Potential Adverse Health Outcomes of Digital Textbook Use: Teachers’ Perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
GyeongAe Seomun ◽  
Youngjin Lee
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Digital Textbook ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background and Purpose:The digital textbook (DT) is an appealing new educational medium. The positive effects of DT use include stimulation of interest in learning and stimulation of motivation to learn. Few studies have examined the awareness of classroom-based educational experts about the adverse health outcomes of DT use. The objective of this study was to understand the perspectives of elementary schoolteachers regarding the effects of DT use on students’ health.Methods:The recommended method of focus group discussions was used to clarify teachers’ individual and shared views about this topic. The study design included three discussions with three different groups of teachers.Results:The results indicated that the critical health issues identified by the schoolteachers were potential risks to physical health, risks to psychological health, and environmental health risks in the classroom.Implications for Practice:Awareness and evaluation of adverse health effects for DT users is an important first step for effective DT implementation in our schools. This study provided fundamental data and results that can be used to understand the effects of DT use on student health and to suggest guidelines to predict and prevent adverse health effects in the users of this technology.

The economic cost of adverse health effects from wildfire-smoke exposure: a review

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuho Kochi ◽  
Geoffrey H. Donovan ◽  
Patricia A. Champ ◽  
John B. Loomis
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Smoke Exposure ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Wildfire Smoke ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

The economic costs of adverse health effects associated with exposure to wildfire smoke should be given serious consideration in determining the optimal wildfire management policy. Unfortunately, the literature in this research area is thin. In an effort to better understand the nature of these economic costs, we review and synthesise the relevant literature in three areas: studies that estimated the health-related economic costs of wildfire-smoke exposure; epidemiology studies related to the health risk of wildfire smoke; and general economic studies that estimated the monetary value of preventing the specific adverse health outcomes. Based on the findings from this literature review, we identify the need for a better understanding of the effect of wildfire smoke on major and minor adverse health outcomes. It would also be useful to know more about averting behaviours among residents exposed to smoke during a wildfire event. Finally, we suggest investigating the unique health effects of wildfire smoke compared with conventional air pollution to determine whether it is appropriate to extrapolate from previously estimated conventional pollution dose–response functions.

scholarly journals Hygienic assessment of health risks of the population living in the areas of intensive oil extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Rafail Anvarovich Suleimanov ◽  
Akhat Barievich Bakirov ◽  
Galina Ganinovna Gimranova ◽  
Timur Kamilevich Valeev
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Occupational Risks ◽  
Oil Workers

The purpose of the study was to establish hygienic procedures for reducing health risks of the population living and working near oil extraction sites. Based on the results obtained, we evaluated the quality of environmental settings in the oil extraction areas, studied working conditions of oil workers, and assessed public human health and occupational risks of the oil extraction industry. Oil extraction enterprises have been shown to be major sources of environmental and workplace pollution and to create a negative background causing adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Health Risks Associated With Benzene Exposure in Children: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 2333794X1878927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. D’Andrea ◽  
G. Kesava Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Benzene Exposure ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Pulmonary Functions ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Pediatric Populations

Currently, there is a paucity of studies evaluating the adverse health effects of benzene exposure in children or clinical findings of those children who have been exposed. However, emerging studies show that benzene exposure can cause deleterious health effects in children. The objective of this study was to evaluate and summarize published studies on the adverse health effects of benzene exposure in children. More than 77 articles were examined and only the articles that dealt with adverse health effects on pediatric populations were included in the study. The evaluation of those studies provided current understanding of the health effects of benzene exposure in children. Findings from the currently available studies reveal that benzene exposure is associated with abnormalities in hematologic, hepatic, respiratory, and pulmonary functions in children. Published studies clearly support the need for further assessment of the potential adverse effects of benzene exposure in children, and clinical and laboratory findings of these children.

Do Odors at a Waste Management Facility Indicate a Risk to Health?

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen G. Zemba
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Waste To Energy ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health

Odor control is a frequent issue at facilities that process municipal solid waste. Even waste-to-energy facilities, which are typically operated under “negative pressure,” may be less than 100% effective at preventing the occasional release of odorous emissions. When odors travel off-property to nearby residents and businesses, the tangible exposure often elicits concerns about the specific chemicals responsible for the odor and the potential for the emissions to affect public health. However, because the gaseous compounds that may lead to objectionable off-site odors are generally different than those that might result in adverse health effects, conditions of odor and risk are not as closely linked as is sometimes assumed. While odors can be assessed through personal observations, the assessment of risk requires detailed knowledge of the composition of the emitted gases. The gas produced from the aerobic decay of municipal solid waste contains a different mix of chemicals that are not as well characterized than gas produced from the anaerobic decay of waste in a landfill (which has been analyzed by the U.S. EPA and others). Air samples were recently collected from the tipping floor of a waste-to-energy facility, analyzed for chemical composition, and evaluated for their potential to lead to off-site health risks. The composition of the gas was found to be similar to published data from other MSW handling facilities, and includes both basic hydrocarbons and some EPA-designated Hazardous Air Pollutants. Thirty-two different volatile organic compounds were detected. Ethanol was found to be the most prevalent compound, almost two orders of magnitude greater in concentration than other chemicals. Additional compounds identified in the gas samples include (in order of abundance) methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, sec-butanol, isopentane, acetaldehyde, butane, isopropyl alcohol, limonene, and 1-propanol. A case-specific atmospheric dispersion of the gases was modeled to predict off-site concentrations much smaller than levels known to cause adverse health effects. Based on odor characteristics of the gas, generically extrapolating the study to other settings suggests that short-term odorous conditions due to MSW management facilities (waste-to-energy facilities, transfer stations, etc.) do not typically correspond to significant long-term health risks.

scholarly journals Ambient PM2.5 Human Health Effects—Findings in China and Research Directions

Atmosphere ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Miller ◽  
Xiaohong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
World Health ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Respiratory Mortality ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) results in adverse health outcomes. Although this is a global concern, residents of China may be particularly vulnerable due to frequent severe air pollution episodes associated with economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization. Until 2012, PM2.5 was not regulated and monitored in China and annual average concentrations far exceeded the World Health Organizations guidelines of 10 μg/m3. Since the establishment of PM2.5 Ambient Air Quality Criteria in 2012, concentrations have decreased, but still pose significant health risks. A review of ambient PM2.5 health effect studies is warranted to evaluate the current state of knowledge and to prioritize future research efforts. Our review found that recent literature has confirmed associations between PM2.5 exposure and total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, respiratory mortality, hypertension, lung cancer, influenza and other adverse health outcomes. Future studies should take a long-term approach to verify associations between exposure to PM2.5 and health effects. In order to obtain adequate exposure assessment at finer spatial resolutions, high density sampling, satellite remote sensing, or models should be employed. Personal monitoring should also be conducted to validate the use of outdoor concentrations as proxies for exposure. More research efforts should be devoted to seasonal patterns, sub-population susceptibility, and the mechanism by which exposure causes health effects. Submicron and ultrafine PM should also be monitored and regulated.

The National Exposure Registry: Analyses of Health Outcomes From the Benzene Subregistry

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanne R. Burg ◽  
Ginger L. Gist
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Speech Impairment ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
South Central ◽  
Data Collections

The purpose of the National Exposure Registry is to assess the long-term health consequences to a general population from long-term, low-level exposures to specific substances in the environment. This study investigates the health outcomes of 1, 143 persons (1,127 living, 16 deceased) living in south central Texas who had documented environmental exposure to benzene (up to 66ppb) in tap water. As with all subregistries, face-to-face interviews were used to collect self-reported information for 25 general health status questions. Using computer-assisted telephone interviewing, the same health questions were asked I year (Followup 1, F1) and 2 years later (Followup 2, F2). The health outcome rates for Baseline and Followup I and 2 data collections for the Benzene Subregistry were compared with national norms, that is, the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) rates. For at least one of the three reporting periods, specific age and sex groups of the Benzene Subregistry population reported more adverse health outcomes when compared with the NHIS population, including anemia and other blood disorders, ulcers, gall bladder trouble, and stomach or intestinal problems, stroke, urinary tract disorders, skin rashes, diabetes, kidney disease, and respiratory allergies. Statistically significant deficitsfor the Benzene Subregistry population overall were found for asthma, emphysema, or chronic bronchitis; arthritis, rheumatism, or other joint disorders; hearing impairment; and speech impairment. No statistically significant differences between the two populations were seen for the outcomes hypertension; liver disease; mental retardation; or cancer. These results do not identify a causal relationship between benzene exposure and adverse health effects; however, they do reinforce the need for continued followup of registrants.

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