Relationships Among Self-Care Agency, Self-Efficacy, Self-Care, and Glycemic Control

Costly complications of diabetes often arise from poor glycemic control. Appropriate diabetes self-care management may improve control. This study examined whether self-care management affects glycemic control and mediates relationships between self-efficacy and self-care agency with glycemic control. In a cross-sectional correlational design, data from a prior study of 141 insulin-requiring adults with type 1 or type 2 diabetes were examined using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation, and multiple hierarchical regression. Findings indicated that greater self-care agency and self-efficacy lead to greater self-care management, in turn leading to better glycemic control. Self-care management did not mediate between self-efficacy or self-care agency and glycemic control. Thus, beliefs or capabilities for self-care are insufficient to improve glycemic control; doing so requires self-care management.

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Testing a Conceptual Framework for Diabetes Self-Care Management

Research and Theory for Nursing Practice ◽

10.1891/rtnp.18.4.293.64089 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 293-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Valmi D. Sousa ◽

Jaclene A. Zauszniewski ◽

Carol M. Musil ◽

Patricia E. McDonald ◽

Sharon E. Milligan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Social Support ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Care Management ◽

Care Center ◽

Self Care ◽

The United States ◽

Diabetes Knowledge ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Agency

Diabetes is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and economic expense in the United States. The majority of researchers and clinicians believe that diabetes is a self-care management disease, and that patients should be reliable, capable, and sufficiently responsible to take care of themselves. However, individuals with diabetes may or may not have diabetes knowledge, social support, self-care agency (an individual’s capability to perform self-care actions), and self-efficacy (an individual’s beliefs in his or her capability to perform self-care actions) that would help them to engage in diabetes self-care management. Therefore, this study examined the relationship among those factors using a cross-sectional model testing design. A convenient sample of 141 insulin-requiring individuals with either diabetes type 1 or type 2, 21 years old and over, was recruited from an outpatient diabetes care center located in a Southeast region of the United States. Simple linear regression, multiple standard regression, and multiple hierarchical regression were used to analyze the data. Individuals with greater diabetes knowledge had greater self-care agency and self-efficacy. Those with a higher score in social support had greater self-care agency and better diabetes self-care management, and those with greater self-efficacy had better diabetes self-care management. In addition, self-care agency mediated the effects of diabetes knowledge on self-efficacy and the effects of social support on diabetes self-care management. Self-efficacy mediated the effects of self-care agency on diabetes self-care management. Furthermore, the linear combination of diabetes knowledge, social support, self-care agency, and self-efficacy, taken together, positively affected diabetes self-care management. Enhancing an individual’s diabetes knowledge, social support, self-care agency, and self-efficacy may be a strategy which can promote better engagement in diabetes self-care.

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FAKTOR-FAKTOR INTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI SELF CARE MANAGEMENT PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 DI POLI KLINIK KHUSUS PENYAKIT DALAM RSUP DR. M. DJAMIL PADANG

JURNAL KESEHATAN MERCUSUAR ◽

10.36984/jkm.v3i1.73 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 54-65

Author(s):

Lola Despitasari

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Care Management ◽

Self Care ◽

P Value ◽

Diabetes Knowledge ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Care Agency

Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2 merupakan hasil dari kegagalan atau penolakan tubuh mnggunakan zat insulin (resistensi insulin). Pada orang dengan diabetes tipe 2 diperlukan self care management untuk mengelola penyakitnya. Diabetes knowledge, self efficacy, self care agency merupakan faktor internal yang mempengaruhi self care management. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor internal yang mempengaruhi self care management pada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di poli klinik khusus penyakit dalam RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Jenis penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik melalui pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Poli Klinik Khusus Penyakit Dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Sampel berjumlah 60 orang dengan teknik accidental sampling, dan instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner SDSCA, ASAS-R, DMSES, dan kuesioner diabetes knowledge. Analisis data bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 56.7% responden memiliki self care management yang kurang baik, 50% responden dengan self care agency kurang baik, 46.7% responden dengan self efficacy kurang baik, dan 61.7% responden dengan diabetes knowledge kurang baik. Terdapat hubungan antara self care agency, self efficacy, dan diabetes knowledge dengan self care management dengan nilai p value (≤ 0.05). Terdapat hubungan antara self care agency, self efficacy, dan diabetes knowledge dengan self care management di poli klinik khusus penyakit dalam RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Disarankan kepada pasien diabetes mellitus tipe 2 untuk meningkatkan self care agency, self efficacy, dan diabetes knowledge nya. Kata Kunci : Diabetes mellitus tipe 2, self care management, self care agency, self efficacy, diabetes knowledge

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Further Evidence of Psychometric Performance of the Self-care of Diabetes Inventory in Adults With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes

Annals of Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/abm/kaab088 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maddalena De Maria ◽

Diletta Fabrizi ◽

Michela Luciani ◽

Rosario Caruso ◽

Stefania Di Mauro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Care Management ◽

High Reliability ◽

Self Care ◽

The Self ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background The Self-care of Diabetes Inventory (SCODI) is a theory-based tool that measures self-care, a key strategy in the appropriate treatment of diabetes. However, despite the clinical differences between people with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), the psychometric properties of the SCODI were only tested in mixed samples. Purpose This study aims to test the psychometric performances of the SCODI in two separate groups of adults with T1DM and T2DM. Methods This is a secondary analysis from two previous multicentre cross-sectional observational studies involving patients with T1DM (n = 181) and T2DM (n = 540). We tested dimensionality with confirmatory factor analysis and reliability with a multidimensional model-based coefficient for every scale of the SCODI: self-care maintenance, self-care monitoring, self-care management, and self-care self-efficacy. Results We found that the SCODI showed the same dimensionality, with minimal variation in factor loadings for each factor and each scale among T1DM and T2DM groups. High reliability for each scale in both groups was also found (self-care maintenance: T1DM = 0.86, T2DM = 0.83; self-care monitoring: T1DM = 0.84, T2DM = 1.00; self-care management: T1DM = 0.87, T2DM = 0.86; self-care self-efficacy: T1DM = 0.88; T2DM = 0.86). Conclusion The SCODI can be used for measuring self-care in people with T1DM, T2DM, or mixed groups using identical scoring procedures. Considering the well-known differences between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes diseases and patients’ characteristics, our results support the generalizability of the self-care theory on which the instrument is based.

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Social Support, Self-Care Behaviour and Self-Efficacy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9111607 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1607

Author(s):

Premalatha Paulsamy ◽

Rizwan Ashraf ◽

Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani ◽

Kalaiselvi Periannan ◽

Absar Ahmed Qureshi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Diabetes Management ◽

Self Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Self ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

Diabetes mellitus is a major public health issue that considerably impacts mortality, morbidity, and healthcare costs worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc in diabetes management, too, like other spectrums of life. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was adopted to determine the effect of Social Support, Self-Care Behaviour and Self-Efficacy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) during this COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred T2D patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were chosen using a convenient sampling procedure. The tool consists of four sections, including socio-demographic characteristics, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), revised Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) Scale and modified Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMS). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the obtained data. The mean and SD of diabetic management self-efficacy is 5.74 (1.95) and 4.37 (1.4), respectively, for patients with HbA1c < 6.5% and HbA1c ≥ 6.5%. The self-care activities of the patients who had good glycemic control were 4.31 (2.06) compared to 3.50 (1.73) who did not. The social support received by the patients was 6.13 (2.13) vs. 5.31 (1.67) among patients with glycemic control vs. no control. The results show that social support (p = 0.04), self-efficacy (p =0.01) and self-care activities (p = 0.001) were significantly related to the level of glycemic control of the T2D patients. A significant relationship was also identified between gender (p = 0.036), age (p = 0.001) and education status (p = 0.000) with HbA1c control of the participants. This study demonstrates a significant relationship between social support, self-care behaviours, self-efficacy and glycemic management in T2D patients. During this COVID-19 pandemic, interventions to enhance the self-care activities like exercise and social support to boost their self-efficacy; for better diabetes management, reducing diabetes complications or prolonging their onset are the need of the hour.

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The relationships among depression, self-care agency, self-efficacy and diabetes self-care management

Journal of Research in Nursing ◽

10.1177/1744987115621782 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 110-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Besher Gharaibeh ◽

Byron J Gajewski ◽

Ahmed Al-smadi ◽

Diane K Boyle

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Care Management ◽

Self Care ◽

Care Agency

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Review: The relationships among depression, self-care agency, self-efficacy and diabetes self-care management

Journal of Research in Nursing ◽

10.1177/1744987116630681 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 123-124

Author(s):

Natasha Duke

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Care Management ◽

Self Care ◽

Care Agency

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Diabetes self-care management practices among insulin-taking patients

Journal of Research in Nursing ◽

10.1177/1744987118782311 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (7) ◽

pp. 553-565

Author(s):

Besher Gharaibeh ◽

Loai Issa Tawalbeh

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Care Management ◽

Management Practices ◽

Self Care ◽

Complex Nature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background Diabetes self-care management (DSCM) is complex because various factors and relationships influence its processes. Aims This study aimed to identify the level of DSCM, compare the levels of self care between patients with type 1 and patients with type 2 diabetes, and identify significant predictors of self-care among Jordanian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were taking insulin. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed using a convenience sample of 310 Jordanian patients. The Arabic translated version of the 40-item Diabetes Self-Management Scale was used to collect data. Results The type of diabetes ( t(310) = 4.81; p < .001) and the type of medications (insulin, or insulin and tablets) ( t(310) = 4.75; p < .001) significantly affected the level of self-care. Age ( t(296) = − 3.41; p = 0.001), gender ( t(296) = −4.78; p < 0.001) training in self-care ( t(296) = 4.30; p < .001), educational level ( t(296) = 2.81, P = .005) and using traditional treatment (herbal therapy) ( t(296) = −4.64, p < .001) significantly predicted self-care and explained around 58% of the variance in self-care. Conclusions Various factors were found to influence self-care. Further research is needed to explore the complex nature of DSCM.

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