scholarly journals Low- and High-Skills Equilibria in Central and Eastern Europe: What Role for the Government?

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
The Government

What determines the incentives of governments and businesses to invest in skills needed for higher value-added activities? While many factors matter, this article focuses on the motivations and the role of political parties in government. A policy analysis in Poland and Romania between 1989 and 2015, shows how governments can determine a change in the supply of skills even in relatively new democracies. We tackle the variation in the supply of sophisticated skills in the two countries and find that, unlike governments dominated by national-conservative parties, governments dominated by liberal parties have strategically steered the supply of skills in the economy. They have simultaneously identified and incentivized three key actors to invest in higher added value activities: (1) They have steered their higher education institutions towards offering degrees conducive to research and development; (2) they have incentivized students through scholarships or through secure employment by fostering links with enterprises; and (3) they have bargained with multinational companies to attract sophisticated activities. The article suggests that political parties should figure more prominently in political economy scholarship focusing on CEE. Moreover, this work speaks to a broader debate about the role of political parties in skill formation and in institutional change more generally.

scholarly journals Cohedissent–Specific Behavior of University Unions to Increase Competitiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Ștefan Liana ◽  
Imbrescu Ion
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
The Political ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
University Leaders

Abstract The change of the political regime in Romania determined a real revolution in the activity of the trade unions which suddenly had to change their objectives and their working methods. These organisations were in a position to struggle for the status of universities and their professors in a society that considered that 3% of GDP for education is too much. Is possible to understand that trade unions acting instead of universities managers, but immediately after 1989, the rectors and their teams depended by the politicians in a way that they cannot ask more for the needs of universities, and these situations are comparable with ones manifested in other countries, like Peru, Bolivia or Ecuador (Haggard and Kaufmann, 1995). The social and professional involvement of university unions is now much more significant, and their role in the life of higher education institutions is becoming more and more imperative. Not only do they struggle for financial resources and real autonomy, but they also support the didactic and research activities of their members. They also try to prevent and stop the abuse of university leaders. This work aims to present the activity of the union of UniversitasTimisiensis (West University of Timisoara), the role it plays to increase the cohesion between its members and the cooperation with other university unions of Romania. We will also present some current and future solutions that can develop the competitiveness of our institution to make it more attractive not only for professors and researchers but also for students. Methodology: In almost two decades we have observed that the role of education is treated differently in political declarations and public budgetary allocation. We tried to understand what the causes of these differences are, and we noticed that the formal voice of different union federations (there are four in the education field in Romania) is quite the same, but also there are some informal arrangements with governmental officials. Even in the higher education area, there are different aspects related to the goals of groups of universities (comprehensive, technical, medical) so the cohesion of different unions can be only apparent. We tried to investigate these aspects using quantitative research based on data supplied by Eurostat and National Institute of Statistics and about 15 interviews with different persons involved in the management of union organisations to see the characteristics of common patterns and also the specific differences. Findings: We discovered that in the field of education there is a paradox of functionality of a system. All political parties sustain the idea of a consistent allocation of resources for education (there is a National Pact for Education signed by all parties in 2008 and assumed by all other parties that appeared after 2008), but in ten years the allocation was around 3% of GDP that represents only half of the agreement. The unions were forced to adopt different strategies in an unfriendly environment: they cooperated in most of the cases but, due to the lack of resources, they had to rally to the positions of the management of universities and that sometimes determined the dissent with other unions. Value Added: It can be assumed that the unions can have an important role in education environment, even if they act in cohesion (most of the cases) and dissent (especially in case of improvement the position of the home university). The cohedissent (we try to underline the combination between the terms cohesion and dissent because it is almost impossible to have only cohesion in educational area) behaviour can represent a key factor to understanding the specificity of the role of university unions in improving the educational environment and insending more suggestive messages to the political parties. Recommendations: The scientific research in universities is an essential aspect of higher education and the specific research within and between university unions can potentiate the activities of teachers and researchers. The cooperation between unions must be improved and the dissent must be used constructively.

Higher education governance in Central and Eastern Europe: A perspective on Hungary and Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 670-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Tarlea
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Multinational Companies ◽  
Higher Education Governance ◽  
The Political ◽  
Skill Formation ◽  
Education Governance ◽  
The World

This paper seeks to answer the question of what motivates governments to introduce and implement reforms in higher education (HE). The political and economic reasons why some governments in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), for the period 1990 and 2015, have invested resources in order to facilitate cooperation between employers and universities, and have introduced quality criteria in HE finance while others have not, are identified. Use of a comparative perspective on Poland and Hungary revealed important differences in HE regulations in these seemingly otherwise very similar cases, showing that what drives regulations, at least in part, is the governments’ responses to the labour market, i.e. the dynamic between students – future workers – and employers – largely multinational companies. Moreover, differences in HE regulations in the two countries are responsive to voters’ concerns. The paper thus contributes to the literature on skill formation in Central and Eastern Europe and to the literature on political economy focusing on this part of the world.

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals RELASI AGAMA DAN POLITIK DI ACEH PASCA KONFLIK; Pemerintah Indonesia-Gerakan Aceh Merdeka

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Reni Kumalasari
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Islam And Politics ◽  
Indonesian Government ◽  
Free Aceh Movement ◽  
Practical Politics ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Relationship

This article tries to explain how the relationship between Islam and politics after the conflict between the Government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM). After the peace agreement between the two parties with the signing of the Helsinki MoU, the Indonesian government interpreted the agreement in Law No. 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh (UUPA). The presence of the act makes the ulama a partner of the government in running the wheels of government by giving fatwa on issues of government, development, community development, and the economy. Furthermore, after peace, the role of the ulama was not only to give knowledge to the community, some ulama participated in practical politics. This was one of the effects of the UUPA, where Aceh was given the privilege of establishing local political parties. At present some ulama have occupied various positions in party management, and even participated in the regional head election (PILKADA), where religious values are used as a means of gaining power.

scholarly journals Analysing the Influence of Industrial Value - Added of Small and Micro-sized Firms on Regional FDI in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Celine Canes ◽  
Vanessa Aurelia ◽  
Juan Phillip Yoel Tanesia ◽  
Albert Hasudungan ◽  
Erica Lukas
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Fdi Determinants ◽  
Portfolio Investments

The role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has only grown in tandem with globalization, as it plays a dual function by improving capital accumulation whilst simultaneously growing total factor yield, which puts it at an advantage over foreign aids and foreign portfolio investments. Using panel data from 34 Indonesian provinces over the 2015 - 2019 period, this research examined the determinants of provincial FDI and its impact on regional economic development in Indonesia. The random effect method with robust standard error was used to regress the model, and the variables found to be positively significant were the ratio of industrial value added for micro sized firms to regional GDP, as well as the growth rate of industrial value added for small sized firms. Our analysis revealed that micro-sized firms tend to have much higher industrial value added compared to small-sized firms, and that these firms tend to cluster in Western Indonesia. The role of the government should be to foster the growth and competitiveness of small and micro-sized firms, especially for regions where the industrial value added is still low. Further study is suggested on the determinants of industrial value added at the provincial level, as well as more comprehensive research on FDI determinants with a larger dataset.

scholarly journals PERAN KPU DALAM MENINGKATKAN PARTISIPASI POLITIK MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMILIHAN UMUM PRESIDEN DAN WAKIL PRESIDEN 2014 DI KOTA MALANG

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hidayansyah ◽  
Trisakti Handayani ◽  
M Syahri
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
General Elections ◽  
Favorable Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Decisions

ABSTRAKPemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden merupakan acara lima tahun sekali yang dilaksanakan di Indonesia, kegiatan ini sebagai wahana menyalurkan segala aspirasi masyarakat terutama dalam mempengaruhi keputusan politik, dan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran dan partisipasi masyarakat Kota Malang dalam pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden tahun 2014 di Kota Malang, selain itu untuk mengetahui peran KPU Kota Malang dalam pemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014, dan untuk menjelaskan faktor pendukung dan penghambat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pemilihan presiden dan wakil presiden 2014.Penelitian ini menggunakan Model penelitian deskriptif, yaitu suatu model penelitian dengan mencatat, mendeskripsikan dan menginterpratasikan peran KPU dalam meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam pemilihan umum prseiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang, dan penelitian ini menggunakan tiga teknik pengumpulan data yaitu wawancara, dokumentasi dan observasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh hasil bahwa peran KPU dalam meningkatkan partisipasi politik masyarakat dalam pemilihn umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang sangat besar. Artinya ini sesuai dengan realita dan fakta yang terjadi di lapangan, bahwa tahun 2014 partisipasi masyarakat Kota Malang sangat meningkat. Hal ini didukung oleh hasil wawancara dan observasi kepada pememrintahan Kota Malang, Partai Politik dan Masyarakat Kota Malang, selain itu hal yang paling mendukung adalah hasil perthitungan suara di Kota Malang, menunjukan sebanyak 70% masyarakat Kota Malang ikut berpartisipasi dalam pemilihan umum presiden dan wakil presiden 2014 di Kota Malang.Kata Kunci : Peran KPU, Partisipasi Masyarakat.ABSTRACTGeneral election for president and vice president is an event held every five years in Indonesia. This is a program which is used for channeling the aspirations of all communities, especially in influencing political decisions. This study aims to determine the role and participation of Malang communities in the presidential and vice presidential elections 2014. Besides, this study also aims to determine the role of General Elections Commission (KPU) of Malang in general election of president and vice president in 2014, and to explain the enabling and inhibiting factors of communities’ participation in the election of president and vice president in 2014. The approach used in this study is descriptive study, which is a study model by noting, describing and interpreting the role of KPU in increasing the communities’ political participation in the elections of president and vice president 2014 in Malang. This study uses three methods in collecting the data. They are interview, documentation, and observation. Based on the result of the study, it can be concluded that the General Elections Commission has a big role in increasing communities’ political participation in the elections of president and vice president 2014 in Malang. This means that it corresponds to the reality and the facts which occurred, that in 2014 the participation of Malang communities greatly increased. This is supported by the results of the interviews and observations to the government of Malang, Political Parties in Malang and also Malang communities. Besides, the most favorable case is the result of vote counting in Malang which shows as much as 70% of people in Malang participated in the elections for president and vice president 2014 in Malang.Key words: Role of the General Elections Commissions, Communities Participations

scholarly journals ROLE OF INTERCULTURAL PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE IN TRAINING OF FURTURE MASTERS OF PEDAGOGY OF HIGHER SCHOOL

2016 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Julia Khalemendyk
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Foreign Language ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Professional Competence ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
School Competence ◽  
The Government ◽  
Ministry Of Higher Education

Higher Education in our country is changing in accordance to the processes of Europian integration that is supported by the government of Ukraine and the Ministry of Higher Education and Science. The urgency of the problem is enhanced by contradictions between: the objective need of society for teachers and researchers able to solve the problems of professional activities in Higher School institutions at the international level that are associated with modern trends of European nations to make in future a unified system of multilevel Higher Education, the need for close collaboration with foreign colleagues and the real situation with willingness of up-to date teachers and researchers for foreign language professional collaboration. The Purpose of the article – theoretical analysis of the role of intercultural professional competence in the training of future masters of Pedagogy of Higher School.Intercultural professional competence of future masters of Pedagogy of Higher School is considered to be the integrated personal and professional activities which refers to psycho-pedagogical willingness of an adult to perform professional activities successfully, productively and efficiently, using the foreign language or foreign culture and interact effectively in a foreign professional environments.According to the results of the theoretical analysis we note that the constituent components of the intercultural professional competence of future masters of Pedagogy of Higher School competence is formed on the basis of the interconnected socio-cultural, socio-linguistic and language development due to their age and psychophysical characteristics and due to their professional and personal interests on each stage of the intercultural professional competence of the masters. One of the main parts of intercultural professional competence is its connection with professional awareness of masters, their professional value, since it is about degree of formation of the level and style of communication of future teachers and researchers while conducting different professional activities. Further we considered learning of pedagogical conditions for the development of intercultural professional competence of future masters of Pedagogy of Higher School in formal and informal education.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Agroindustri Olahan Terong Belanda di Kabupaten Wonosobo Jawa Tengah

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Eni Istiyanti ◽  
Francy Risvansuna Fivintari ◽  
Elita Khairunnisaa
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Government ◽  
Processed Products ◽  
Industry Needs

Tamarillo has soft characteristics and contains a lot of water so they are easily damaged if stored in fresh form, therefore it is necessary to have post-harvest handling in the form of processing in order to extend the shelf life. The study aims to analyze the costs, income, and profits, as well as the feasibility seen from the R / C, break event point (BEP), and the added value of various tamarillo processed products. The study was conducted in a survey of all tamarillo processed agroindustry in Wonosobo Regency, which amounted to 6 agroindustries. The research method used is descriptive quantitative analysis. The study uses primary data obtained through interviews and secondary data by means of documentation. Tamarillo processed products consist of candied, fruit juice, dodol, wajik, and candied pumpkin. The results showed that the production of candied tamarillo is the most compared to other processed products and can generate the greatest income and profits. All tamarillo processed products are feasible based on R/C, BEP, and value-added criteria. The development of tamarillo agro-industry needs the support of the government and related parties to provide education to consumers about the benefits of tamarillo.

scholarly journals Academic excellence as “competitiveness enhancement” in Russian higher education

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Tsvetkova ◽  
Sylvie Lomer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Academic Excellence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
World University Rankings ◽  
Russian Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Russian Universities

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse critically the Russian Academic Excellence Initiative (the Project 5-100), designed to propel five leading Russian universities into world university rankings (WURs) by 2020, and research it through the lens of neoliberalism. The paper seeks to reveal recurrent discourses and dominant orders of discourse constituting the overall concept of “excellence” in Russian higher education (HE) policy. Design/methodology/approach Since the Project 5-100 has been designed in line with a neoliberal model of academic excellence initiatives, emphasising “competition as a driver of excellence” (Hazelkorn, 2009), Fairclough’s approach to critical discourse analysis (CDA) has been adopted as a qualitative research method. There is no universally accepted definition of “excellence” in HE policy; therefore, this CDA also aims at revealing the Russian government’s vision of the concept and its voice in HE policy. Findings The paper concludes that the government reinforces neoliberal discourse on the HE agenda and transforms the 5-100 Universities’ identities through emphasising the role of WURs in modernising the HE system. Consequently, within the neoliberal paradigm, the Project 5-100 can be regarded as a manifestation of the commodification of “excellence” in Russian HE policy. Originality/value This research intends to broaden knowledge of excellence initiatives in HE policy and reveal their features and neoliberal natures. It also seeks to contribute in terms of showcasing a qualitative study of the Project 5-100 for future comparative analyses of similar HE policies.

scholarly journals Interaction between Higher Education Outputs and Industrial Structure Evolution: Evidence from Hubei Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan He ◽  
Manxin Zheng ◽  
Wei Cheng ◽  
Yui-yip Lau ◽  
Qingmei Yin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Structure Evolution ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Mass Higher Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Auto Regression ◽  
Industrial Structure Upgrading

In China, the government has made great achievements in mass higher education and intended to promote sustainable economic and social development. However, China still lacks innovation today and is trapped in its low-value-added industrial dilemma. Therefore, this paper aimed to understand how higher education outputs and industrial structure evolution affect each other by analysing evidence from Hubei, China, from 2004 to 2013. This paper quantified higher education outputs into graduate scale, education advancement, and innovation outputs and quantified industrial structure evolution into industrial structure upgrading and industrial structure rationalisation. Next, we applied the Granger causality test, vector auto-regression model, impulse response function, and variance decomposition to explore the causal relationships, response styles, and contribution rates between the indicators. The findings are as follows: (i) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation are the Granger reasons for education advancement, and innovation outputs and graduate scale are the Granger reasons for industrial structure rationalisation; (ii) industrial structure upgrading and rationalisation can promote education advancement both quickly and significantly, however, education advancement, in turn, does not contribute to industrial structure evolution; (iii) though the contribution of innovation outputs to industrial structure rationalisation is hysteretic, it is greater than that of the graduate scale.

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