scholarly journals Technology-Based Newborn Health Learning Initiatives for Facility-Based Nurses and Midwives in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-268
Author(s):  
Nancy E. Bolan ◽  
Susan D. Newman ◽  
Lynne S. Nemeth
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Simulation Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Newborn Care ◽  
Newborn Health ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Nurses And Midwives ◽  
Low And Middle Income

PURPOSEGiven high neonatal mortality in many low- and middle-income countries, addressing missed opportunities by enhancing the quality of newborn care provided by facility-based nurses and midwives is critical. This scoping review synthesizes and critiques the literature on technology-based newborn health learning initiatives. Kirkpatrick's model is used for training program evaluation.METHODSA literature review was conducted from multiple databases. Articles selected for analysis consisted of original research studies published in peer-reviewed journals from 2012 to 2017.RESULTSTwelve studies fell into two categories: (a) Simulation training in routine neonatal care and newborn resuscitation (n = 9) and (b) eLearning initiatives (n = 3). Most studies evaluated health provider's knowledge and skills before and/or after training (n = 9); fewer evaluated the effect on change in provider practice (n = 3) and/or patient health outcomes (n = 5) (Kirkpatrick levels 3–4). Few studies utilized robust study designs and validated measurement instruments.CONCLUSIONLearning approaches emphasizing simulation training and eLearning initiatives for facility-based health workers hold promise. However, existing simulation literature demonstrates that translation of knowledge gained during simulation into improved clinical outcomes in real births is variable. Additionally, the volume of peer-reviewed evidence demonstrating the potential benefit of eLearning strategies, especially in the neonatal period, is limited.

Abstract P681: Implementation of Stroke Prevention Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Ryan ◽  
Vida Rebello ◽  
Desiree Gutierrez ◽  
Kameko Washburn ◽  
Alvaro Zevallos Barboza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Implementation Outcomes ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background: Stroke is the second leading cause of death globally and an increasing concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) where, due to limited capacity to treat stroke, preventative efforts are critically important. Although some research on evidence-based interventions for stroke prevention in LMIC exists, there remains a significant gap in understanding of their implementation across various contexts in LMIC. Objectives: In this scoping review, our objective was to identify and synthesize the implementation outcomes (using Proctor et al.’s taxonomy, 2011) for stroke prevention interventions, as well as to describe the diverse interventions employed. Methods: Eligible studies were empirical, focused on implementation of stroke prevention programs or policies, and occurred in at least one LMIC. Five databases were searched, including PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for selection and charted data; discrepancies were resolved through discussion with a third reviewer until consensus was reached. Narrative synthesis was used to analyze and interpret the findings. Results: Studies were predominantly focused in Asia, targeting primary or secondary prevention, and facility-based. Interventions were conducted at the level of individual (n=11), system (n=12), or both (n=4). Various implementation outcomes were reported, most commonly cost (n=10), acceptability (n=7), fidelity (n=7), and feasibility (n=6), but also adoption (n=4), penetration (n=3), appropriateness (n=1), and sustainability (n=1). Conclusions: Findings highlight the breadth of evidence-based interventions for stroke prevention available to implement in LMIC settings, including culturally acceptable education interventions, cost-effective medications, and community-based interventions implemented by community health workers. Implementation outcomes remain under-reported, and more rigorous research is needed to better plan and evaluate the implementation of these interventions to prevent stroke.

Components of compulsory service program for health professionals in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61
Author(s):  
CT Antonio ◽  
JP Guevarra ◽  
PN Medina ◽  
MD Avelino ◽  
AG Agbon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Active Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Service Program ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Aims:The global health landscape has been characterized by shortfalls and imbalances in human resources for health (HRH), with more health workers concentrated in urban than rural areas. To address this maldistribution, some countries resorted to the implementation of a compulsory service policy for HRH. However, there is no comprehensive documentation describing the different components of such policies. This scoping review aims to determine the components for compulsory service for selected health professionals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).Methods:A search was conducted in MEDLINE, PLoS, Scopus, and ProQuest Central, using keywords for ‘compulsory service’, ‘return service’, ‘mandatory service’, ‘physician’, ‘dentist’, ‘nurse’, ‘midwife’, ‘physical therapist’, ‘occupational therapist’, and identified LMICs. A total of 6757 records were retrieved and assessed, from which 41 relevant records were included in the study.Results and conclusions:Common elements of a compulsory service program are the following: a comprehensive master plan, clearly articulated program goals, appropriate education and training, transparent recruitment and placement, strong institutional and system support, competitive benefits and incentives, and active management of exit from the program. Results presented in this article can serve to inform LMICs on policy, guide program development and management, and direct future research in the area of HRH to address challenges in maldistribution.

Abstract P723: Adaptation of Stroke Prevention Interventions for Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessa Ryan ◽  
Kameko Washburn ◽  
Vida Rebello ◽  
Desiree Gutierrez ◽  
Hector Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Stroke Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Risk Factor Modification ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Prevention Interventions ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Introduction: Stroke is a leading cause of mortality globally, with 85% of stroke death occurring in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Translation of evidence-based stroke prevention interventions from their original setting to the novel context in which they will be implemented is often unreported; especially in LMICs where it has been severely understudied. Thus, our objective was to investigate how adaptation has been examined within research on stroke prevention interventions in LMICs through a scoping review of the available literature in order to highlight benefits and best-practices, identify gaps, and develop a greater understanding of these efforts that will ultimately support attempts to address the global burden of stroke. Methods: This review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Five databases were searched (PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Web of Science), for eligible studies using a search strategy developed in consultation with a research librarian. Two reviewers independently assessed the retrieved articles for selection based on the inclusion criteria (peer-reviewed empirical papers or protocols, reported on adaptation of stroke prevention interventions, and occurred in at least one LMIC) through a two phase process consisting of (1) title and abstract screening and (2) full-text screening. Discrepancies were resolved through discussion until consensus was reached. Data were charted and a narrative synthesis, guided by the FRAME framework, was used to analyze and interpret the findings. Results: Of 380 articles retrieved, a total of six articles reporting adaptation of primary (n=4) or secondary (n=2) stroke prevention interventions in LMICs were identified. Types of interventions included use of community health workers (n = 2), use of mHealth tools (n=2), and interventions aimed at risk factor modification (n = 2). Adaptations were proactively planned, with multiple adaptation goals reported. Conclusions: This is the first review of its kind to focus on adaptation of evidence-based stroke prevention interventions in LMICs. Through our systematic investigation, we highlight the need for additional research to assess the processes and outcomes of stroke prevention interventions.

scholarly journals The distinctive roles of urban community health workers in low- and middle-income countries: a scoping review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 1039-1052
Author(s):  
Teralynn Ludwick ◽  
Alison Morgan ◽  
Sumit Kane ◽  
Margaret Kelaher ◽  
Barbara McPake
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Abstract Addressing urban health challenges in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) has been hampered by lack of evidence on effective mechanisms for delivering health services to the poor. The urban disadvantaged experience poor health outcomes (often worse than rural counterparts) and face service barriers. While community health workers (CHWs) have been extensively employed in rural communities to address inequities, little attention has been given to understanding the roles of CHWs in urban contexts. This study is the first to systematically examine urban CHW roles in LMICs. It aims to understand their roles vis-à-vis other health providers and raise considerations for informing future scope of practice and service delivery models. We developed a framework that presents seven key roles performed by urban CHWs and position these roles against a continuum of technical to political functions. Our scoping review included publications from four databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Social Sciences Citation Index) and two CHW resource hubs. We included all peer-reviewed, CHW studies situated in urban/peri-urban, LMIC contexts. We identify roles (un)commonly performed by urban CHWs, present the range of evidence available on CHW effectiveness in performing each role and identify considerations for informing future roles. Of 856 articles, 160 met the inclusion criteria. Programmes spanned 34 LMICs. Studies most commonly reported evidence on CHWs roles related to health education, outreach and elements of direct service provision. We found little overlap in roles between CHWs and other providers, with some exceptions. Reported roles were biased towards home visiting and individual-capacity building, and not well-oriented to reach men/youth/working women, support community empowerment or link with social services. Urban-specific adaptations to roles, such as peer outreach to high-risk, stigmatized communities, were limited. Innovation in urban CHW roles and a better understanding of the unique opportunities presented by urban settings is needed to fully capitalize on their potential.

scholarly journals Educational Curricula and Programs in Adolescent Medicine for Health Workers in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4s) ◽  
pp. 64-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen K. Miller ◽  
Sarah Jane Brown ◽  
Betsy Pfeffer ◽  
Peter Olupot-Olupot ◽  
Sabrina Kitaka
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Adolescent Medicine ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACT Background Adolescent medicine (AM) has been increasingly recognized as critically important to the health of individuals during their transition to adulthood. On a global scale, AM is often underprioritized and underfunded. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), education and AM training is developing, and AM physicians often are from general medicine backgrounds. Objective The objective of our scoping review was to identify existing training curricula and educational tools designed to teach AM skills to health care workers in LMICs. Methods We followed PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews for article identification and inclusion. Online databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus, were used to identify papers. We included studies that took place in a LMIC, were available in English, and described any of the following: published educational curricula in AM, education-based intervention for HCWs that focused on AM, or a training opportunity in AM located in a LMIC. Results Our review includes 14 publications: 5 published curricula and 9 articles describing educational interventions or training opportunities in AM in LMICs. Curricula were relatively consistent in the topics included, although they varied in implementation and teaching strategies. The scholarly articles described educational materials and identified a number of innovative strategies for training programs. Conclusions Our review found existing high-quality AM curricula designed for LMICs. However, there is limited published data on their implementation and utilization. There is a continued need for funding and implementation of education in AM in resource-constrained settings.

scholarly journals Community surveillance and response to maternal and child deaths in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0248143
Author(s):  
Tariro J. Basera ◽  
Kathrin Schmitz ◽  
Jessica Price ◽  
Merlin Willcox ◽  
Edna N. Bosire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Child Death ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Child Deaths ◽  
Low And Middle Income

Background Civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) systems do not produce comprehensive data on maternal and child deaths in most low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with most births and deaths which occur outside the formal health system going unreported. Community-based death reporting, investigation and review processes are being used in these settings to augment official registration of maternal and child deaths and to identify death-specific factors and associated barriers to maternal and childcare. This study aims to review how community-based maternal and child death reporting, investigation and review processes are carried out in LMICs. Methods We conducted a scoping review of the literature published in English from January 2013 to November 2020, searching PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Joanna Briggs, The Cochrane Library, EBM reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We used descriptive analysis to outline the scope, design, and distribution of literature included in the study and to present the content extracted from each article. The scoping review is reported following the PRISMA reporting guideline for systematic reviews. Results Of 3162 screened articles, 43 articles that described community-based maternal and child death review processes across ten countries in Africa and Asia were included. A variety of approaches were used to report and investigate deaths in the community, including identification of deaths by community health workers (CHWs) and other community informants, reproductive age mortality surveys, verbal autopsy, and social autopsy. Community notification of deaths by CHWs complements registration of maternal and child deaths missed by routinely collected sources of information, including the CRVS systems which mostly capture deaths occurring in health facilities. However, the accuracy and completeness of data reported by CHWs are sub-optimal. Conclusions Community-based death reporting complements formal registration of maternal and child deaths in LMICs. While research shows that community-based maternal and child death reporting was feasible, the accuracy and completeness of data reported by CHWs are sub-optimal but amenable to targeted support and supervision. Studies to further improve the process of engaging communities in the review, as well as collection and investigation of deaths in LMICs, could empower communities to respond more effectively and have a greater impact on reducing maternal and child mortality.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document