scholarly journals PROPOSALS TO THE RUSSIAN SOIL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM ON THE BASIS OF THE ANALYSIS OF THE SOIL MAP OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (1 : 2.5 M SCALE, 1988)

2018 ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
D. E. Konyushkov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

The analysis of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1 : 2.5 M scale, 1988) with identification of soils shown in each polygon in categories of the classification system of Russian soils (2004, 2008) is the first stage of work on creating the new digital soil map of Russia. It demonstrated the need to introduce a number of amendments to the classification system. They concern the definitions and names of diagnostic horizons and diagnostic features of soils. Thus, it is suggested that the mucky–dark humus horizon AH should be renamed as the mucky–humus horizon (as its properties do not fit the definition of the dark humus horizon in the system). Several new diagnostic features are introduced; for permafrost-affected soils, supra-permafrost accumulation of organic matter is designated by symbol cro. It is also suggested that the lists of soils at the subtype level, which reflects the development of certain diagnostic features, should be more flexible without their "rigid" linking to the given types. The aim of these changes is to reflect the accumulated information on the diversity of soils in Russia as displayed on the Soil Map of the Russian Federation (1988) and in the State Register of Soil Resources more adequately in the new classification system of Russian soils.

scholarly journals Dark-humus soils on the updated soil map of Russian Federation scale 1 : 2.5 M

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-54
Author(s):  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Unsaturated Soils ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons

The dark-humus soil type was included in the updated legend of the Soil Map of the Russian Federation at scale 1 : 2.5 M, converted to the system of Soil Classification of Russia. The soil profile starts with the dark-humus horizon gradually merging to the parent rock; any mid-profile diagnostic horizons are absent. Large areas of dark-humus soils are found in the forest-steppe, steppe and taiga zones of the European Russia, Western and Central Siberia, in the Trans-Baikal region, the Altai-Sayany Mountains, and the Caucasus. The type of dark-humus soils comprises both mesomorphic soils (of normal moisture conditions) and soils with additional surface or ground-water moisture. The main prerequisites for the formation of dark-humus soils are, on the one hand, the climatic conditions favorable for the dark-humus horizon formation, and, on the other hand, parent material - mostly derivates of hard rocks, restricting the development of mid-profile diagnostic horizons. In the updated map, the following initial legend units are partially or completely converted to dark-humus soils: several units of chernozems, dark-gray forest and gray forest non-podzolized soils, soddy-taiga base-saturated and slightly unsaturated soils, several mountain soils, a significant part of soddy-calcareous soils, as well as some mountainous forest-meadow soils. The diversity of dark-humus soils subtypes is determined by secondary carbonate features, weak signs of clay accumulation and podzolization, alteration of the mineral mass, gley and cryogenic phenomena.

scholarly journals Floodplain soils on the soil map of the Russian Federation, scale 1 : 2.5 M, 1988, in the Russian soil classification

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-30
Author(s):  
N. V. Savitskaya ◽  
T. V. Ananko ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Soil Map ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
River Valleys

The development of the digital model of the soil map of Russia derived of the map of the Soviet Russian Federation, 1988, compiled in Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, comprises the transfer of soil names in the initial legend to those in the new classification system of Russian soils (2004). Floodplain soils (only native) are represented by seven legend units (out of 205) that were named in terms of soil classification of USSR, 1977, and part of their names indicated ‘landscapes’ rather than soils, which disagrees with the principles of the new classification system. Basing on numerous publications and following the rules of the new system, soils were renamed. Most of them were referred to alluvial soil types within the synlithogenic trunk (Fluvisols), and their new names indicate both their properties and their zonal attachment. In order to obtain more adequate patterns of soils in river valleys additional soils were introduced including stratified-alluvial soils in the trunk of primary pedogenesis (Regosols). Simultaneously, the composition of polygons in the database was revised in accordance with regional data; human-modified soils were introduced (agro-soils and urbo-soils). 

An attempt of integrating the systematic of urban soils into the new Russian soil classification system

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Prokof'eva ◽  
Maria Gerasimova ◽  
Irina Lebedeva ◽  
Irina Martynenko
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Urban Soils ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Simultaneous Formation ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
Central Image ◽  
Diagnostic Horizons ◽  
Diagnostic Horizon

Abstract An attempt to incorporate the popular systematic of urban soils proposed by Marina Stroganova with colleagues into the new Russian soil classification system is presented. It was facilitated by the coincidence of approaches in both systems: priority of diagnostic horizons and their combinations as criteria to identify soil types being the main units in all Russian classifications. The central image of urban soils . urbanozem . in Stroganova.s system found its due place in the order of stratozems (urbostratozem type) owing to its diagnostic horizon . urbic, which combines artificial and natural properties, and to its simultaneous formation with the parent material.

scholarly journals Numerical methods to recognize the soil types in the forest steppe

2015 ◽  
pp. 73-90
Author(s):  
G. F. Koposov ◽  
A. A. Valeeva
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Clay Fraction ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
System A ◽  
Russian Soil ◽  
The One ◽  
Multidimensional Statistics ◽  
Dark Gray Soils

The authors generalized and summarized original and literature data with the view of studying the gray and dark-gray soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. The methods of multidimensional statistics permitted to determine the position of these soils in the available soil classification system. A great number of soils described by different researchers within the framework of Russian soil classification system (1977) were formalized in conformity with that published in 2004. In the latest classification system of soils in Russia the reliable differences in the humus horizon of gray and dark-gray soils are shown in the content of humus, exchangeable bases, clay fraction, acidity and thickness as well as in the thickness of the leached layer (up to the C horizon) and the humus storage within the one meter of soil (t/ha). The methods of numerical classification allowed determining discriminated functions and classify more exactly the studied soils in the Volga-Kama forest steppe. Based upon statistic processing of the obtained data the limits for properties of the humus horizon are suggested to distinguish the gray and dark-gray soils. The visual imagination widely adopted now to recognize the types of gray and dark-gray soils should be added by limits of their varying properties. The obtained results presented in this paper may be useful to improve the idea on properties of gray forest soils. The suggested criteria to recognize the studied soils may be applicable for studying and systematizing these soils as well as for purposes of land use, elaboration of regional database and in projects of ecological territory optimization.

Селекция и семеноводство картофеля в Камчатском крае

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.I. Ryakhovskaya ◽  
T.P. Sherstyukova ◽  
M.L. Gamolina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
The State ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
State Register ◽  
Region Selection ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Selection Of

Рассмотрены агроклиматические условия Камчатского края и лимитирующие факторы, сдерживающие рост урожайности картофеля. Приведены характеристики новых сортов картофеля селекции Камчатского НИИСХ созданных в соответствии с приоритетными для региона направлениями селекции, включенных в Государственный реестр селекционных достижений РФ и охраняемых патентами.Agroclimatic conditions of the Kamchatka Krai and limiting factors that restrain the growth of potato yield are considered. The characteristics of new varieties of potatoes of the selection of the Kamchatsky RIA are created in accordance with the priority for the region selection areas included in the State Register of Selection Achievements of the Russian Federation and protected by patents.

Ecological niches of major soil types in Russia: Geographical aspects of the new Russian soil classification system

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 967-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. D. Tonkonogov ◽  
I. I. Lebedeva ◽  
M. I. Gerasimova ◽  
S. F. Khokhlov
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Russian Soil

PROBLEMS OF DOMESTIC PRODUCTION OF STRATEGICALLY SIGNIFICANT ANTI-RETROVIRAL DRUGS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
O.A. Ryzhova ◽  
T. L. Moroz
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Antiretroviral Drugs ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
State Register ◽  
Pharmaceutical Substances ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
The Russian Federation

Purpose. The aim of the study was to assess the problems of providing patients with HIV in the Russian Federation with antiviral drugs of the ATС group – J05AF (nucleosides and nucleotides - reverse transcriptase inhibitors) included in the list of strategically important drugs, and the prospects for its improvement. Materials and methods. The scientific research was carried out sequentially and included four interrelated stages. The objective of the first stage was to analyze the auctions for public procurement of antiretroviral drugs of the ATС- J05AF group for 6 INNs included in the list of strategically important drugs. The task of the second stage of the work was a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the range of antiretroviral drugs and substances for their production, registered in the Russian Federation, of the ATС group - J05AF by 6 INN. At the third stage, an analysis was made of the availability of interchangeable drugs for each INN. The objective of the fourth stage was to analyze the registered prices for domestic and foreign medicines for each INN. Results. It was found that by 2020 the share of domestic drugs was 63% of the planned 90%. In the Russian Federation, only 4 manufacturers in a limited range produce drugs for the treatment of HIV-infected patients. For individual INNs, domestic substances are completely absent, or are produced in insufficient quantities, which forces manufacturers to purchase pharmaceutical substances from the same enterprises, mainly in China and India. In the State Register of Medicines by 2020, for various INNs, interchangeable medicines appeared, the price of which does not differ statistically significantly, nevertheless, 91% of auctions in 2018 were held with a single supplier. Such a result of the auctions is difficult to explain, since the price of interchangeable drugs in the ATС - J05AF group does not differ statistically significantly between domestic and foreign manufacturers. Conclusion: In order to increase the level of import substitution of strategically important antiretroviral drugs, it is necessary, first of all, to solve the problem of providing Russian manufacturers with domestic pharmaceutical substances.

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