scholarly journals Cephalometric Evaluation Of The Size And Morphology Of Sella Turcica In Different Types Of Malocclusion Among Romanian Subjects

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Irinel Panainte ◽  
Reka Gyergyay ◽  
Krisztina Martha
Keyword(s):  
Sella Turcica ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Different Types

Introduction: The vertical and sagital position of the maxilla and mandible is influenced by the size and the angulation of the cranial base. Sellae turcica is part of the cranial base. It is located in the middle cranial fossa. Thus, the growth and the development of this bony structure are influenced by neural and general skeletal pattern as well. Cephalometric analysis is an important part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. From numerous cephalometric landmarks, the S- sellae point is commonly used to describe the cranial base. Also, it is used to evaluate other bony structures’ position towards it. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shape and the dimension of the sellae turcica in different types of malocclusions. Materials and Methods: 136 randomly selected lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Also, skeletal and facial pattern was identified and the shape and sagital dimension of the sellae was measured. Results: Statistical analysis presented no significancy regarding sellae’s shape in different types of malocclusion. However, the skeletal class II cases presented the most anarchic sellae shapes. Comparing linear measurements of skeletal length and sellae diameter, we found that the smallest diameter of the sellae appears in class III malocclusions. Thus, other skeletal length presents the lowest mean values also. Statistically significant differences among maxillary, mandibular, and cranial base length and sellae diameter were found in class I malocclusion (p=0.013). Conclusions: Sella morphology appears to have certain correlation with cranial and jaw base length and jaw base relationship in skeletal Class I Romanian population

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cranial Base Morphology of Pakistani Population in Skeletal Class I, II and III Malocclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Faizan Alia ◽  
Rabia Aziz ◽  
Amna Malik ◽  
Hadiqa Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Angular Measurements ◽  
Jaw Position

 Introduction: Cranial Base integrate different patterns of growth in various regions of the skull such as the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, and the pharynx. Anteroposterior jaw position is thought to be affected by cranial base growth. Although scientific literature shows conflicting results regarding both positive and negative correlation between the cranial base and skeletal malocclusions. Materials & Method: 138 patients selected according to the Inclusion criteria were divided into three major categories depending upon ANB angle. Class I, class II group and class III group. Pretreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken. Linear and Angular measurements were measured. All the data was entered in SPSS version 25 and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and by using inferential statistics including Pearson correlation and ANOVA test. Result: No significant differences were recorded between cranial base deflection angles (N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba) and malocclusions groups while Anterior cranial base length S-N was found to be maximum in class III and posterior cranial base length S-Ba was greater in class I. Conclusion: Cranial base angles N-S-Ar and N-S-Ba did not demonstrate any statistically significant correlation with three malocclusion groups i.e. Class I, Class II and Class III and their correlation was negative.

scholarly journals Cranial Base Features in Skeletal Class III Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Proff ◽  
Florian Will ◽  
Ivan Bokan ◽  
Jochen Fanghänel ◽  
Tomas Gedrange
Keyword(s):  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Anterior Cranial Base ◽  
Condylar Displacement ◽  
Mandibular Protrusion

Abstract Objective: To investigate the cranial base configuration in skeletal Class III patients to clarify the conflicting findings from literature. Materials and Methods: Initial lateral radiographs of 54 skeletal Class III patients and 54 matched controls (Class I, II/1, II/2) aged 14 to 24 years were analyzed retrospectively for 21 cephalometric basicranial variables and jaw lengths relative to anterior cranial base length. Results: In contrast to overall cranial base length, the anterior (N-S) and posterior (S-Ba, S-Ar) sections failed to show a significant reduction in Class III patients. The significantly more acute angles Ca-S-Ba and Se-S-Ba reflected increased cranial base flexure. Resulting anterior condylar displacement was shown by significant reduction of Se-S-Cd and Ar-Ca. Relative mandibular length was significantly increased. Conclusions: Decreased basicranial angulation associated with Class III mandibular protrusion was clearly confirmed for skeletal Class III patients. Overall shortening of the cranial base apparently resulted from various minor alterations. The results are compatible with the deficient orthocephalization hypothesis of Class III morphogenesis. The basicranial-maxillary relationship in skeletal Class III remains unclear.

scholarly journals Evaluation and Correlation of Beta Angle with Wits Appraisal and ANB Angle in Various Skeletal Malocclusion Groups—A Cephalometric Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep K. Bhullar ◽  
Arun K. Thakur ◽  
Sanjay Mittal ◽  
Isha Aggarwal ◽  
Tanzin Palkit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Class I ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Beta Angle

Abstract Introduction Sagittal skeletal discrepancies are frequently assessed by Wits appraisal and point A–Nasion–point B (ANB) angle. These angular and linear measurements depend upon various factors and sometime produced inaccurate results. Beta angle has been introduced recently and possesses significant advantage over ANB and Wits appraisal, because it is independent of cranial landmarks and dental occlusion. Aim To evaluate and correlate beta angle in various skeletal malocclusions and its correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle. Material and Methods The present study was carried out in Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 63 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (23 skeletal class I, 20 skeletal class II, and 20 skeletal class III) of patients aged between 14 to 25 years were included. Various landmarks and planes were identified and marked. Values of Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and beta angle were recorded. Comparisons of group were made with the chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to see relation between different values. Results Values of correlation coefficient of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle were –0.645 and –0.815, respectively. Conclusion Overall beta angle showed strong correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle, however correlation of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle among various skeletal malocclusion groups (skeletal class I, II, and III) was not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Anatomical characteristics of mandibular bone in skeletal Class I, II and III patients by using cone beam computed tomography images in an iranian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Zandi ◽  
Abbas Shokri ◽  
Vahid Mollabashi ◽  
Zahed Eghdami ◽  
Payam Amini
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Anatomical Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Ramus Height

Objetive: This study aimed to compare the anatomical characteristics of the mandible in patients with skeletal class I, II and class III disorders using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and Methods: CBCT scans of patients between 17 to 40 years taken with NewTom 3G CBCT system with 12-inch field of view (FOV) were selected from the archive. Lateral cephalograms were obtained from CBCT scans of patients, and type of skeletal malocclusion was determined (Class I, II or III). All CBCT scans were evaluated in the sagittal, coronal and axial planes using the N.N.T viewer software. Results: The ramus height and distance from the mandibular foramen to the sigmoid notch in class II patients were significantly different from those in skeletal class I (P < 0.005). Distance from the mandibular canal to the anterior border of ramus in class III individuals was significantly different from that in skeletal class I individuals (P < .005). Conclusion: Length of the body of mandible in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II and III patients. Also, ramus height in skeletal class I was significantly different from that in skeletal class II patients. CBCT had high efficacy for accurate identification of anatomical landmarks.   Keywords Prognathism; Retrognathism; Mandible; Anatomy; Cone beam computed tomography.

scholarly journals Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: A meta-analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aixiu Gong ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Zhendong Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Fang Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Cranial Base ◽  
Class I ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Base Length ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Class Iii Malocclusion ◽  
Base Angle ◽  
Statistical Heterogeneity

ABSTRACT Objective:  To investigate cranial base characteristics in malocclusions with sagittal discrepancies. Materials and Methods:  An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. Results:  Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. Class III malocclusion demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: −1.74, −0.53; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −3.30, −2.09; P &lt; .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: −3.33, −1.36; P &lt; .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: −7.38, −4.05; P &lt; .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II patients showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I patients (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P &lt; .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P &lt; .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: −3.14, −0.93; P &lt; .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: −2.73, −0.68; P  =  .001 for NSAr) and Class II malocclusions (95% CI: −5.73, −1.06; P  =  .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: −6.11, −1.92; P &lt; .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I malocclusions (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P &lt; .001 for NSBa). Conclusions:  This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in Class III malocclusion than in Class I and Class II malocclusions, and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.

scholarly journals Distribution of Pediatric Malocclusion Patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Sophia Rhee ◽  
Ji-Soo Song ◽  
Teo Jeon Shin ◽  
Young-Jae Kim ◽  
Jung-Wook Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Therapeutic Decisions ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
National University ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Seoul National University

A total of 580 patients, who visited and received an orthodontic diagnosis in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 2017 to 2019, were investigated in this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate skeletal patterns of pediatric orthodontic patients determined with lateral cephalometric analysis and to analyze the relationship between skeletal pattern and probable associated clinical features. Also, the modality of orthodontic treatment for each skeletal classification was investigated to aid in therapeutic decisions.<br/>Patients aged 7 year accounted for the largest age group; 54.2% of patients showed a skeletal class I pattern, 22.2% showed a skeletal class II pattern, and 23.6% showed a skeletal class III pattern. Bi-maxillary retrusion for skeletal class I, retruded mandible with normal positioning of the maxilla for skeletal class II, and retrusion of the maxilla with protrusion of the mandible for skeletal class III were the largest subgroups by skeletal pattern. Brachyfacial type accounted for 55.0% of patients, followed by 31.9% of mesofacial type and 13.1% of dolichofacial type. The prevalence of anterior crossbite in the study was 43.3%, higher than that in previous studies.

scholarly journals Rotation of the upper first molar in Class I, II, and III patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 059-063
Author(s):  
Cristiane de Oliveira Viganó ◽  
Viviane Ekerman da Rocha ◽  
Laerte Ribeiro Menezes Junior ◽  
Luiz Renato Paranhos ◽  
Adilson Luiz Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Rotation Angle ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Upper Molar ◽  
Line Crossing

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mean rotation of the upper first molar (U1st M) in cast models from nontreated patients presenting: Class I, skeletal Class II, dental Class II, and skeletal Class III, comparing with Class I orthodontically treated patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred cast models were evaluated with five groups, composed of nontreated Class I (n = 20), dental Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class II (n = 20), skeletal Class III (n = 20), and treated Class I (n = 20). Measurements were taken from photocopies of the upper arches. The angle formed between a line crossing the mesiopalatal and the distal-buccalcusps of the U1st M and a line traced on mid palatal junction were measured in all samples. Results: One-way variance analysis showed that dental Class II group presented great mean rotation of the 1st molar (x = 78.95°, SD = 6.19) (P < 0.05), and in 85% of the patients from this group this angle was higher than 73°. Conclusions: The skeletal Class II and skeletal Class III groups showed similar mean position of the 1st molar, presenting rotation in approximately 50% of the patients. It can be concluded that upper molar rotation occurs mainly in dental Class II patients and shows higher mesial rotation angle.

scholarly journals Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kale ◽  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class

Abstract The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41 ± 2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 angular measurements, and 5 volume measurements were made using the 3dMD Vultus software. The significance was determined to be p < 0.05 in ANOVA, Tukey tests. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). The skeletal Class I control group had a significantly more extended upper lip and vermillion length as compared to the Class III groups. The soft tissue convexity angle and upper nasal angle were found to be wider in the Class III malocclusion group compared to those in the Class I control group. While the pseudo-Class III group had a significantly lower midface volume, chin volume was significantly higher in the skeletal class group. Upper lip volume was significantly higher in the Class I group. Using 3dMD for guiding clinicians in the differential soft and hard tissue diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusions, differences were revealed in Class I patients in the middle part of the face. In the differential diagnosis of true Class III malocclusions, chin volume was found to be different from that of Class I patients.

Quantitation of Mandibular Symphysis Bone as Source of Bone Grafting: Description in Class I and Class III Skeletal Conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Velásquez ◽  
Sergio Olate ◽  
César Díaz ◽  
Pablo Navarro ◽  
Eduardo Borie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Cancellous Bone ◽  
Class I ◽  
Dental Occlusion ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Average Width ◽  
Mandibular Symphysis ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Significant Difference

The aim of this study was to quantify the cortical and cancellous bone in the mandibular symphysis and relate it to the teeth and to the skeletal class. A descriptive study was conducted using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Class I and class III subjects were included, defined according to dental occlusion and cephalogram results. Linear measurements were taken on the CBCT of the mandibular canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors, where the analysis was related to the axial and apical axes considering the bone in relation to the dental area. With previous definitions, an observer took 2 measurements of the height of the mandibular symphysis, cortical bone of the buccal and lower region, and thickness of cancellous bone at different levels; the correlation coefficient between the first and second measurement was 0.99 and presented P = .001. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test, with P &lt; .05 being statistically significant. The symphysis height was significantly greater in class III subjects. The cortical bone was an average 1.67 ± 0.44 mm in vertical distance in the skeletal class I group and 1.74 ± 0.47 mm in the class III group. The cancellous bone had an average width of 5.03 ± 1.94 mm in the skeletal class I group and 4.74 ± 2.05 mm in the class III group. It was observed that cancellous bone was significantly thicker at the incisor level than at the canine level. There were anatomical differences between skeletal class I and class III subjects, although the clinical significance may be questionable. With the values from these analyses, it may be concluded that there are no significant differences in quantitation of the cortical and cancellous bone in the anterior mandibular symphysis.

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