Quantitation of Mandibular Symphysis Bone as Source of Bone Grafting: Description in Class I and Class III Skeletal Conditions

The aim of this study was to quantify the cortical and cancellous bone in the mandibular symphysis and relate it to the teeth and to the skeletal class. A descriptive study was conducted using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT). Class I and class III subjects were included, defined according to dental occlusion and cephalogram results. Linear measurements were taken on the CBCT of the mandibular canines, lateral incisors, and central incisors, where the analysis was related to the axial and apical axes considering the bone in relation to the dental area. With previous definitions, an observer took 2 measurements of the height of the mandibular symphysis, cortical bone of the buccal and lower region, and thickness of cancellous bone at different levels; the correlation coefficient between the first and second measurement was 0.99 and presented P = .001. The results were analyzed with analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test, with P < .05 being statistically significant. The symphysis height was significantly greater in class III subjects. The cortical bone was an average 1.67 ± 0.44 mm in vertical distance in the skeletal class I group and 1.74 ± 0.47 mm in the class III group. The cancellous bone had an average width of 5.03 ± 1.94 mm in the skeletal class I group and 4.74 ± 2.05 mm in the class III group. It was observed that cancellous bone was significantly thicker at the incisor level than at the canine level. There were anatomical differences between skeletal class I and class III subjects, although the clinical significance may be questionable. With the values from these analyses, it may be concluded that there are no significant differences in quantitation of the cortical and cancellous bone in the anterior mandibular symphysis.

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Evaluation and Correlation of Beta Angle with Wits Appraisal and ANB Angle in Various Skeletal Malocclusion Groups—A Cephalometric Study

Dental Journal of Advance Studies ◽

10.1055/s-0041-1731923 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mandeep K. Bhullar ◽

Arun K. Thakur ◽

Sanjay Mittal ◽

Isha Aggarwal ◽

Tanzin Palkit ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Class I ◽

Dental Occlusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Malocclusion ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Lateral Cephalograms ◽

Beta Angle

Abstract Introduction Sagittal skeletal discrepancies are frequently assessed by Wits appraisal and point A–Nasion–point B (ANB) angle. These angular and linear measurements depend upon various factors and sometime produced inaccurate results. Beta angle has been introduced recently and possesses significant advantage over ANB and Wits appraisal, because it is independent of cranial landmarks and dental occlusion. Aim To evaluate and correlate beta angle in various skeletal malocclusions and its correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle. Material and Methods The present study was carried out in Bhojia Dental College and Hospital, Baddi, Himachal Pradesh, India. A total of 63 pretreatment lateral cephalograms (23 skeletal class I, 20 skeletal class II, and 20 skeletal class III) of patients aged between 14 to 25 years were included. Various landmarks and planes were identified and marked. Values of Wits appraisal, ANB angle, and beta angle were recorded. Comparisons of group were made with the chi-square test. Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to see relation between different values. Results Values of correlation coefficient of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle were –0.645 and –0.815, respectively. Conclusion Overall beta angle showed strong correlation with Wits appraisal and ANB angle, however correlation of beta angle with Wits appraisal and ANB angle among various skeletal malocclusion groups (skeletal class I, II, and III) was not statistically significant.

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3D CBCT Evaluation of Condyle Position in Skeletal Class I & Class III Growing Subjects

Orthodontic Journal of Nepal ◽

10.3126/ojn.v7i2.20153 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 9-14

Author(s):

Rajiv Kumar Mishra ◽

Om Prakash Kharbanda ◽

Rajiv Balachandran

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

T Test ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Condyle Position ◽

Condylar Position ◽

And Function ◽

Cbct Analysis

Introduction: Evaluation of temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) anatomy and function is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It has been hypothesized that dental and skeletal malocclusions alter the functional loading of TMJ which can affect joint morphology.Objective: Three dimensional (3D) evaluation of condylar position using CBCT in skeletal Class I and Class III growing subjects.Materials & Method: CBCT images of ten growing skeletal Class I & ten Class III patients in the age range of 7-14 years were analyzed. 3D condylar position were evaluated representing antero-posterior, vertical, laterolateral position of condyle, axial condylar angle and coronal condylar angles which were measured in axial, coronal and sagittal sections using Dolphin Imaging software. Antero-posterior and vertical difference of right and left condyle were measured in axial and coronal sections respectively.Result: Paired t-Test revealed no significant difference between right and left sides of condyle in skeletal Class I as well as Class III subjects. Independent t-test and Mann-Whitney U test showed no significant difference between position of condyle in ClassI and Class III subjects.Conclusion: 3D CBCT analysis shows no significant difference in condylar position of skeletal Class I and Class III subjects.

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Evaluation of horizontal condylar angle in malocclusions with mandibular lateral displacement using cone-beam computed tomography

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/012621-76.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Roberto L. Velásquez ◽

Jorge C. Coro ◽

José M. Bustillo ◽

Sadao Sato

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Lateral Displacement ◽

Class Ii ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Class I ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate the horizontal condylar angle (HCA) in mandibular lateral displacement (MLD). Materials and Method s: HCA in MLD malocclusions were examined using cone-beam computed tomography data in subjects with MLD and control subjects. Results HCA in joints of control patients and contralateral side joints of MLD patients were not significantly different. The mean HCA on the shifted side was larger than on the contralateral side (P < .001) in the different HCA groups. HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side in skeletal Class I, Class II, and Class III groups (P < .001). Conclusions (1) There was no statistically significant difference between HCA in control patients and on the contralateral side in MLD patients. (2) HCA was significantly larger on the shifted side than on the contralateral side. (3) HCA on the shifted side and the contralateral side in MLD Class I, Class II, and Class III are significantly different.

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Cephalometric Evaluation Of The Size And Morphology Of Sella Turcica In Different Types Of Malocclusion Among Romanian Subjects

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n21p1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (21) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Irinel Panainte ◽

Reka Gyergyay ◽

Krisztina Martha

Keyword(s):

Sella Turcica ◽

Cranial Base ◽

Class I ◽

Base Length ◽

Class Iii ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Mean Values ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Skeletal Class Ii ◽

Different Types

Introduction: The vertical and sagital position of the maxilla and mandible is influenced by the size and the angulation of the cranial base. Sellae turcica is part of the cranial base. It is located in the middle cranial fossa. Thus, the growth and the development of this bony structure are influenced by neural and general skeletal pattern as well. Cephalometric analysis is an important part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. From numerous cephalometric landmarks, the S- sellae point is commonly used to describe the cranial base. Also, it is used to evaluate other bony structures’ position towards it. Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the shape and the dimension of the sellae turcica in different types of malocclusions. Materials and Methods: 136 randomly selected lateral cephalometric radiographs were analyzed. Also, skeletal and facial pattern was identified and the shape and sagital dimension of the sellae was measured. Results: Statistical analysis presented no significancy regarding sellae’s shape in different types of malocclusion. However, the skeletal class II cases presented the most anarchic sellae shapes. Comparing linear measurements of skeletal length and sellae diameter, we found that the smallest diameter of the sellae appears in class III malocclusions. Thus, other skeletal length presents the lowest mean values also. Statistically significant differences among maxillary, mandibular, and cranial base length and sellae diameter were found in class I malocclusion (p=0.013). Conclusions: Sella morphology appears to have certain correlation with cranial and jaw base length and jaw base relationship in skeletal Class I Romanian population

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Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71772-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Burak Kale ◽

Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Middle Part ◽

Class I ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

Upper Lip ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Skeletal Class

Abstract The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41 ± 2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 angular measurements, and 5 volume measurements were made using the 3dMD Vultus software. The significance was determined to be p < 0.05 in ANOVA, Tukey tests. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). The skeletal Class I control group had a significantly more extended upper lip and vermillion length as compared to the Class III groups. The soft tissue convexity angle and upper nasal angle were found to be wider in the Class III malocclusion group compared to those in the Class I control group. While the pseudo-Class III group had a significantly lower midface volume, chin volume was significantly higher in the skeletal class group. Upper lip volume was significantly higher in the Class I group. Using 3dMD for guiding clinicians in the differential soft and hard tissue diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusions, differences were revealed in Class I patients in the middle part of the face. In the differential diagnosis of true Class III malocclusions, chin volume was found to be different from that of Class I patients.

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Treatment outcomes of the various force applications in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion:

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/090320-768.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Li-In Lim ◽

Jin-Young Choi ◽

Hyo-Won Ahn ◽

Seong-Hun Kim ◽

Kyu-Rhim Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Force ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Mandibular Incisor ◽

Lower Incisor ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Force Application ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives To evaluate skeletal, dentoalveolar, and soft tissue changes between intraoral light force application and extraoral heavy force application in growing patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalometric data from 50 subjects with skeletal Class III malocclusion. In the first group (15 boys, 10 girls; 8.67 ± 2.13 years old), each subject wore a biocreative horseshoe appliance (CHS) with two Class III elastics that exerted a force of 200 g. In the second group (13 boys, 12 girls; 8.96 ± 1.82 years old), each subject wore a Petit-type facemask and a lingual arch with hooks fixed to the maxillary arch with a total force of 700 g. Both groups of patients were instructed to wear the appliance approximately 14 hours a day, and 22 linear measurements and 8 angular measurements were evaluated. Changes of measurements from each group were compared by paired t-tests, considering a 5% significance level. Results Forward growth of the maxilla, improvement of the maxilla–mandible relationship, and upper incisor flaring were achieved in both groups without any statistically significant difference between them. Lateral cephalometric analysis also showed that U1 exposure, IMPA (Angle between mandibular plane and mandibular incisor axis), FMIA (Angle between FH plan and mandibular incisor axis), and L1-APog (Angle formed by the intersection of tooth axis of lower incisor and A-Pog line, Distance from lower incisor edge to A-Pog line) showed statistically significant differences. Lower incisors were inclined lingually in the CHS group. Conclusions During treatment of skeletal Class III malocclusion, the CHS with light Class III intermaxillary elastics therapy exhibits similar orthopedic changes to the maxillary complex and more dental changes to the lower anterior teeth compared with facemask therapy.

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Cephalometric assessment of maxillary length in Serbian children with skeletal class III

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp110224042s ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (7) ◽

pp. 645-652 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Zdenka Stojanovic ◽

Predrag Nikolic ◽

Angelina Nikodijevic ◽

Jasmina Milic ◽

Branislav Stojanovic

Keyword(s):

Cranial Base ◽

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class I ◽

Control Group ◽

Class Iii ◽

X Ray ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Jaw Bones ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A

Background/Aim. Malocclusion of skeletal class III is a complex irregularity of sagittal inter-jaw relationship, which is due to irregularities of sagittal position of one or both of the jaw bones, which is often associated with disproportionate ratio of their length. The aim of this study was to determine whether the length of the jaw of children with skeletal class III in the period of mixed dentition was changed. Methods. Fifty children with skeletal class III and the same number of those with skeletal class I, of both sexes, have been selected on the basis of cephalometric analysis of profile tele-x-ray of the head. All the children aged 6-12 had mixed dentition, and were divided according to sex and age into three subgroups within each group. The length of maxilla, mandible and cranial base were measured. Proportions among the lengths measured within each group were found and difference significance in the measured lengths and their proportions among groups and subgroups were evaluated. Results. The children with skeletal class III, compared with the findings in the control group, had significantly lower values of maxillary length, total maxillary length, as well as lower values of their lengths in proportion to lengths of the front or the total length of cranial base and in proportion to mandibular lengths (p < 0.05). Among the patients of different sexes, both in the test and the control group, a significant difference in the values of the measured lengths was found. Conclusion. The children with skeletal class III have significantly shorter maxilla than those with skeletal class I.

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CBCT Analysis of Changes in Dental Occlusion and Temporomandibular Joints before and after MEAW Orthotherapy in Patients with Nonlow Angle of Skeletal Class III

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/7238263 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Yi Guo ◽

Xinrui Qiao ◽

Shiyu Yao ◽

Tiancheng Li ◽

Nan Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dental Occlusion ◽

Class Iii ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Institutional Ethics ◽

Temporomandibular Joints ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Mandibular Teeth ◽

Cbct Analysis ◽

Medical University

This study focus on the changes of the position and morphology of jaw and condyle after MEAW (the multiloop edgewise arch wire) treatment in adults with a nonlow angle (mean angle or high angle SN−MP>27°) of skeletal class III (mild to moderate skeletal classs III means −5°<ANB<0°) malocclusions measured by CBCT (cone beam computed tomography). Twenty adult patients (aged 17-26) with a nonlow angle of skeletal class III malocclusions were selected in this study taken orthodontic treatment by MEAW. CBCT was taken before and after the treatment to analyze the changes of the jaw and condyle. After treatment, the angle of L7-MP decreased 12.2°, L6-MP decreased 10.5°, L1-MP decreased 8.8° (P<0.001 for each) and U1-SN increased (P<0.05). There was no significant changes between anterior and posterior APDI index and between anterior and posterior spaces of the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) (P>0.05). The linear ratio of the TMJ was the LR>12 before treatment, while it was −12<LR<12 after treatment; however, there was no statistically significant difference between them (P>0.05). There was also no significant change in anterior and posterior position and morphology of the condyle within the joint fossa after the treatment by MEAW in this study. MEAW technology in correcting the class III with nonlow angle patients mainly relies on the compensation of distally and posterior mandibular teeth, rather than the mandible and condyle moving backward to establish a neutral occlusal. This study was approved by the institutional ethics committee of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University (No. KYJJ2013002).

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Morphometric analysis of sella turcica in growing patients: an observational study on shape and dimensions in different sagittal craniofacial patterns

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-55916-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Michele Tepedino ◽

Michele Laurenziello ◽

Laura Guida ◽

Graziano Montaruli ◽

Giuseppe Troiano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Sella Turcica ◽

Class Ii ◽

Canonical Variate Analysis ◽

Class I ◽

Canonical Variate ◽

Class Iii ◽

Linear Measurements ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Variate Analysis

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in sella dimensions and shape between growing patients with Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal malocclusions, evaluated through morphometric analysis. Seventy-eight subjects aged between 9 and 13 years were selected and assigned to either the Class I, Class II, or Class III groups according to the measured ANB angle (the angle between the Nasion, skeletal A-point and skeletal B-point). Six landmarks were digitised to outline the shape of the sella turcica. Linear measurements of the sella length and depth were also performed. Procrustes superimposition, principal component analysis, and canonical variate analysis were used to evaluate the differences in sella shape between the three groups. A one-way MANOVA and Tukey’s or Games-Howell tests were used to evaluate the presence of differences in sella dimensions between the three groups, gender, and age. The canonical variate analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in sella shape between the Class I and the Class II groups, mostly explained by the CV1 axis and related to the posterior clinoidal process and the floor of the sella. No differences were found regarding linear measurements, except between subjects with different age. These differences in sella shape, that are present in the earlier developmental stages, could be used as a predictor of facial growth, but further studies are needed.

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Vertical facial disproportions in children with Class III malocclusion

Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo ◽

10.2298/sarh180319041s ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (3-4) ◽

pp. 152-159

Author(s):

Zdenka Stojanovic ◽

Jasmina Milic ◽

Verica Pavlic

Keyword(s):

Mixed Dentition ◽

Class I ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Gender Dimorphism ◽

Early Therapy ◽

Skeletal Class ◽

Facial Height ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Introduction/Objective. Class III malocclusion is a sagittal intermaxillary disproportion with dominant presence of mandible. Apart from primary sagittal, anomalies in vertical face dimension can also be present. The aim of this study is to evaluate vertical facial disproportions in the skeletal Class III malocclusion in stage of mixed dentition, in order to better plan its early therapy. Methods. In total 100 children were randomly selected and divided according to cephalometric analyzes in the two equal groups: Group 1 (experimental group) ? skeletal Class III malocclusion (n = 50) and Group 2 (control group) ? skeletal Class I (n = 50). The groups were further divided into three subgroups according to the age and gender of the children. Vertical craniofacial proportions were measured by anterior (upper, lower and total) and posterior facial height and their proportion. The values were statistically analyzed (p ? 0.05). Results. Upper anterior, lower anterior, total anterior and posterior facial height, proportion between lower and total anterior facial height, and proportion of posterior to total anterior facial height did not have a significant difference among children with Class I and Class III malocclusions. Upper anterior facial height proportional to total anterior facial height was statistically significant greater in experimental group when compared to control. Significant gender dimorphism was noted among the same subgroups. Conclusion. Vertical craniofacial proportions in children with Class III malocclusion in stage of mixed dentition was not significantly changed. This finding leaves room for the successful application of early, individually planned orthodontic therapy.

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