scholarly journals The Ultimatum Game, Distribution Of Income And Re-Distributive Policy

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R. Seldon ◽  
Peter Tsigaris
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Ultimatum Game ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

In this paper we examine the ultimatum game’s income distribution and efficiency implications and modify the game to investigate the impact of re-distributional policies imposed on the parties.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF TAX POLICY ON ECONOMIC GROWTH, INCOME DISTRIBUTION, AND ALLOCATION OF TAXES

2006 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Gwartney ◽  
Robert A. Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Marginal Tax Rates ◽  
Tax Changes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Using a sample of seventy-seven countries, this paper focuses on marginal tax rates and the income thresholds at which they apply to examine how the tax changes of the 1980s and 1990s have influenced economic growth, the distribution of income, and the share of taxes paid by various income groups. Many countries substantially reduced their highest marginal rates during the 1985-1995 period. The findings indicate that countries that reduced their highest marginal rates grew more rapidly than those that maintained high marginal rates. At the same time, the income distribution in several of the tax cutting countries became more unequal while there was little change or even a reduction in income inequality in most countries that maintained high marginal rates. Finally, the evidence suggests that there was a shift in the payment of the personal income tax away from those with low and middle incomes and toward those with the highest incomes.

The Impact of Taxes in Developed Capitalist Countries

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-257
Author(s):  
Ronald F. King ◽  
Steven I. Jackson ◽  
Claudio J. Katz ◽  
Vincent A. Mahler ◽  
Michael G. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Tax Policies ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Exogenous Variables ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

A research question of perennial interest is, “What are the exogenous variables which best account for the differential distribution of income across nations?” Better understanding of the causes of inequalities in income distribution has been sought by investigating the effects of tax policies on income allocation and growth in capitalist countries. The quantitative analyses of these matters have engendered some debate about the adequacy of data, and the sufficiency of measurement. A preliminary foray into this research vineyard by Claudio Katz, Vincent Mahler, and Michael Franz is criticized here by Ronald King and Steven Jackson. In turn, Katz, Mahler, and Franz respond.

scholarly journals An assessment of the debates over income distribution and growth in the Neo-Kaleckian literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-796
Author(s):  
SULAFA NOFAL
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Economic Issues ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

ABSTRACT Kaleckian literature is considered an important theme in the post-Keynesian school of economic thought. In the aftermath of the financial crisis, the endeavors of forming a new consensus regarding essential economic issues, in particular achieving economic growth became a need. Thus, the Kaleckian models returned to be in the spot since these models tackle the impact of changes in the distribution of income and address the question whether a redistribution of income away from wages and towards profits is capable of boosting growth. In this sense, this paper return to Kaleckian insights and offers a theoretical discussion of the distributional effects on aggregate demand and economic growth. Moreover, through the lens of neo-Kaleckian tradition, the evolution of the debate on wage-led and profit-led regimes in recent decades can be traced.

scholarly journals International trade and uneven distribution of income

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
General Nature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The turbulent events of the last quarter of the 20th century (the collapse of the socialist system and the transition of the post-socialist countries to a market economy, China's accession to the world market and the successive trends of trade liberalization in a number of countries) do not doubt that trade and technology play an important role in changing the structure of production and wages throughout the world. At the beginning of the 20th century globalization tendencies were transformed into a deglobalization. This was partially due to the fact that growth of international trade did not properly contribute to the welfare of people and the mitigation of income polarization as it was expected to. Although, there is no doubt that trade and technology have played an important role in the change of production structure and salaries around the world. The subject of research in the article are the main causes and consequences of the polarization of income in the world economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the impact of the growth of international trade on human well-being and reduction of income polarization.The main objective of the study is to analyze the dynamics of income distribution in the world in the context of the expansion of international trade. The article uses general scientific methods: system analysis - to determine the features of the development of international trade, a method of scientific abstraction that allows to present the general nature of the uneven distribution of income in the world economy and to make assumptions about the expected future through extrapolating data. Results: Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the change in the basic indicators of income distribution, the problem aspects of the impact of international trade on the polarization of the world population's incomes are revealed.Conclusion:According to studies,economic growth rates deepened inequality between countries, as some have learned to benefit from new opportunities better than others. Moreover, it turned out that trade is affecting the labor market disproportionately even within one country.

Differential Impacts of Provincial Government Expenditures: An Application of Input-Output Analysis

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kubursi ◽  
R. H. Frank
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Provincial Government ◽  
Government Expenditures ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Employment Level ◽  
Input Output Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Economists have long been concerned with the impact of total government expenditures on employment, level of income, and income distribution. However, only recently has attention been paid to the effects of changes in the compostion of these expenditures. These studies have generally tended to neglect that variations in government expenditures entail changes in industrial purchases as a consequence of changes in government programs or functions (e.g., education, health, and so forth). This paper utilizes an input-output model to trace the impact of government expenditures, organized by function, on the level of income, employment, and distribution of income.

scholarly journals Minimum Wage Laws: Are They Overrated?

1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Brown
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Labor Markets ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Partial Coverage ◽  
Wage Theory ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Prevailing View

I think there is a reasonably high degree of agreement in studies of the impact of the minimum wage on employment, unemployment, and the distribution of income -- though I will also point to a few areas where further work could refine our understanding of labor markets, and perhaps even change the prevailing view of the impact of the minimum wage. I consider the textbook minimum wage theory; complications of partial coverage and heterogeneous workers; the estimated impact on employment and unemployment; whether there should be a lower wage for teenagers; and the effect of the minimum wage on the income distribution. In the end, what have we learned? The effects of the minimum wage on employment are smaller than I would have supposed. The minimum wage is overrated: by its critics as well as its supporters.

scholarly journals The impact of a minimum wage change on the distribution of wages and household income

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Redmond ◽  
Karina Doorley ◽  
Seamus McGuinness
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Wage Increase ◽  
Minimum Wage Increase ◽  
Wage Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract We use distribution regression analysis to study the impact of a 6% increase in the Irish minimum wage on the distribution of hourly wages and household income. Wage inequality, measured by the ratio of wages in the 90th and 10th percentiles and the 75th and 25th percentiles, decreased by approximately 8 and 4%, respectively. The results point towards wage spillover effects up to the 30th percentile of the wage distribution. We show that minimum wage workers are spread throughout the household income distribution and are often located in high-income households. Therefore, while we observe strong effects on the wage distribution, the impact of a minimum wage increase on the household income distribution is quite limited.

The effects of debt restructurings on income inequality in the developing world

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406612110014
Author(s):  
Glen Biglaiser ◽  
Ronald J. McGauvran
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Government Spending ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Impact

Developing countries, saddled with debts, often prefer investors absorb losses through debt restructurings. By not making full repayments, debtor governments could increase social spending, serving poorer constituents, and, in turn, lowering income inequality. Alternatively, debtor governments could reduce taxes and cut government spending, bolstering the assets of the rich at the expense of the poor. Using panel data for 71 developing countries from 1986 to 2016, we assess the effects of debt restructurings on societal income distribution. Specifically, we study the impact of debt restructurings on social spending, tax reform, and income inequality. We find that countries receiving debt restructurings tend to use their newly acquired economic flexibility to reduce taxes and lower social spending, worsening income inequality. The results are also robust to different model specifications. Our study contributes to the globalization and the poor debate, suggesting the economic harm caused to the less well-off following debt restructurings.

Income distribution and macroeconomics in Colombia

2007 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Javier A. Birchenall
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Aggregate Shocks ◽  
Macroeconomic Variables ◽  
Inflation Rates ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Education Groups ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper studies the relation between macroeconomic variables and the distribution of income in Colombia. We relate the dynamics of aggregate economic variables with the cross-section of disaggregate income to determine the transmission and propagation mechanisms of aggregate shocks. The most important finding is a strong negative effect of inflation rates on the distribution of income by education groups and productive sectors.

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