships. Item analyses indicated that females scored higher than males on questions reflecting loyalty, providing intimacy, self-esteem, supportiveness, having things in common, and playing together.

ABC Relaxation Theory and the Factor Structure of Relaxation States, Recalled Relaxation Activities, Dispositions, and Motivations

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Smith ◽  
Amy B. Wedell ◽  
Camille J. Kolotylo ◽  
Jacquie E. Lewis ◽  
Kristie Y. Byers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Relaxation Theory ◽  
Relaxation Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
Affect Factor

ABC Relaxation Theory proposes 15 psychological relaxation-related states (R-States): Sleepiness, Disengagement, Physical Relaxation, Mental Quiet, Rested/Refreshed, At Ease/At Peace, Energized, Aware, Joy, Thankfulness and Love, Prayerfulness, Childlike Innocence, Awe and Wonder, Mystery, and Timeless/Boundless/Infinite. The present study summarizes the results of 13 separate factor analyses of immediate relaxation-related states, states associated with recalled relaxation activities, relaxation dispositions, and relaxation motivations on a combined sample of 1,904 individuals (group average ages ranged from 28–40 yr.). Four exploratory factor analyses of Smith Relaxation Inventories yielded 15 items that most consistently and exclusively load (generally at least .70) on six replicated factors. These items included happy, joyful, energized, rested, at peace, warm, limp, silent, quiet, dozing, drowsy, prayerful, mystery, distant, and indifferent. Subsequent factor analyses restricted to these items and specifying six factors were performed on 13 different data sets. Each yielded the same six-factor solution: Factor 1: Centered Positive Affect, Factor 2: Sleepiness, Factor 3: Disengagement, Factor 4: Physical Relaxation, Factor 5: Mental Quiet, and Factor 6: Spiritual. Implications for ABC Relaxation Theory are discussed.

Linking Childhood Maltreatment and Psychological Symptoms: The Role of Social Support, Coping Styles, and Self-Esteem in Adolescents

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052091857
Author(s):  
Shanshan Wang ◽  
Huiqiong Xu ◽  
Shichen Zhang ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Danlin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Childhood Maltreatment ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Positive Coping ◽  
Negative Coping ◽  
The Relationship

Psychological symptoms are common among adolescents in China, which are associated with various negative consequences. There has been a pressing need for additional research of factors responsible for the occurrence of psychological symptoms during this developmental period, among which childhood maltreatment, personal coping style, one’s levels of social support, and self-esteem deserve our attention. The association between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms is evident; however, the possible mediating effect of the other three factors mentioned above remains unclear. Hence, the current study aims to investigate the possible mediating roles of social support, coping style, and self-esteem in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and the development of psychological symptoms among adolescents. An adolescent-based health survey was conducted between 2013 and 2014 in 15 schools in China. A total of 9,704 students (aged 11–19 years) were enrolled and measures on childhood maltreatment, social support, coping styles, self-esteem, and psychological symptoms were completed. It was found that childhood maltreatment was positively correlated with psychological symptoms and negative coping styles, and negatively correlated with social support, positive coping styles, and self-esteem ( p < .001). Social support, coping styles, and self-esteem mediated the relationship between childhood maltreatment and psychological symptoms. The estimated effect of childhood maltreatment on the occurrence of psychological symptoms could be explained by the mediation of social support, positive coping styles, negative coping styles, and self-esteem, whose ratio of roles came to 13.8%, 7.5%, 20.9%, and 10.3%, respectively. These findings indicate a need to promote social support, self-esteem, and positive coping styles, and decrease the level of negative coping styles, to markedly reduce the impact of psychological symptoms of childhood maltreatment among adolescents.

ABC Relaxation Theory and the Factor Structure of Relaxation States, Recalled Relaxation Activities, Dispositions, and Motivations

2000 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_part_2) ◽  
pp. 1201-1208
Author(s):  
Jonathan C. Smith ◽  
Amy B. Wedell ◽  
Camille J. Kolotylo ◽  
Jacquie E. Lewis ◽  
Kristie Y. Byers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Relaxation Theory ◽  
Relaxation Factor ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
Affect Factor

ABC Relaxation Theory proposes 15 psychological relaxation-related states (R-States): Sleepiness, Disengagement, Physical Relaxation, Mental Quiet, Rested/Refreshed, At Ease/At Peace, Energized, Aware, Joy, Thankfulness and Love, Prayerfulness, Childlike Innocence, Awe and Wonder, Mystery, and Timeless/Bound-less/Infinite. The present study summarizes the results of 13 separate factor analyses of immediate relaxation-related states, states associated with recalled relaxation activities, relaxation dispositions, and relaxation motivations on a combined sample of 1,904 individuals (group average ages ranged from 28–40 yr.). Four exploratory factor analyses of Smith Relaxation Inventories yielded 15 items that most consistently and exclusively load (generally at least .70) on six replicated factors’. These items included happy, joyful, energized, rested, at peace, warm, limp, silent, quiet, dozing, drowsy, prayerful, mystery, distant, and indifferent. Subsequent factor analyses restricted to these items and specifying six factors were performed on 13 different data sets. Each yielded the same six-factor solution: Factor 1: Centered Positive Affect, Factor 2: Sleepiness, Factor 3: Disengagement, Factor 4: Physical Relaxation, Factor 5: Mental Quiet, and Factor 6: Spiritual. Implications for ABC Relaxation Theory are discussed.

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