Normal Glucose Tolerance Pattern: Development of Blood Glucose Normality by Analysis of Extraoral Symptoms

1960 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cheraskin ◽  
C. Brunson ◽  
J. D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Pattern Development

scholarly journals Acute Effect of Black Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Hydrolyzed Protein on Glucose Levels in Adults with Prediabetes and Normal Glucose Tolerance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 458-458
Author(s):  
Andrea Ramos-Lopez ◽  
Luis Mojica ◽  
Armando Gomez-Ojeda ◽  
Maciste Macias-Cervantes ◽  
Claudia Luevano-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hydrolyzed Protein ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract Objectives In silico, biochemical, in vitro, and in vivo assays have shown that black bean hydrolyzed protein (HPF) could decrease glucose absorption by inhibiting digestive enzymes and blocking gastrointestinal transporters. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the acute effect of different doses of HPF on glucose levels in adults with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and with prediabetes. Methods A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 31 adults with NGT and 24 adults with prediabetes. Participants were 25–50-year-old and with a body mass index (BMI) between 25–34.9 kg/m2. After consent, participants were randomized into four groups, placebo or the corresponding HPF (powder) treatment (D1:2.5 g, D2:3.7 g, D3:5 g). Subjects received the placebo, 120 mL of a commercial beverage (Be-light), or the corresponding HPF dose dissolved in 120 mL of Be-light. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (75 g glucose) was used to measure glucose tolerance before treatment (initial). A second OGTT was used to evaluate the acute effect of the HPF, and blood samples were collected at 0, 60, 120, and 150 min, and blood glucose levels were measured. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and paired Student's t-test. Results Participants with NGT: the D3 group showed a decrease in blood glucose area under the curve (AUC) when compared with the D1 group (13,639.2 ± 1585.9 vs. 16,756.6 ± 2709 mg · min/dL; P = 0.05). However, there was no difference with the placebo group (14,073.7 ± 1825.9 mg · min/dL, P = 0.9). When comparing the initial AUC vs. treatment AUC, the placebo, D2, and D3 groups decreased significantly (P = 0.01). Participants with prediabetes: the D3 group also show a significantly decreased in AUC when compared with the D2 group (19,815 ± 3153 vs. 27,545 ± 5398 mg · min/dL; P = 0.01). However, there was no difference with the placebo group (21,743.5 ± 4503 mg · min/dL, P = 0.8). Additionally, when comparing initial AUC vs. treatment AUC, only the D3 group decreased significantly (P = 0.01). Conclusions The comparison of the acute effect of three different doses of HPF showed a decrease in blood glucose (AUC) in a dose-dependent manner in participants with prediabetes. Funding Sources CONACYT Problemas Nacionales 2016-2081.

scholarly journals The Beta-Cell Function and Glucose Profile of Newly Diagnosed Acromegalic Patients with Normal Glucose Tolerance

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Quanya Sun ◽  
Xiaoqing Li ◽  
Peili Chen ◽  
Lili Chen ◽  
Xiaolong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Glucose Profile ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Β Cell Function

Objectives. Untreated acromegaly is a nature model for unveiling the diabetogenic effects of GH. CGMS can uncover more glucose profile of acromegaly. This study aimed to evaluate the insulin resistance (IR), β-cell function, and glycemic spectrum of patients with newly diagnosed acromegaly with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Methods. This study was conducted in Huashan Hospital from January 2015 to February 2019. Eight newly diagnosed acromegalic patients without history of diabetes and eight age- and gender-matched healthy subjects were enrolled. All participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and 72 h continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). Parameters on β-cell function and IR were calculated. Mean blood glucose (MBG) in 24 hours was adopted for the evaluation of the glycemic level, and standard deviation of blood glucose (SDBG) and mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) were used for glucose fluctuation. Results. HbA1c in the acromegaly group was significantly higher than in the control. During OGTT, glucose peaked at 60 min in acromegaly and at 30 min in controls. After glucose load, the acromegaly group had significantly higher insulin levels than controls, especially in 120 min and 180 min. Both insulin sensitivity index and disposal index after glucose load of acromegaly were significantly lower than those of controls. Moreover, acromegalic subjects had significantly higher MBG than controls. Conclusions. The newly diagnosed acromegalic patients with NGT were characterized by IR and impaired β-cell function after glucose load. CGM showed that MBG of NGT acromegaly patients was higher than that of normal people.

scholarly journals Effect of Short-Term Increase in Meal Frequency on Glucose Metabolism in Individuals with Normal Glucose Tolerance or Impaired Fasting Glucose: A Randomized Crossover Clinical Trial

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2126
Author(s):  
Masanobu Hibi ◽  
Sayaka Hari ◽  
Tohru Yamaguchi ◽  
Yuki Mitsui ◽  
Sumio Kondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Fasting Glucose ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Maximum Plasma ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Normal Glucose

Effects of meal frequency on blood glucose levels and glucose metabolism were evaluated over 3 days in adult males with normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 9) or impaired fasting glucose (IFG, n = 9) in a randomized, crossover comparison study. Subjects were provided with an isocaloric diet 3 times daily (3M) or 9 times daily (9M). Blood glucose was monitored on Day 3 using a continuous glucose monitoring system, and subjects underwent a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on Day 4. Daytime maximum blood glucose, glucose range, duration of glucose ≥180 mg/dL, and nighttime maximum glucose were significantly lower in the NGT/9M condition than in the NGT/3M condition. Similar findings were observed in the IFG subjects, with a lower daytime and nighttime maximum glucose and glucose range, and a significantly higher daytime minimum glucose in the 9M condition than in the 3M condition. The OGTT results did not differ significantly between NGT/3M and NGT/9M conditions. In contrast, the incremental area under the curve tended to be lower and the maximum plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower in the IFG/9M condition than in the IFG/3M condition. In IFG subjects, the 9M condition significantly improved glucose metabolism compared with the 3M condition. Higher meal frequency may increase glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion and improve insulin secretion.

Psychiatric Aspects of Diabetes—a Physician's View

1981 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Tattersall
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Normal Glucose

A raised blood sugar level no more defines a single entity than does a raised bilirubin or a low haemoglobin. Diabetes is a heterogenous group of disorders whose only common factor is hyperglycaemia (Tattersallet al, 1980). The classification of diabetes is being revised, although the changes are of more relevance to epidemiologists than clinicians. Previous standards of normal glucose tolerance were set too low, so that some people were labelled diabetic who had no symptoms and have proved on follow-up not to be at risk of developing complications such as retinopathy (i.e. they had a non-disease). Epidemiological evidence suggests that the cut-off point for ‘true’ diabetes (i.e. a condition which leads to complications and shortening of life span) is a blood glucose level two hours after a 50 G oral glucose load of 11.1 mMol/L (National Diabetes Data Group, 1979). This corresponds to a fasting blood glucose level of 7 mMol/L or below. Hence, a single blood glucose value, either in the fasting state or two hours after a 50 G glucose load, is enough to diagnose diabetes and glucose tolerance tests should hardly ever be necessary.

Effect of hyperglycaemia on glucose concentration of human nasal secretions

2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. WOOD ◽  
Amanda L. BRENNAN ◽  
Barbara J. PHILIPS ◽  
Emma H. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Load ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
Nasal Secretions ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations ◽  
Glucose Threshold

Glucose is not detectable in airways secretions of normoglycaemic volunteers, but is present at 1–9 mmol·l-1 in airways secretions from people with hyperglycaemia. These observations suggest the existence of a blood glucose threshold at which glucose appears in airways secretions, similar to that seen in renal and salivary epithelia. In the present study we determined the blood glucose threshold at which glucose appears in nasal secretions. Blood glucose concentrations were raised in healthy human volunteers by 20% dextrose intravenous infusion or 75 g oral glucose load. Nasal glucose concentrations were measured using modified glucose oxidase sticks as blood glucose concentrations were raised. Glucose appeared rapidly in nasal secretions once blood glucose was clamped at approx. 12 mmol·l-1 (n=6). On removal of the clamp, nasal glucose fell to baseline levels in parallel with blood glucose concentrations. An airway glucose threshold of 6.7–9.7 mmol·l-1 was identified (n=12). In six subjects with normal glucose tolerance, blood glucose concentrations rose above the airways threshold and nasal glucose became detectable following an oral glucose load. The presence of an airway glucose threshold suggests that active glucose transport by airway epithelial cells normally maintains low glucose concentrations in airways secretions. Blood glucose exceeds the airway threshold after a glucose load even in people with normal glucose tolerance, so it is likely that people with diabetes or hyperglycaemia spend a significant proportion of each day with glucose in their airways secretions.

scholarly journals The Association between Resting Heart Rate and Urinary Albumin/Creatinine Ratio in Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Mao ◽  
Xinye Jin ◽  
Haibin Wang ◽  
Yingnan Ye ◽  
Linxi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Normal Blood Pressure ◽  
Albumin Creatinine Ratio ◽  
Normal Glucose ◽  
The Relationship

Objective. In general population, resting heart rate (RHR) is associated with cardiovascular disease. However, its relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is debated. We therefore investigated the relationship between RHR and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR, an indicator of early kidney injury) in general population at different levels of blood pressure and blood glucose. Methods. We screened out 32,885 subjects from the REACTION study after excluding the subjects with primary kidney disease, heart disease, tumor history, related drug application, and important data loss. The whole group was divided into four groups (Q1: RHR≤71, Q2: 72≤RHR≤78, Q3: 79≤RHR≤86, and Q4: 87≤RHR) according to the quartile of average resting heart rate. The renal function was evaluated by UACR (divided by quartiles of all data in the center to which the subject belonged). Ordinary logistic regression was carried out to explore the association between RHR and UACR at diverse blood pressure and blood glucose levels. Results. The subjects with higher RHR quartile tend to have a higher UACR, even multifactors were adjusted. After stratifying the subjects according to blood pressure and blood glucose, the positive relationship between RHR and UACR remained in the subjects with normal blood pressure and normal glucose tolerance, while in the hypertension (SBP≥140 mmHg and/or DBP≥90 mmHg) group and the diabetic mellitus (FPG≥7.0 mmol/L and/or PPG≥11.1 mmol/L) group, the relationship disappeared. In the subjects without hypertension, compared with the Q1 group, the UACR is significant higher in the Q3 group (OR: 1.11) and the Q4 group (OR: 1.22). In the subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT), compared with the Q1 group, the UACR is significantly higher in the Q3 group (OR: 1.13) and the Q4 group (OR: 1.19). Conclusions. The population with higher RHR tend to have a higher UACR in the normal blood pressure group and the normal glucose tolerance group.

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