scholarly journals Nicotine Dependence in Dual Users of Cigarettes and E-Cigarettes: Common and Distinct Elements

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva C Rest ◽  
Robin J Mermelstein ◽  
Donald Hedeker
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Similar Factor ◽  
Bifactor Modeling ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction In a sample of dual users of cigarettes and electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS; e-cigarettes), we evaluated psychometric properties of ENDS versions of the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), the brief Wisconsin Inventory of Smoking Dependence Motives (WISDM), and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Using the NDSS, we tested the hypothesis that there would be one common underlying factor of dependence across the cigarette and ENDS scales and other product-specific factors. Aims and Methods Adult dual users (N = 404) completed baseline cigarette and ENDS versions of the NDSS, WISDM, and FTND, and biweekly surveys of their smoking and vaping. Analyses included bifactor modeling, which helps to identify both a general and product-specific factor for each item, and exploratory factor analyses of the combined cigarette and ENDS NDSS items and examinations of concurrent and predictive validity. Results The bifactor model was not a good fit, suggesting the lack of one common underlying dependence factor. Factor analyses revealed separate, similar factors for both products, with only one factor (priority) showing overlap of cigarette and ENDS items. ENDS scales significantly predicted ENDS use over time, but not cigarette use. Cigarette scales did not predict ENDS use over time. Conclusions Although the cigarette and ENDS NDSS versions showed similar factor structure, there was not a primary common underlying factor reflecting drive or tolerance, but rather product-specific factors. The cigarette scales were not valid for predicting ENDS use. These results highlight the importance of separately assessing dependence for cigarettes and ENDS in dual users. Implications Although underlying dimensions of nicotine dependence may be similar for ENDS and cigarettes, separate, product-specific measures may be needed to understand differences in product-specific dependency and predict changes in use of each product over time.

Comparing Hierarchical Models of Personality Pathology

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whitney R. Ringwald ◽  
Aidan G.C. Wright ◽  
Joseph E. Beeney ◽  
Paul A. Pilkonis
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Models ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Personality Pathology ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Conceptual Structures ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Specific Factors

Two dimensional, hierarchical classification models of personality pathology have emerged as alternatives to traditional categorical systems: multi-tiered models with increasing numbers of factors and models that distinguish between a general factor of severity and specific factors reflecting style. Using a large sample (N=840) with a range of psychopathology, we conducted exploratory factor analyses of individual personality disorder criteria to evaluate the validity of these conceptual structures. We estimated an oblique, “unfolding” hierarchy and a bifactor model, then examined correlations between these and multi-method functioning measures to enrich interpretation. Four-factor solutions for each model, reflecting rotations of each other, fit well and equivalently. The resulting structures are consistent with previous empirical work and provide support for each theoretical model.

Factorial Categorization of Depression-Related Constructs in Early Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Adams ◽  
John R. Z. Abela ◽  
Benjamin L. Hankin
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Style ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Seventh Graders ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
Similar Factor

The current study examined the factorial categorization of 12 depression-related constructs in a sample of seventh graders. For this purpose, different vulnerability factors, as well as depressive symptoms, were assessed, including depressogenic inferential styles about the self, consequences, and causes; dependency; self-criticism; distraction; problem solving; rumination; self-esteem; and social support. Separate exploratory factor analyses by sex revealed that symptoms of depression consistently loaded onto a separate factor from vulnerability constructs. Generally, girls and boys displayed similar factor structures, as indicated by separable factors tapping coping, self-view, and pessimism. Additionally, there were noteworthy sex differences. Girls, but not boys, displayed a pattern suggesting the development of a coping style encompassing social support.

scholarly journals Factor structure of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices

Psico-USF ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monalisa Muniz ◽  
Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes ◽  
Sonia Regina Pasian
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Specific Factor ◽  
General Factor ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Three Factor

Abstract This study's objective was to verify the factor structure of Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM). The database used included the responses of 1,279 children, 50.2% of which were males with an average age of 8.48 years old and a standard deviation of 1.49 yrs. Confirmatory factor analyses were run to test seven models based on CPM theory and on a Brazilian study addressing the test's structure. The results did not confirm the CPM theoretical proposition concerning the scales but indicated that the test can be interpreted by one general factor and one specific factor or one general factor and three specific factors; both are bi-dimensional models. The three-factor model is, however, more interpretable, suggesting that the factors can be used as a means of screening children's cognitive developmental stage.

Identification and Utility of a Short Form of the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth Self-Report (PSC-17-Y)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Paul Bergmann ◽  
Cara Lucke ◽  
Theresa Nguyen ◽  
Michael Jellinek ◽  
John Michael Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Parent Report ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Youth Self Report ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Pediatric Symptom Checklist ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses

Abstract. The Pediatric Symptom Checklist-Youth self-report (PSC-Y) is a 35-item measure of adolescent psychosocial functioning that uses the same items as the original parent report version of the PSC. Since a briefer (17-item) version of the parent PSC has been validated, this paper explored whether a subset of items could be used to create a brief form of the PSC-Y. Data were collected on more than 19,000 youth who completed the PSC-Y online as a self-screen offered by Mental Health America. Exploratory factor analyses (EFAs) were first conducted to identify and evaluate candidate solutions and their factor structures. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were then conducted to determine how well the data fit the candidate models. Tests of measurement invariance across gender were conducted on the selected solution. The EFAs and CFAs suggested that a three-factor short form with 17 items is a viable and most parsimonious solution and met criteria for scalar invariance across gender. Since the 17 items used on the parent PSC short form were close to the best fit found for any subsets of items on the PSC-Y, the same items used on the parent PSC-17 are recommended for the PSC-Y short form.

Development of a model describing individuated adult child–parent relationships

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 381-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heike M. Buhl
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Mothers And Fathers ◽  
Parent Relationships ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mother Child Relationships ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Age Related Changes

This study investigates age-related changes and dyadic-specific differences in adult child–parent relationships. Using an individuation framework, two German samples of 224 and 105 participants aged between 21 and 47 years were administered the Network of Relationships Inventory, the Emotional Autonomy Scale and the Authority Reciprocity Questionnaire. Factor analyses resulted in a measurement model valid for adult children, their mothers and fathers. The model includes connectedness (with emotional and cognitive aspects) as well as individuality (assessed as power symmetry). Connectedness decreased with age. Symmetry in father–child relationships increased over time, while mother–child relationships were perceived to be symmetrical by early adulthood. Child–mother relationships were more connected than child–father relationships. Sons described themselves as more powerful than did daughters.

scholarly journals Determinants of progression of nicotine dependence symptoms in adolescent waterpipe smokers

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raed Bahelah ◽  
Kenneth D Ward ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Joseph R DiFranza ◽  
Thomas Eissenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
School Performance ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Waterpipe Smoking ◽  
Waterpipe Cafés ◽  
Over Time

IntroductionWaterpipe smoking continues to pose significant challenges to tobacco control efforts and many adolescent waterpipe smokers experience symptoms of nicotine dependence (ND). This study examined the predictors of progression of ND symptoms in adolescent waterpipe smokers.MethodsWe assembled a cohort of Lebanese adolescents enrolled in eighth and ninth grades at baseline, and surveyed them every 6 months over the next 24 months. Progression of ND symptoms was defined as an increase over time in the number of items endorsed on the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist. Predictors included individual (eg, psychological factors, attitudes towards waterpipe, school performance, physical activity) and socioenvironmental (eg, smoking among parents, siblings and close friends; the café environment) attributes.ResultsAmong 264 adolescent waterpipe smokers (baseline mean age=14.6 years, 50.4% females), 105 (39.7%) progressed on ND symptoms during follow-up. Predictors of progression were higher baseline stress (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.19) and higher self-esteem (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24). Reporting difficulty refraining from smoking waterpipe while in a restaurant was the strongest predictor of progression (OR 4.04, 95% CI 1.44 to 11.34). Having a mother with ≥12 years of education protected against progression of ND (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.21 to 0.99).ConclusionsA significant proportion of adolescent waterpipe smokers progressed on ND. Venue-based policies such as limiting youth access to waterpipe cafés are warranted.

scholarly journals Assessing the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A): Specific and General Insights from an Ethiopian Context

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eshetu Andarge ◽  
Robert Trevethan ◽  
Teshale Fikadu
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Physical Activity Questionnaire ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Activity Questionnaire

The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents (PAQ–A) has been used in a variety of forms and in a range of countries. This study involves a detailed examination of the PAQ–A to determine its applicability and effectiveness in an Ethiopian setting. We administered the scale to 110 Ethiopian adolescents on two occasions, 5 weeks apart. Data were inspected for features typical of the participants and analyzed to identify interitem correlations, the scale’s factor structure, and a range of descriptive statistics concerning composite scores. Most of the scale’s items were satisfactorily interrelated according to lenient criteria, and most items loaded on a single factor in exploratory factor analyses. However, a number of the scale’s properties were deficient according to stringent or conventionally accepted psychometric criteria. Close inspection of participants’ responses highlighted problems in the way the scale is worded, interpreted by participants, and scored. Although the scale does not capture PA as an homogeneous construct, we argue that this is not a problem and neither is its poor test–retest reliability. We make recommendations concerning presentation and scoring of the PAQ–A that are likely to enhance its validity beyond Ethiopia, and we provide a modified version of the scale.

Preoccupied but not dismissing attachment states of mind are associated with nonsuicidal self-injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Martin ◽  
Jean-François Bureau ◽  
Marie-France Lafontaine ◽  
Paula Cloutier ◽  
Celia Hsiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Regulatory Strategy ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analyses ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
Age And Sex ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

AbstractIn this investigation the factor structure of the Adult Attachment Interview was studied in a partially at-risk sample of 120 young adults. More specifically, 60 participants had engaged in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI; 53 females, M age = 20.38 years), and 60 were non-self-injuring controls matched by age and sex. Theoretically anticipated differential associations between preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind and NSSI were then examined. Exploratory factor analyses identified evidence for two weakly correlated state of mind dimensions (i.e., dismissing and preoccupied) consistently identified in factor analyses of normative-risk samples. As hypothesized, results further showed that preoccupied (but not dismissing) states of mind were associated with NSSI behavior. Findings support existing arguments suggesting that the regulatory strategy adults adopt when discussing attachment-related experiences with primary caregivers, particularly passive, angry, or unresolved discourse patterns, is uniquely correlated with NSSI.

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