scholarly journals Invidious Competition Or Benevolence: Does Not-For-Profit Status Constrain The Behavior Of Credit Unions?

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryann O. Keating ◽  
Barry P. Keating
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Original Intent ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
The Common

If one assumes that individuals who work in nonprofit institutions are no better or worse than others and hence operate in their own interest, an organization can be kept on track and be effective only if the incentives given to individuals in the ordinary performance of their duties reflect the original intent of the organization. Sponsors of not-for-profit institutions must take the time and make an effort to hold administrators to an objective function incorporating such goals.A model is presented describing two conflicts facing the managers of credit unions. Providing higher rates to large savers could lower cost and expand deposits but does not particularly conform with the democratic intent of credit union founders. Excluding the less creditworthy in favor of higher returns elsewhere will generate more revenue but also seems inconsistent with the original normative goals of credit unions.A data set for approximately 15,000 credit unions in 1985 is used to measure credit union behavior by size and type. It is argued here that the common bond under which a particular credit union operates acts as a constraint but not a brake on bureaucratic expansionary behavior.

scholarly journals Awards

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno S. Frey ◽  
Susanne Neckermann
Keyword(s):  
Unique Combination ◽  
Data Set ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Unique Data ◽  
Private Organizations ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Nonmonetary Rewards ◽  
Scientific Attention ◽  
Vignette Experiment

Awards in the form of orders, decorations, prizes, and titles are ubiquitous in monarchies and republics, private organizations, not-for-profit, and profit-oriented firms. This paper argues that awards present a unique combination of different stimuli and that they are distinct and unlike other monetary and nonmonetary rewards. Despite their relevance in all areas of life, awards have not received much scientific attention. Employing a unique data set, we demonstrate that there are substantial differences in the frequency of awards across countries. Moreover, we present the results of a vignette experiment that quantifies and isolates the effects of different award characteristics such as the publicity associated with winning an award.

Mortality at For-Profit Versus Not-For-Profit Hemodialysis Centers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 002073142098068
Author(s):  
Samuel Dickman ◽  
Reza Mirza ◽  
Maryam Kandi ◽  
Michael A. Incze ◽  
Lorin Dodbiba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Overlapping Data ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
Dialysis Facilities

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess differences in risk-adjusted mortality rates between for-profit (FP) and not-for-profit (NFP) hemodialysis facilities. We searched 10 databases for studies published between January 2001 to December 2019 that compared mortality at private hemodialysis facilities. We included observational studies directly comparing adjusted mortality rates between FP and NFP private hemodialysis providers in any language or country. We excluded evaluations of dialysis facilities that changed their profit status, studies with overlapping data, and studies that failed to adjust for patient age and some measure of clinical severity. Pairs of reviewers independently screened all titles and abstracts and the full text of potentially eligible studies, abstracted data, and assessed risk of bias, resolving disagreement by discussion. We included nine observational studies of hemodialysis facilities representing 1,163,144 patient-years. In pooled random-effects meta-analysis, the odds ratio of mortality in FP relative to NFP facilities was 1.07 (95% CI 1.04–1.11). Patients at FP hemodialysis facilities have 7 percent greater odds of death annually than patients with similar risk profiles at NFP facilities. Approximately 3,800 excess deaths might be averted annually if U.S. FP hemodialysis operators matched NFP mortality rates.

scholarly journals Does It Matter if Your Health Insurer Is For Profit? Effects of Ownership on Premiums, Insurance Coverage, and Medical Spending

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-265
Author(s):  
Leemore Dafny
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Insurance Coverage ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Medical Spending ◽  
Medicaid Enrollment ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Enrollment Rates ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Blue Shield

There is limited empirical evidence about the impact of for-profit health insurers on various outcomes. I study the effects of conversions to for-profit status by Blue Cross and Blue Shield (BCBS) affiliates in 11 states, spanning 28 geographic markets. I find both the BCBS affiliate and its rivals increased premiums following conversions in markets where the converting affiliate had substantial market share. Medicaid enrollment rates also increased in these markets, a pattern consistent with “crowd in” of families who were formerly privately insured. The results suggest for-profit insurers are likelier than not-for-profit insurers to exercise market power when they possess it. (JEL G22, I13, I18, I38)

Not-for-profit status provides benefits, presents challenges

Eos ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 76 (43) ◽  
pp. 433-433
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Profit Status

scholarly journals Answering the Call to Accessible Quality Health Care for All Using a New Model of Local Community Not-for-Profit Charity Clinics: A Return to Christ-Centered Care of the Past

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-56
Author(s):  
Yuri Cuellar De la Cruz ◽  
Stephen Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
Common Good ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Quality Health Care ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Quality Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
The U.S

This article uses studies and organizational trends to understand available solutions to the lack of quality health care access, especially for the poor and needy of local U.S. communities. The U.S. healthcare system seems to be moving toward the World Health Organization's recommendation for universal health coverage for healthcare sustainability. Healthcare trends and offered solutions are varied. Christian healthcare traditionally implements works of mercy guided by a Christian ethos embracing the teachings of human dignity, solidarity, the common good, and subsidiarity. Culture of Life Ministries is one of many new sustainable U.S. healthcare models which implements Christ-centered health care to meet the need of quality and accessible health care for the local community. Culture of Life Ministries employs a model of charity care through volunteerism. Volunteer workers not only improve but also transform the local healthcare system into a personal healing ministry of the highest quality for every person. Summary The lack of access to quality health care is a common problem in the U.S. despite various solutions offered through legislative and socioeconomic works: universal healthcare models, insurance models, and other business models. U.S. health care would be best transformed by returning to the implementation of a traditional system founded on the Christian principles of human dignity, solidarity, subsidiarity, and the common good. Culture of Life Ministries is an example of such a local ministry in Texas, which has found success in practically applying these Christ-centered, healthcare principles into an emerging not-for-profit, economically sustainable, healthcare model.

scholarly journals Moderating effect of Firm Characteristics in the Financing Diversification – Performance nexus among Credit Unions in Kakamega County, Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 2988-2993
Author(s):  
Jonathan Mwau Mulwa
Keyword(s):  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
System Research ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Management Structure ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Performance

The last two decades has seen a lot of creativity and diversity in the funding strategies pursued by credit unions as a result of financial sector liberalization and competitive pressure in the financial system. Research has shown that this diversification is both beneficial and hurting at the same time. However, firm characteristics have not mostly been factored in the diversification – performance analysis though studies in other sectors underline their importance. This therefore prompted this study to analyze the moderation effect that firm characteristics – specifically age, size, members’ occupation and management structure of credit unions – could have on the relationship between diversification and performance of credit unions in Kenya. The study used a correlation analysis approach on a data set of sixteen credit unions in Kakamega County and found that whereas financing diversification had a significantly positive relationship with credit union performance; credit union size and members’ occupation significantly improved this relationship while age and management structure significant suppressed the relationship.

Who really benefits? Neighborhood credit union’s merger decision

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 736-752
Author(s):  
Gina Grandy ◽  
Daphne Rixon
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Credit Unions ◽  
Credit Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Strategic Fit ◽  
Management Capability ◽  
Merger Process ◽  
Strong Candidate

Synopsis Ben Chang, the CEO of a small credit union, Neighbourhood Credit Union (Neighbourhood), located in Atlantic Canada was evaluating a possible merger with another larger credit union, Pleasantview Credit Union (Pleasantview). Chang and Neighbourhood’s Board of Directors (Board) were interested in a merger that would enhance member benefits via improved technology, innovative delivery channels and a more robust financial planning and wealth management capability. Chang, along with a team of experts, was methodical in seeking out interested credit unions. Pleasantview emerged as a strong candidate from the expression of interest stage. The initial due diligence review was complete, the memorandum of understanding signed and a working group comprised of members from both credit unions formed. Chang, however, was becoming increasingly concerned about the lack of strategic fit between Neighbourhood and Pleasantview. In conversation with the consultant hired to assist with the merger process, Chang was considering recommending to the Board that the merger process with Pleasantview be halted. It was January 2015 and Chang was set to retire in May. Before he retired he wanted a plan in place that ensured increased member benefits, as well one that balanced growth and sustainability for Neighbourhood. Chang was scheduled to meet with the Board in four days. He needed a recommendation that would address the current merger situation, as well as provide other options for Neighbourhood. Research methodology This case is based upon primary and secondary data collection. Formal and follow-up informal interviews were conducted in 2015 with the CEO and “merger” consultant at Neighbourhood Credit Union. Organisational documents and publicly available documents were also consulted. To ensure the confidentiality terms of the merger discussions, the case is disguised with respect to the name and location of the credit unions, the names of the CEO and consultant, as well as the financials. The timeline, process followed, key decision and opinions of the CEO and merger consultant as presented in the case are real. Relevant courses and levels This case is formulated for university undergraduate students in their third or fourth years of study and graduate students. It is appropriate for strategic management and co-operative/not-for-profit management classes intended for a 60–75 min class session.

scholarly journals Trends in Deficiency Citations in Florida Assisted Living Facilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
Hari Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Living ◽  
Care Service ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Assisted Living Facilities ◽  
For Profit ◽  
Not For Profit ◽  
Resident Care ◽  
Service Patterns ◽  
Profit Status ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Despite numerous anecdotal reports of poor quality and residential safety concerns in Assisted Living Facilities (ALFs), there is limited federal oversight of ALFs. Usually, state surveyors conduct inspections of ALFs for compliance with regulations and issue deficiency citations and/or fine non-compliant facilities. Florida is one of the few states that publicly releases inspections data. The aim of this study is to fill the gap in our understanding of ALF quality by examining the trends in deficiency citations in Florida. We obtain data on 1,047 ALFs with 25 or more beds operating in Florida between 2012-2018. We use descriptive methods to examine the trends in citations over time and further stratify by profit status. We also evaluate whether facilities get cited for the same deficiencies repeatedly. Every year, approximately, one third of the facilities were free of any deficiency citations. From 2012 to 2018, fewer facilities were cited for resident care and medication but more facilities were cited for training and staffing. Approximately 45.8% of not-for-profit and 35.1% of for-profit facilities were free of deficiency citations in 2018. A majority of facilities cited for a given deficiency were cited at least once again for that deficiency within the study period. Florida ALFs appear to be improving only in some deficiencies but getting worse in some other deficiencies. Furthermore, repeat citations are common suggesting that facilities fail to improve their care/service patterns to avoid repeat citations. More stringent regulations and stricter enforcements may deter facilities from repeat citations.

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