A Value-Added Model To Measure Higher Education Returns On Government Investment

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland J. Sparks
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
College Education ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Default Rates ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

The cost of college is increasing faster than inflation with the government funding over 19 million student loans that have a current outstanding balance of over $850 billion in 2010. Student default rates for 2008 averaged 7% but for some colleges, default rates were as high as 46.8%. Congress is demanding answers from colleges and universities about the quality of their education and the return on the governments investment. Current practices measure universities effectiveness by self-developed and measured outcomes. This system does not seem to be effective in measuring the value-added by a college education. This paper develops a model to evaluate the value-added through higher education. The model uses financial return on investment as viewed by the government lenders. A service quality model is introduced to help identify factors that are significant and easy to measure in determining a universitys ability to return the governments investment.

What Are The Alternatives To Student Loans In Higher Education Funding?

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Stokes ◽  
Sarah Wright
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Financial Market ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Student Loan ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Instability ◽  
The Cost

In a period of student loan scandals and U.S. financial market instability impacting on the cost and availability of student loans, this paper looks at alternative models of higher education funding. In this context, it also considers the level of financial support that the government should provide to higher education.

scholarly journals A News Big Data Analysis of Issues in Higher Education in Korea amid the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7347
Author(s):  
Jangwan Ko ◽  
Seungsu Paek ◽  
Seoyoon Park ◽  
Jiwoo Park
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
College Education ◽  
Big Data Analysis ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Job Market ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
The Government

This paper examines the main issues regarding higher education in Korea—where college education experienced minimal interruptions—during the COVID-19 pandemic through a big data analysis of news articles. By analyzing policy responses from the government and colleges and examining prominent discourses on higher education, it provides a context for discussing the implications of COVID-19 on education policy and what the post-pandemic era would bring. To this end, we utilized BIgKinds, a big data research solution for news articles offered by the Korea Press Foundation, to select a total of 2636 media reports and conducted Topic Modelling based on LDA algorithms using NetMiner. The analyses are split into three distinct periods of COVID-19 spread in the country. Some notable topics from the first phase are remote class, tuition refund, returning Chinese international students, and normalization of college education. Preparations for the College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT), contact and contactless classes, preparations for early admissions, and supporting job market candidates are extracted for the second phase. For the third phase, the extracted topics include CSAT and college-specific exams, quarantine on campus, social relations on campus, and support for job market candidates. The results confirmed widespread public attention to the relevant issues but also showed empirically that the measures taken by the government and college administrations to combat COVID-19 had limited visibility among media reports. It is important to note that timely and appropriate responses from the government and colleges have enabled continuation of higher education in some capacity during the pandemic. In addition to the media’s role in reporting issues of public interest, there is also a need for continued research and discussion on higher education amid COVID-19 to help effect actual results from various policy efforts.

scholarly journals Interaction between Higher Education Outputs and Industrial Structure Evolution: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan He ◽  
Manxin Zheng ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yui-yip Lau ◽  
Qingmei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale.

The Viability of Tuition-Free Community College

2020 ◽  
pp. 089590482095111
Author(s):  
Matthew P. Ison
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Community College ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
College Education ◽  
Underrepresented Populations ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Policy Discussion

Free higher education has become a major policy discussion of the past few years, one that is often debated or supported along partisan lines. Those supporting this policy initiative often point to the rising cost of a college education and the barrier it creates for underrepresented populations hoping to access higher education. Others point to a broken financial aid system that leaves more individuals financing their education through student loans, adding to a massive national loan debt now exceeding a trillion dollars. Various arguments for and against a free-tuition program within the American higher education system are addressed. While an argument can be made that all public American higher education should be tuition-free, limiting a large-scale federal program to the American community college has economic and political implications that could make the policy more feasible for a larger percentage of the American public.

scholarly journals Widening access to higher education for low-income students: a Brazilian case study (1990s-2016)

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
LEONARDO CIVINELLI TORNEL DA SILVEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Higher Education Access ◽  
Widening Access ◽  
Education Participation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT This article analyses the widening access policies implemented by Brazil during the 1990s and in 2016. It cites and evaluates the different strategies used by the government, such as student loans, needs-based and race-based quotas. In the context of a highly privatized sector, in which for-profit higher education institutions account for over half of the existing higher education institutions in Brazil, the results display a relative growth in higher education access based on minorities and needs-based communities. However, it also showcases some trends not achieved as originally planned by the government (specially increasing higher education participation in regions other than the south and the southeast) and serves as a point requiring further research to evaluate the influence on the lives of students and graduates. This study uses government and publicly available sources to analyse the impact of this strategy over time.

scholarly journals Low- and High-Skills Equilibria in Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for the Government?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Government

What determines the incentives of governments and businesses to invest in skills needed for higher value-added activities? While many factors matter, this article focuses on the motivations and the role of political parties in government. A policy analysis in Poland and Romania between 1989 and 2015, shows how governments can determine a change in the supply of skills even in relatively new democracies. We tackle the variation in the supply of sophisticated skills in the two countries and find that, unlike governments dominated by national-conservative parties, governments dominated by liberal parties have strategically steered the supply of skills in the economy. They have simultaneously identified and incentivized three key actors to invest in higher added value activities: (1) They have steered their higher education institutions towards offering degrees conducive to research and development; (2) they have incentivized students through scholarships or through secure employment by fostering links with enterprises; and (3) they have bargained with multinational companies to attract sophisticated activities. The article suggests that political parties should figure more prominently in political economy scholarship focusing on CEE. Moreover, this work speaks to a broader debate about the role of political parties in skill formation and in institutional change more generally.

scholarly journals Gender Equity, Student Loans and Returns on Investment in American Higher Education

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Saleh ◽  
QianQian Yu ◽  
Steve H Leslie ◽  
John Seydel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Equity ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Student Loans ◽  
College Education ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
American Higher Education ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Returns On Investment

This study examines practices that impact females’ earnings and, in particular, their ability to repay student loans. Salary inequities experienced by female college graduates along with student loans are addressed. The authors offer a quantitative model for highlighting the inequity in the American workforce considering female’s lower salaries and higher student loans by examining the payback period associated with the investment in college education. Results indicate that, while the payback period for investments on college loans is increasing for both males and females, this trend is significantly worse for females.

scholarly journals Administrative Growth At The University: A Case Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon B. Hoshower ◽  
David Kirch
Keyword(s):  
Student Loans ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
College Education ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Administrative Costs ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The University

During the past two decades, the cost of higher education has increased at a higher rate than inflation.  Although this increase is small each year, the cumulative effect is great.  These increased costs are funded mainly through increased tuition and increased government support, either through subsidies to state funded universities or through government supported student loans, grants, work-study programs, and tax credits.  These subsidies are straining governmental budgets.  Many students are graduating with large debt burdens.  There is a rising fear among the working class that providing a college education for their children will be beyond their financial means. Thus, it is generally understood that the cost of a college education is rising faster than inflation and that these rising costs are creating a financial burden for both governments and individuals.  What is not generally understood is the source of these rising costs.  This study examined the financial records of a state supported, mid-western university with enrollment between 15,000 and 20,000 students, hereafter referred to as the University, over an eighteen-year period.  The study found that the rising cost of the University’s administration was the major source of the university’s cost increases.  This paper documents this finding and offers five possible explanations for these rising administrative costs.  The paper neither condemns nor justifies the rises in costs and it offers no suggestions for effectively decreasing administrative costs.  Diagnosis of the problem is the current topic of discussion, while possible solutions remain to be devised at a later date

scholarly journals Analysis of the necessity and efficiency of the HEI diploma holder professional retraining needs in Adjara Autonomous Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 03015
Author(s):  
George Abuselidze ◽  
Lia Davitadze
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Academic Staff ◽  
Small Open Economy ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Employment Agency ◽  
Study Programs ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

At the present stage, in the context of global economic and political problems, the educational space in countries with a small open economy is of particular importance, since it is recognized as one of the key elements of ensuring public welfare. In addition to the costs directly allocated to education in Georgia, the government finances various retraining courses, the need for which is due to the higher education programs which seem to be incompatible with the labour market. The purpose of this article is to determine the cost efficiency of retraining incurred by the state, and the reasons for these additional costs as well as the aspects of retraining (profession / qualification) provided to higher education diploma holders. This last group is of particular interest to us to determine what causes the need for services provided by the employment agency in the case of people with higher education which, possibly, leads us to gaps in study programs, which, in turn, can be caused by a) higher education programs, which cannot give graduates the proper skills; or/and b) the institution of higher education has not studied the required number of graduates/skills needed in the market (and determines the number of students according to its academic staff) and/or graduates with low academic performance (which are supported by the institution of higher education so as not to lose a voucher) need retraining.

A CRYSTALLISED REVIEW ON ROLE OF TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATION UNDER THE TENETS OF NEW EDUCATION POLICY

2020 ◽  
pp. 421-427
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
College Education ◽  
Expert Committee ◽  
Indian Space Research Organization ◽  
The Government ◽  
New Education

Since education leads to economic and social change, a well-defined and futuristic education policy is important for a country at school and college levels. By considering tradition and culture, different countries adopt different education systems and adopt different stages during their life cycle at the level of school and college education to make it successful. The Government of India recently announced its new Education Policy, based on the recommendations of an expert committee chaired by Dr. Kasturirangan, former president of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This paper presents and illustrates the effects of the NEP on higher technical education and provides recommendations for successful policy implementation.

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