Contribution A L’etude De La Biologie Florale De Quelques Rosacees Cultivees De La Region De Constantine (Algerie)

Angiosperms largely dominated the current terrestrial flora, with more than 275,000 species already identified (Meyer et al., 2008). Several major characteristics associated with sexual reproduction distinguish this group of plants, making this the most advanced subphylum Phanerogams(Robert et al., 1998). A quick review of flora reveals the wide variety of shapes and floral structures in different families of angiosperms. This diversity is the basis of the key determination and classification or systematic of flowering plants. Rosaceae that constitute our subject of study have a constant organization and regular flower type 5: 5 sepals, 5 petals, many stamens, one or more carpels. In our work we investigated a few dominant species cultivated in our study area such as: Cydonia oblonga Mill., Eriobotrya japonica Thun., Malus domestica Borkh., Prunus domestica L., Prunus dulcis Mill., Prunus persica L., Pyrus communis L. After collecting flowers and extraction of pollen grains, observations with binocular and light microscope there emerges a diversity materialized ia in: - Flower color; - The presence or absence of fuzz around the reproductive organs that are protected temperatures decreases. This allows for example medlar and almond reproduce during cold periods of the year (December, January, February).

Download Full-text

A review ethnopharmacology of Rosaceae fruit species

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8596 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e3409108596

Author(s):

Letícia Barela Barbosa ◽

Camila Palma Nunes ◽

Joice Karina Otênio ◽

Rosselyn Gimenes Baisch ◽

Heris Lorenzi dos Santos Perfeito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Fragaria Vesca ◽

Scientific Journals ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Scientific Investigations ◽

Fruit Species ◽

Rosaceae Species ◽

Effective Use ◽

Phytochemical Studies

This study aims to carry out a bibliographic survey on ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological and pharmacological information on Rosaceae species. The species addressed were Eriobotrya japonica (yellow-plum), Fragaria vesca (strawberry), Malus domestica (apple), Prunus domestica (plum), Prunus persica (peach), Pyrus communis (pear) and Rubus brasiliensis (raspberry) grown in the garden Medicinal of Universidade Paranaense (UNIPAR) - Campus 2. For this study, the databases were taken from national and international scientific journals without restriction of year of publication. As a result, a category of use was identified, part used, form of preparation, popular use, pharmacological and phytochemical studies for each species. Thus, it is observed that all fruit species are popularly used a medicinal, with records of ethnopharmacological, pharmacological and phytochemical studies. Medicinal plants are very widespread and used, being considered as an important therapeutic resource. However, despite the pharmacological records found, new scientific investigations are still needed to ensure the safer and more effective use of these species by the population.

Download Full-text

Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

IMI Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria ◽

10.1079/dfb/20056400287 ◽

1971 ◽

Author(s):

G. F. Laundon

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Exact Distribution ◽

Stone Fruit ◽

Stone Fruits ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Prunus Amygdalus ◽

Disease Cycle

Abstract A description is provided for Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae var. discolor. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Pycnia and aecia systemic on Anemone coronaria (florists' anemone), uredia and telia on Prunus sp., especially on Prunus amygdalus[Prunus dulcis] (almond), Prunus armeniaca (apricot), Prunus domestica (plum) and Prunus persica (peach). DISEASE: Peach rust; rust of stone fruit. Rust of florists' anemone. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Appears to be cosmopolitan but exact distribution often uncertain owing to confusion with var. pruni-spinosae (CMI Map 223 ed. 2). TRANSMISSION: In many areas the rust overwinters on the twigs (8: 451; 10: 470; 16: 108; 19: 418; 23: 262; 25: 347; 38: 153; 40: 116; 46, 377) or overwintering leaves (19: 418; 23: 492) from which urediospores are blown in the spring. Conditions affecting germination of urediospores and teliospores have been studied (10: 470; 18: 322; 20: 215; 38: 705). In only a few areas are aeciospores on Anemone thought to be important in the disease cycle on stone fruits (4: 420; 22: 29; 26: 113; 35: 108; 38: 369).

Download Full-text

Host suitability analysis of the bark beetle Scolytus amygdali (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485315000176 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 105 (4) ◽

pp. 434-440

Author(s):

A. Zeiri ◽

M.Z. Ahmed ◽

M. Braham ◽

B.-L. Qiu

Keyword(s):

Development Time ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Insect Pest ◽

Reproductive Potential ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Prunus Armeniaca ◽

Suitability Analysis ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Polyphagous Insect

AbstractScolytus amygdali is a polyphagous insect pest that feeds on fruit trees and forest trees. Our study assessed the host preference and reproductive potential of S. amygdali on four tree species: almond (Prunus dulcis), apricot (Prunus armeniaca), peach (Prunus persica), and plum (Prunus domestica). Females of S. amygdali produced maternal galleries that were longer on peach than the other three trees, and female fecundity was highest on peach. Females with longer maternal galleries produced more eggs, indicating a positive correlation between maternal gallery length and female fertility. The under-bark development time of S. amygdali is significantly shorter on plum (45 days) and almond (56 days) than on apricot (65 days) and peach (64 days). Despite this longer development time on peach, our results still suggest that, of the four types of tree tested, peach is the most preferred host for S. amygdali.

Download Full-text

Novel Peach Flower Types in a Segregating Population from ‘Helen Borchers’

Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science ◽

10.21273/jashs.140.2.172 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 140 (2) ◽

pp. 172-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chunxian Chen ◽

William R. Okie

Keyword(s):

Prunus Persica ◽

Flower Color ◽

Microsatellite Analysis ◽

Developmental Differences ◽

The Novel ◽

Yellow Flower ◽

Flower Petal ◽

Wide Range ◽

Flower Type ◽

Segregating Population

Several new peach (Prunus persica) flower types were discovered in an F2 segregating population from an open-pollinated, non-showy-flowered F1 seedling of ‘Helen Borchers’, a double-flowered ornamental cultivar. The novel flower types were white and red single-flowered, non-showy blooms, as well as double-flowered, non-showy red, pink, white, and yellow phenotypes. The double, non-showy flowers were very attractive, and resembled pom-pom chrysanthemums. Yellow flower color is unknown in peach. Flower type in the F2 family segregated ≈3:1 for non-showy (Sh_) vs. showy (shsh), for anthocyanin-present vs. anthocyanin-absent, and for pink (R_) vs. red (rr), independently. Flower petal number segregated at about 9:3:4 for classes single:semi-double:double. Although both parents were late flowering, the F1 was not. The F2 seedlings showed a wide range in time of flowering. Higher petal number was correlated with later bloom, although it is unclear whether this is due to linkage or developmental differences in the flowers with extra petals. These novel flower types might be useful as ornamentals, and for use in genetics and breeding studies. Microsatellite analysis of possible pollen donors revealed that ‘Oldmixon Free’, a non-showy-flowered peach cultivar, was likely the pollen parent of the F1.

Download Full-text

Laboratory Exercise on the Segregation of Flower Color and Related Genes Using Salpiglossis sinuata

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.555b ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 555b-555

Author(s):

Chiwon W. Lee

Keyword(s):

Phenotypic Expression ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Flower Color ◽

Segregation Ratio ◽

Crop Breeding ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Pigmentation Pattern ◽

Laboratory Exercise ◽

Demonstration Plant ◽

Corolla Color

Velvet flower (Salpiglossis sinuata, Solanaceae) can be used as an excellent demonstration plant for horticultural crop breeding classes. Salpiglossis produces large trumpet-like flowers exhibiting an assortment of corolla color and pigmentation pattern. The pistil is large (3 to 4 cm long) with a sticky stigmatal tip and anthers can be easily emasculated prior to anthesis. The large pollen grains are shed in tetrads, which can be separated and individually placed on the stigma. It takes 8 to 9 weeks from seeding to blooming, with a prolific flowering cycle repeated in flushes. Numerous seeds (about 750/capsule) are obtained in 3 weeks after self- or cross-pollination. The influences of three genes that control flower color and pigmentation pattern can be conveniently demonstrated with their dominant and recessive alleles. The R gene controls flower color with red (RR or Rr) being dominant over yellow (rr) flower color. The D gene controls the density of pigmentation with solid (DD or Dd) color being dominant over dilute (dd) color. Corolla color striping is controlled by the St gene with striped (stst) being recessive to non-striped (StSt or Stst) pattern. For example, by using diploid lines of genotypes RRDD (red, solid), RRdd (red, dilute), or rrdd (yellow, dilute) and their crosses, students can easily learn a dominant phenotypic expression in the F1 hybrid and the digenic 9:3:3:1 segregation ratio in the F2 progeny. Another gene (C) that controls flower opening can also be used to show its influence on cleistogamous (closed, self-pollinated, CC or Cc) versus normal chasmogamous (open-pollinated, cc) corolla development. In addition, the induction and use of polyploid (4X, 3X) plants in plant breeding can be effectively demonstrated using this species.

Download Full-text

Effects of Rootstock and Budding Height on Bacterial Canker in French Prune

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.2002.86.5.543 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 86 (5) ◽

pp. 543-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

R. J. Sayler ◽

S. M. Southwick ◽

J. T. Yeager ◽

K. Glozer ◽

E. L. Little ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tree Mortality ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Field Trials ◽

Bacterial Canker ◽

Prunus Domestica ◽

Severity Of Disease ◽

Prunus Cerasifera ◽

Disease Pressure

Bacterial canker is one of the most economically important diseases of stone fruit trees, including ‘French’ prune (Prunus domestica). Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effect of rootstock selection and budding height on the incidence and severity of bacterial canker in four orchards with low to high disease pressure. Treatments included French prune scions low-grafted on ‘Lovell’ peach (Prunus persica) rootstocks as well as Myrobalan 29C (Prunus cerasifera) plum rootstocks grafted at 15, 50, and 90 cm above the rootstock crown. Another treatment consisted of growing Myrobalan 29C plum rootstocks in the field for one growing season, then field-grafting French prune buds onto rootstock scaffolds. Lovell peach rootstock provided the greatest protection from bacterial canker as measured by disease incidence and tree mortality in all orchards. Field-budded rootstocks and rootstocks grafted at the highest budding height provided moderate levels of resistance to bacterial canker. These treatments reduced the incidence but not the severity of disease.

Download Full-text

DNA Methylation Analysis of Dormancy Release in Almond (Prunus dulcis) Flower Buds Using Epi-Genotyping by Sequencing

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms19113542 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 3542 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ángela Prudencio ◽

Olaf Werner ◽

Pedro Martínez-García ◽

Federico Dicenta ◽

Rosa Ros ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Methylation ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Prolonged Exposure ◽

Genotyping By Sequencing ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Dormancy Release ◽

Release Process ◽

Cold Temperatures ◽

Reduced Representation

DNA methylation and histone post-translational modifications have been described as epigenetic regulation mechanisms involved in developmental transitions in plants, including seasonal changes in fruit trees. In species like almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A: Webb), prolonged exposure to cold temperatures is required for dormancy release and flowering. Aiming to identify genomic regions with differential methylation states in response to chill accumulation, we carried out Illumina reduced-representation genome sequencing on bisulfite-treated DNA from floral buds. To do this, we analyzed almond genotypes with different chilling requirements and flowering times both before and after dormancy release for two consecutive years. The study was performed using epi-Genotyping by Sequencing (epi-GBS). A total of 7317 fragments were sequenced and the samples compared. Out of these fragments, 677 were identified as differentially methylated between the almond genotypes. Mapping these fragments using the Prunus persica (L.) Batsch v.2 genome as reference provided information about coding regions linked to early and late flowering methylation markers. Additionally, the methylation state of ten gene-coding sequences was found to be linked to the dormancy release process.

Download Full-text

Monilinia fructicola. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20103096736 ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

South Carolina ◽

Rhode Island ◽

Prince Edward Island ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

New Caledonia ◽

South Australia ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Eriobotrya Japonica ◽

Monilinia Fructicola ◽

Distribution Map

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Monilinia fructicola (G. Winter) Honey. Ascomycota: Helotiales. Hosts: Rosaceous stone fruit trees (Prunus, Malus, Pyrus spp.), especially peach (Prunus persica). Also grape (Vitis spp.), flowering quinces (Chaenomeles spp.), hawthorns (Crataegus spp.) and loquat (Eriobotrya japonica). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Mainland France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Mainland Italy, Spain, Mainland Spain, Switzerland, UK), Asia (China, Hebei, Shandong, India, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Japan, Honshu, Korea Republic, Taiwan, Yemen), Africa (Nigeria, Zimbabwe), North America (Canada, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, Mexico, USA, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachussetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin), Central America and Caribbean (Guatemala, Panama), South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Paulo, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay, Venezuela), Oceania (Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania, Victoria, Western Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand).

Download Full-text

Xylella fastidiosa. [Distribution map].

Distribution Maps of Plant Diseases ◽

10.1079/dmpd/20063115670 ◽

2006 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

South Carolina ◽

Prunus Persica ◽

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Acer Rubrum ◽

Prunus Dulcis ◽

Wild Plants ◽

Distribution Map ◽

Ulmus Americana ◽

Platanus Occidentalis

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al. Bacteria. Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis vinifera and others), peach (Prunus persica), Citrus, almond (Prunus dulcis), lucerne (Medicago sativa), some wild trees (including Acer rubrum, Platanus occidentalis, Quercus rubra, Ulmus americana), other wild plants and weeds. Information is given on the geographical distribution in Europe (France, Italy), Asia (Taiwan), North America (Canada (Ontario), Mexico, USA (Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia)), Central America and Caribbean (Costa Rica), and South America (Argentina, Brazil (Bahia, Goias, Minas Gerais, Parana, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Sao Paulo, Sergipe), Paraguay, Venezuela).

Download Full-text